PHYSICS

Class XII Science

Three hours and a quarter

(The first 15 minutes of the examination are for reading the paper only.

Candidates must NOT start writing during this time).

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Answer all questions in section A. Answer any six questions from Section B.
All workings, including rough work, should be done on the same sheet as, and

adjacent to the rest of the answer.

The intended marks for questions are given in brackets [ ].

A list of useful physical constants is given at the end of the question paper.

SECTION A (40 MARKS) Answer

ALL questions

a) For each question, there are four alternatives A, B, C and D. Choose the correct alternative
and circle it. DO NOT circle more than ONE alternative. If there are more than ONE circled
alternatives, NO score shall be awarded. [25]

(i) The 𝑥 − 𝑡 graph of a particle undergoing simple harmonic motion is shown below. The acceleration
of the particle at second is
A.

B.

C.

D.

(ii) Which of the following statements regarding nuclear reactions is true?

A. If the binding energy of the reactants is greater than that of the products, the reaction absorbs
energy.
B. If the mass of the products is greater than that of the reactants, the reaction releases energy.
C. If the reaction is a fission reaction, the reaction releases energy because the products weigh less.
D. If the reaction is a fusion reaction, the reaction absorbs energy because the products are more
stable.

(iii) The need for the emission of the neutrino or the antineutrino in the beta decay is to ensure that
A. charge is conserved in the interaction
B. lepton number is conserved in the interaction
C. baryon number is conserved in the interaction
D. strangeness is conserved in the interaction

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(iv) A ball bearing is thrown downwards at high speed in a viscous liquid. Which of the following
graphs would represent the variation of the upthrust and viscous force acting on the ball bearing
with time?

(v) A doped silicon semiconductor has the following energy-level diagram.

What element was most likely used to dope the silicon?

A. Boron
B. Germanium
C. Phosphorus
D. Sulphur

(vi) A long solenoid has 1000 turns. When a current of 4 A flows through it, the magnetic flux linked
with each turn of the solenoid is 4 × 10−3 Wb. The self inductance of the solenoid is
A. 4 H
B. 3 H
C. 2 H
D. 1 H

(vii) The equivalent capacitance between points P and Q in the give figure would be
A. 3C
B. C/3
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 C. 3C/2
D. 3/C
(viii) Dorji and Tshomo performed experiment to determine the refractive index of tape water using
travelling microscope. They got the following microscope readings.
Sl.no. A (cm) B (cm) C (cm)
1. 6.278 6.525 7.362
In the table above, A = location of thick pin in the beaker without water, B = location of thick
pin in the beaker with water and C = location of saw dust in the beaker with water. What is the
refractive index of water according to their experiment?
A. 0.837
B. 1.295
C. 1.330
D. 1.5
(ix) The amplitude of a particle executing SHM is ‘a’. When the potential energy of the particle is
onefourth of its maximum value, then the displacement of the particle from the equilibrium position
will be
A. a/4
B. a/3
C. a/2
D. 2a/3
(x) A woman was cleaning the surface of a mirror in her bathroom. Initially when she used only water
it was difficult to obtain an image on the mirror. Later, she used soap solution to clean the mirror
and was surprised to find that the image was clearer. Thus she concluded that using soap solution
prevents the mirror from fogging up.
Which one of the following caused the mirror to fog?
A. Cohesive force among water molecules.
B. Cohesive force between soap and water.
C. Adhesive forces among water molecules.
D. Adhesive forces between water molecules and glass.

(xi) The following graph shows the induced EMF in a coil that is rotating in a magnetic field.

Which of the following graphs would represent the magnetic flux through the coil as it is rotated?

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(xii) Which of the following statements best describes the reason why some materials become
superconducting at very low temperatures?
A. The ions in the superconductor form a regular crystal lattice. There are long channels through the
lattice along which the electrons can pass without colliding with the lattice.
B. Vibrations of the crystal lattice are so small that they do not interfere with the motion of the
electrons.
C. Electrons in a superconductor have very low energy. Their energy is so low that they cannot
transfer energy to the crystal lattice in a collision.
D. Electrons ‘pair up’. These electron pairs pass through the crystal lattice of the superconductor
without losing energy in collisions with the lattice.

(xiii) The Impact test is one of the most commonly used methods for measuring the natural frequency of
an object. This method is effective because the impact inputs a small amount of force in the
equipment over a large frequency range. There are three methods of the Impact test. They are;
i. Hitting an object with a hammer and then recording the response (vibration) of the object
using sensor.
ii. Hitting an object with a hammer and then recording the sound produced by the object using
mobile app like Spectrograph.
iii. Playing different frequencies of sound near an object and then recording the response of the
object using sensor.
The graph given shows the response of an object to the Impact test.

