When you don't make any sounds or use any words during a conversation,

there is silence in the communication. Depending on the culture, it might

mean many things. In certain cultures, remaining silent denotes respect.
Other cultures can see it as a disinterest in or reluctance to communicate.
Silence may be both a blessing and a curse. For instance, encouraging quiet
can be useful for advancing a conversation, changing the subject, or
signaling the conclusion of a verbal engagement. Negative silence, on the
other hand, can be harmful because it prevents dialogue or spreads enmity.
In addition to being a form of communication, silence may also be an
effective tool.

Body Language

Body language refers to the nonverbal signals that we use to communicate.

These nonverbal signals make up a huge part of daily communication. In
fact, body language may account for between 60% to 65% of all
communication.1

Based on what I have read that I’m going to share with you. There are two
types of body language, the positive and negative body language.

Positive body language are crucial to communicating good intentions or

charisma. Some examples of these are maintaining good eye contact, open
palms, head nod, upright and open posture, leaning in while speaking and
listening and etc. With this body languages we can show that we’re engaged
and actively listening to the speaker.

Next is the Negative body language, example of these are minimal face
expression, when we say minimal face expression we are trying to avoid
showing any type of facial expression, For example if you keep your eyes on
the floor when the professor is calling someone that will answer his/her
questions, it can indicate that you’re uncomfortable, shy or dishonest.
Another example in negative body languages is crossed arms The use of
your arms can often convey several nonverbal cues. For example, when you
cross your arms, it shows your defensiveness. It can also indicate that
you're trying to protect yourself from something or that you're closing
yourself off from further interaction with another person or a group of people

Next, is the Facial expressions

Facial expressions can display personal emotions and indicate an

individual's intentions within a social situation. They are extremely
important to the social interaction of individuals. Background scenes in which
faces are perceived provide important contextual information for facial
expression processing.

A smile can indicate approval or happiness. A frown can signal disapproval or

unhappiness.

In some cases, our facial expressions may reveal our true feelings about a
particular situation. While you say that you are feeling fine, the look on your
face may tell people otherwise.

 Happiness

 Sadness

 Anger

 Surprise

 Disgust

 Fear

 Confusion
  Excitement

 Desire

 Contempt

Paralanguage

We are often advised that when it comes to getting our messages across to
others, it is not so much “what” we say, as “how” we say it. Paralanguage is
the study of the “how,” to put it simply Paralanguage is a form of
nonverbal communication that allows people to add layers of meaning to
their spoken utterances through the manipulation of the manner of speech,
or the way they say things. We speak paralanguage when we gasp, sigh,
clear our throats, change our tone, whisper or shout, emphasize certain
words, wave our hands, frown or smile, laugh or cry, string vocal identifiers
like un-huh and ah-hah between our words, or speak faster or slower.

Paralanguage refers to the conveyance of meaning through non-lexical

tokens (or non-words, such as "huh," "hmm," or "well") such as qualities of
prosody (or the rhythm, stress, and sound of speech). It is a kind of