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 What is the natural frequency of the object?
A. 10 – 100 Hz
B. 100 – 1000 Hz.
C. 1000 – 10000 Hz.
D. Above 10000 Hz.
(xiv) Two identical narrow slits S1 and S2 are illuminated with light of wavelength λ from a point source
P.

If, as shown in the diagram above, the light is then allowed to fall on a screen, and if m is a
positive integer, the condition for constructive interference at Q is
A. x1 – x2 = (2m + 1)
B. x3 – x4 = (2m + 1)

C. x3 – x4 = m
D. (x1 + x3) – (x2 + x4) = m

(xv) Identify the subatomic particle.

A. Kaon.
B. Proton.
C. Neutron.
D. Electron.

(xvi) The figure given is an electrostatic precipitator (ESP). It is filter-less device that removes fine
particles like dust and smoke released from factories, thus reducing air pollution. Choose the correct
statement about the device.

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 A. It works based on law of electrostatic force of repulsion.
B. It works based on law of electrostatic force of attraction.
C. It works based on law of conservation of charges.
D. It works based on law of quantization of charges.

(xvii) In an experiment to demonstrate the photoelectric effect, light of intensity L and frequency f is
incident on a metal surface. The maximum photoelectric current is I and the stopping potential is Vs.
What change, if any, will occur in the maximum photoelectric current and the stopping potential if
light of the same intensity L but of frequency 2f is incident on the surface?
Maximum photoelectric current Stopping potential
A I Greater than 2Vs
B Less than I Greater than 2Vs
C I Equal to 2Vs
D Less than I Equal to 2Vs

(xviii) Same current flows in two separate AC circuits. The first circuit contains inductance only, while the
second contains capacitance only. If the frequency of the applied voltage increases, the current
A. will increase in the first circuit, decrease in the second
B. will decrease in the first circuit, increase in the second
C. will increase in both the circuits
D. will decrease in both the circuits

(xix) When an object is placed further than twice the focal length of lens, the real image is inverted and
smaller than the object. This is the configuration for:
A. camera
B. eye lens
C. magnifying lens
D. compound microscope

(xx) The set-up for Young’s double slit experiment is shown below. The pattern of bright and dark
bands is observed on the screen.

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 Which one of the following actions will increase the distance, ∆x, between the dark bands in
this double slit interference pattern?
A. Decreasing the slit width
B. Decreasing the distance of separation between the slits
C. Decreasing the distance between the slit and the screen D. Decreasing the wavelength of the light

(xxi) The tip of a needle does not give a sharp image on the screen. This is due to
A. Polarisation
B. Interference
C. Diffraction
D. Reflection and refraction
(xxii) The graph below shows how average binding energy per nucleon varies with the mass number of
the nuclide.

From the graph it can be concluded that:

A. Light hydrogen (mass number of 1) is the most stable element in the universe
B. A nucleus with a mass number of 50 is more stable that a nucleus with a mass number of 200 C. A
nucleus with a mass number of 200 is more stable than a nucleus with a mass number of 50
D. Nuclides with a mass number of less than 50 release energy by undergoing nuclear fission.

(xxiii) The graph shows the maximum kinetic energy of electrons ejected from different metals as a
function of the frequency of the incident light.

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 What can be deduced from this graph?

A. The maximum kinetic energy of ejected electrons is proportional to the number of photons incident
on the metal surface.
B. More photons are required to cause an electron to be ejected from zinc than from potassium.
C. Any photon that can eject an electron from the surface of zinc must also be able to cause an
electron to be ejected from potassium.
D. For any given frequency that causes electrons to be ejected from all three metals, the number of
electrons ejected is always greatest for potassium.

(xxiv) Why are spacecraft that are placed into orbit around the earth generally launched in an easterly
direction?
A. To gain assistance from the wind
B. To help slow down the spacecraft so it can go into orbit
C. To reduce the interference from the earth’s magnetic field
D. To use the earth’s rotation to increase the spacecraft’s speed
(xxv) There are different types of satellite design reviews. What is the function of mission design review
(MDR)?

A. Evaluate and consolidate all requirements.

B. Evaluate the design progress made.
C. Present final design
D. Qualification/Flight test plans.

b) Match each item of Column A with the most appropriate item of Column B. Rewrite the
correct pairs by writing the alphabet against the number in the spaces provided. [5]
Column A Column B
i.Planetary motions a) Slows down the neutrons v
ii.Thermistor b) Conservation of mass vii
iii.Capacitance c) Direction of current iv
iv.Lenz’s law d) C/V iii
v.Moderator e) Baryon vi
vi.Proton f) Step-up transformer ix
vii.Equation of continuity g) Heat sensor ii
viii.Burning glass h) Light sensor
ix.Transmission of power i) Oscillatory motion
x.Resonance j) Periodic motion i
k) Forced oscillation x
l) Convex lens viii
m) Concave lens

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 c) Fill in the blanks with appropriate word/s. [5]
(i) ………resonance…………………...occurs when the frequency of the force applied to an
oscillating object matches with its ………natural frequency…..………………
(ii) There are two types of thermistor. When the PTC thermistor is the part of potential divider circuit,
the output voltage is………low…………………..in cold condition
and…………high……………….in hot condition.
(iii) For…………destructive……………….interference at a point, the phase difference between the
two waves reaching that particular point should be an odd integral multiple
of…………..………………
(iv) Particles that are lighter than a proton and heavier than an electron are
called…………mesons……….…………
(v) Inserting a dielectric medium between the plates of a fully charged parallel plate
capacitor……………decreases….…………..its electric potential.
(vi) If the aim of Young’s double slits experiment is to prove that waves can undergo interference,
then the dependent and independent variables of the experiment
is………fringe width…………………..and……wavelength…………………… respectively
d) State true/false for the following statements in the boxes provided. [5]
(i) U – V method or parallax method is one of the methods to determine the focal length of a F
convex lens. If the aim of the experiment is to determine the focal length, then the
possible hypothesis could be “If the lens is changed, then the focal length will also
change”.

(ii) Space law is based upon a series of international treaties, agreements, and UN resolutions T
governing the use and exploration of outer space.

(iii) The de Broglie wavelength for electrons moving with speed of 5.4 × 106 𝑚/𝑠 is about 1.35 F
× 10−10 𝑚.

(iv) The conservation of strangeness can be violated in strong interactions. F

(v) Kepler formulated three laws of planetary motion, which accurately described the motion T
of comets as well.

(vi) In SHM, the magnitude of restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement of a T
particle from the mean position.

(vii) Convex lens produces real and inverted image except when the object is placed between T
focus and the optical centre.

(viii) The impossibility to measure both the position and momentum of a microscopic particle F
at the same time is based on Einstein’s Photoelectric equation.

(ix) According to ideal gas law, pressure is directly proportional to temperature at constant F
volume.

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(x) Coulomb’s law is applicable to only point charges. T

SECTION B (60 MARKS)

Answer ANY SIX questions
Question 2
(a) A particle undergoes SHM about an equilibrium position O between two points A and B, distant 2𝑎
apart.
(i) What is the amplitude of oscillation? [0.5]

a
(ii) At what points is the speed of the particle maximum and zero? [0.5]

Max at O
Zero at A and B
(b) Tshering says it is easy remove dirt from the cloths when applied soap than water alone. Explain
why it is easy to remove dirt with soap while washing clothes? [1]
- REDUCES SURFACE TENSION
- ADHESIVE FORCE BETWEEN THE DIRTS AND SOAP SOLUTION INCREASES.

(c) The current in the primary of a circuit is reduced from 10 A to zero uniformly in 1 ms. Calculate the
emf induced in the secondary, if the coefficient of mutual induction is 3 H. Also calculate the
change in flux linked with each turn of the secondary which has 600 turns. [2]

(d) Nanotechnology is technology to manipulate and control a substance at the nanometer level.
Besides numerous applications of the nanotechnologies, it poses threats to mankind. Justify by
giving two examples of nanotechnology threats. [2]

(e) A group of students performed experiment to determine the specific resistance of a given wire of
length 50 cm using meter bridge. They got the following results from their experiment.
Sl. No P1 (ohm) P2 (ohm) Mean value of Mean P
resistance, P (ohm)
(ohm)
1 1.10 1.01 1.06
2 1.19 1.10 1.14
3 1.33 1.18 1.26 1.194
4 1.32 1.14 1.23
5 1.37 1.18 1.28
i. State the principle of the above experiment. [1]
Wheatstone bridge principle: The Wheatstone bridge works on the principle of null deflection, i.e.
the ratio of their resistances is equal, and no current flows through the circuit.

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ii. The figure below shows a screw gauge in which the circular scale has 100 divisions. The spindle
advances 1 mm when the screw is turned through one revolution. If the zero error of the screw
gauge is -0.02 mm, then calculate the:

1. Pitch [0.5]
=

2. Least count
= [0.5]

3. Radius of the given wire [1]

D=2mm+(34*0.01mm)=2.34mm+0.02mm=2.36 mm
R=
iii. Determine the specific resistance of the given wire from the radius obtained above. [1]

Question 3

(a) The picture depicts application of one of the laws of optics. Derive the law using Huygen’s
principle. [3]

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 (b) Time period of a particle in SHM depends on the force constant k and mass m of the particle as:

T . A simple pendulum executes SHM approximately. Why then is the time period of a
pendulum independent of the mass of the bob? [1]

(c) Blue light of frequency 6.25 x 1014 Hz is shone onto the sodium photocathode of a photocell. The
graph of the photoelectric current versus potential difference is shown below.

i. The threshold frequency for sodium is 5.50 x 1014 Hz. [1]

Calculate the stopping potential when blue light of frequency 6.25 x 10 Hz is shone onto the
14

sodium photocathode of this photocell.

ii. On the figure above, sketch the curve expected if the light is changed to ultraviolet with a lower
intensity than the original. [1]

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 (d) Why is the pressure of water reduced when it comes to a narrow pipe from a wide pipe while
flowing? Support your answer with relevant equation(s). [1]

(e) How is ideal fluid different from real fluid? Justify giving two reasons. [1]

(f) Do you think power of lens will depend on density of the lens and wavelength of the light? Give
reason for your answer. [2]

Question 4
(a) An alternating current varies with time in the way shown in the figure below.

i. Determine the frequency of the alternating current. [0.5]

ii. Determine the root-mean-square value of the alternating current. [0.5]

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 (b) The sun is the main source of energy for the Earth. How does the sun generate enormous amount of
self-sustaining energy? Explain your answer with the help of an equation. [1]

(c) Tshering is in need of 3 μF capacitors to design an electrical mother board for her project. She has
two capacitors of capacitance 2 μF and another two capacitors of capacitance 4 μF.
Is it possible for her get the required capacitance by combining the available capacitors? Draw the
circuit diagram to support your answer. [2]

(d) An orthodontist wishes to inspect a patient's tooth with a magnifying mirror. She places the mirror
1.25 cm behind the tooth. This results in an upright, virtual image of the tooth that is 15.0 cm
behind the mirror.
i. What is the mirror's radius of curvature? [1.5]

ii. What magnification describes the image described in this passage? [0.5]
M=12

(e) Point source P, consisting of light with wavelength 630 nm, passes through a narrow slit and is
incident on a screen at a distance of 2.4 m from the slit. Figure below shows the variation of
intensity I of the light on the screen with distance x along the screen.

i. Use the above figure to determine the width of the slit. [1.5]

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 ii. State the effect on the pattern on the screen if the width of the single slit is reduced.
[0.5]
Diffraction pattern becomes wider/ broader

(f) A pupil performs the experiments shown below. He puts a solenoid on the back of a motion trolley
connected to an ammeter and a switch and pushes it towards a powerful fixed magnet at an initial
speed v. In experiment 1 the switch is open. In experiment 2 the conditions are exactly the same as
experiment 1 but now the switch is closed.

Describe and explain, in terms of the relevant laws of physics, the observations that he makes of the
two experiments. (Ignore the effect of friction on the trolleys) [2]

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Question 5

a. The electric field between parallel plates is represented by vectors in the diagram below. The plates
are 5.00 cm apart and 10.0 cm in length. The electric field strength is 560 N C-1.

i. State which of the plates (either UPPER or LOWER) is the positively-charged plate. [0.5]

lower

ii. A charged particle, −𝑞 = −0.80 μC, enters midway between the plates, initially travelling
perpendicular to the electric field. Its velocity is 6.50 × 105 m s-1 (right).
1. Refer to the diagram. Predict which path – either (1) or (2) – the charge will follow. [0.5]
1

2. Calculate the force due to the electric field on the charged particle. [1]

b. A simple device for investigating the photoelectric effect is shown in figure below.

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 When light of sufficient energy hits the cathode electrons are ejected towards the anode. The
voltage of the power supply can be varied until no current is measured at the ammeter, this is
the stopping voltage.
i. The device was used to investigate the relationship between the type of metal at the cathode and the
stopping voltage.
Write a suitable hypothesis for this investigation. [0.5]

ii. The following data was collected for a zinc cathode.

Photon frequency (1014 Hz) Stopping potential (V)
1.00 Note 1.
1.25 0.87
1.50 1.90
1.75 2.94
2.00 3.97
2.25 5.01
Note 1. No current was detected

1. Plot this data on the graph paper provided. [1]

2. Using your graph, calculate the work function for zinc. [0.5]

c. Based on the conservation laws, is the following interaction possible? Show necessary steps. [2]
𝑝 + 𝑛 → 𝑒+ + 𝑣

d. Why particle physics is known as high energy physics? [1]

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 e. Two students, Kim and Ali, performed an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity
(g) using a simple pendulum consisting of a small mass hanging from a light string.

Their procedure was as follows:

1. Adjust the length of the string (L) to measure 0.08 m. 2. Hold
the mass to the side to give a small angular displacement, θ.
3. Release the mass and measure the time for one period (T).
4. Record the result in a table.
5. Repeat using a string length (L) of 0.09 m and continue until the string length is 0.19 m (going up
in 0.01 m increments, using the same initial angular displacement each time).

6. Calculate g using the relationship T .

The results are shown in the table:

Kim used the data in the table to obtain a mean value for g. Kim’s result was g = 9.3 ms-2. Ali used
the results to produce the following graph. Ali’s line of best fit was used to calculate g.

i. Outline TWO changes that could be made to the experimental procedure that would improve its
accuracy. [1]

ii. Compare Kim’s and Ali’s methods of calculating g and identify the better approach. [1]

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 iii. Calculate the value of g from the line of best fit on Ali’s graph. [1]

Question 6

a. Complete the Venn diagram given below. [2]

Same
magnitude
of charge

b. One of the children in the figure below is touching an electrostatic generator.

i. Why does the hair of the child touching the electrostatic generator stand on end? [0.5]

Due to same charge on each hair strands, they repel one another.

ii. Why does the hair of the other child likewise stand on end? [0.5]
Since they are touching each other, the charge gets transferred.
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 iii. Are the children grounded? Explain your answer. [0.5]
No, otherwise charge would go to the ground and the hair would not stand.
c. For equation 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝐴 cos (𝜔𝑑𝑡), suppose the amplitude A is given by, ,
[𝑚 𝜔
𝑑−𝜔 + 𝜔𝑑 2 where
Fm is the (constant) amplitude of the external oscillating force exerted on
the spring by the rigid support. At resonance, what are the
i. Amplitude [1]

ii. Velocity amplitude of the oscillating object? [1]

d. In the given circuit, E1 and E2 are two cells of emfs 4 V and 6 V respectively, having negligible
internal resistances. Applying Kirchhoff’s laws of electrical networks, find the values of 𝑖1 and
𝑖2 . [3]

e. As shown in the figure given below, marginal rays and paraxial rays are not able to meet at the same
point.

i. What do you call this defect? [0.5]

Spherical aberration
ii. What will happen to the image in such a situation? [0.5]
Distorted
iii. How will you minimize this defect of the given mirror? [0.5]
Parabolic mirror or stops or using small apertures
Question 7

a. A group of keen physics students wanted to investigate the function of an AC generator as shown in
the image below.

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 The students noted that it had 150 turns of wire in the 6 cm wide square coil and was placed in a
magnetic field of strength 1.85 x 102 mT. They then connected a digital voltmeter and a motor to
the handle to which rotated it at 240 rpm.
i. Show that the maximum emf can be described using the equation: [2]
emax = 2𝜋𝑓𝑁𝐵𝐴
Where emax is maximum emf, f is frequency, N is the number of turns in the coil, B is the strength of
the external magnetic field and A is the area of the coil.

ii. Calculate the maximum emf produced by the generator using the above conditions. [1]
2.51 V

b. How much energy is needed to remove a neutron from the nucleus of 13Al27? Given: mass of 13Al27
atom = 26.981541 u, mass of 13Al26 atom = 25.986895 u. [2]

c. Figure below shows the arrangement for viewing a visible interference pattern on a screen.

In a darkened room, a double slit (S1S2) is placed infront of a narrow single slit situated infront of a
monochromatic light source. Line XY is equidistant from S1 and S2.
i. Explain why a single slit is used in the figure above. [0.5]
To obtain coherent sources

ii. The point Y on the screen is directly opposite to the centre of the double slit. State and explain the
nature of the interference that occurs at Y. [0.5]
constructive interference
no path difference

iii. The distance between slits S1 and S2 is 0.60 mm. When the screen is placed 1.8 m from the slits, the
distance between the two first-order bright fringes in the interference pattern formed on the screen
is 4 mm. Calculate the wavelength of the light. [1]

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iv. Suggest changes to the appearance of the fringes when each of the following changes is made
separately.
1. Moving the light source and single slit along the axis towards point X, further away from
S1S2. [0.5]

2. Shifting the single slit a small distance downwards, closer to slit S2. [0.5]
No interference fringes
n

d. Explain the working of potential divider as an audio volume control with the help of a circuit
diagram. [2]
Question 8

a. With what purpose was famous Davisson-Germer experiment with electron performed? [1]

b. Figure below shows a magnetic field of flux density 5 x 10-5 T passing through a short-circuited coil
of wire at an angle of 60o to the plane of the horizontal non-magnetic table on which the coil rests.
The coil has 400 turns and an area of 25 cm2.

i. Calculate the magnetic flux linkage through the coil of wire at the above mentioned
position. [1]

ii. After an initial push, the coil rotates by 180o about the axis XY in the direction shown in
Fig. in a duration of 2.5 s. Calculate the average emf induced. [1]

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 c. The angle of contact between ordinary water and glass, and mercury and glass is 8o and 135o
respectively. What can you conclude from these data? [1]

d. A large pipe 5 meter above the ground and a small pipe 1 meter above the ground. The velocity of
the water in a large pipe is 36 km/h with a pressure of 9.1 x 105 Pa, while the pressure in the small
pipe is 2 x 105 Pa.
i. What is the water velocity in the small pipe? Water density = 103 kg/m3. [1.5]

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 ii. Which law of conservation is used in the above calculation? [0.5]

Conservation of energy

e. Wangmo charged a parallel plate capacitor with a battery and then disconnected it. She then
decreased the distance between the plates. What changes she will observe in
i. Capacitance [0.5]

ii. Charge on the plates [0.5]

iii. Electric field between the plates [0.5]

iv. Stored energy of the capacitor?

[0.5]
Give reasons or supporting equations for your answer.

f. A pure inductance of 1.0 H is connected across a 110 V – 70 Hz source. Find the reactance, current
and peak value of current. [2]

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Question 9
a. If the pressure remains constant, then at what temperature the root-mean-square velocity of the
molecules of a gas will remain half of the root-mean-square velocity at 0 oC? [1]

b. State two effects each of charged particles and vacuum to a spacecraft. [2]

Charged particles: damage electrical components, destroy sensors, damage thermal control coating.
Vacuum: increases the outgassing rate of the materials, cold welding and heat transfer.

c. Describe the importance of proper satellite disposal. What are the two methods of satellite
disposal? [2]
bring back to earth’s atmosphere
deorbiting to satellite graveyard

d. Derive an expression for average translational kinetic energy for gas molecules. [2]

E=3/2 KT

e. In 2021, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) was placed in orbit around the sun. Earth and
the JWST are following the orbits shown below, with identical orbital periods. This appears to
contradict Kepler’s law of periods.

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 Why is it possible for the JWST to orbit the sun with the same orbital period as earth? In your
answer, refer to Kepler’s law of periods. [2]

although the time period is same, their velocities are different.

JWST moves with greater velocity to have the same period as that of earth’s.

f. Write short notes on CDHS. [1]

[PHYSICAL CONSTANTS]
Planck’s constant
Electron charge
1 electron volt
Permittivity of space
Velocity of light
Energy equivalent of
Absolute magnetic permeability
Mass of a neutron
UA TRIAL/12 SCI PHY/2022
h = 6.63 x 10-34 Js
e = 1.6 x 10-19 C
1eV = 1.6 x 10-19 J
𝜀𝑜 = 8.85 x 10-12 C2N-1m-2
c = 3 x 108 ms-1
1u = 931.5 MeV
𝜇𝑜 = 4𝜋 x 10-7 Tm/A
MN = 1.008665 u
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 Speed of electromagnetic wave in vacuum c = 3 x 108 ms-1
Mass of an electron Me = 9.1 x 10-31 kg
Mass of hydrogen atom MH = 1.007825 u
Gas constant R = 8.31 J mol-1 K-1
Avogadro’s number NA = 6.022 x 1023 mol-1
Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 x 10-23 JK-1
Acceleration due to gravity g = 9.8 m/s2
Density of water at 4 oC 𝜌 = 1000 kg/m3

UA TRIAL/12 SCI PHY/2022 This booklet consists of 27 printed pages Page 27 of 17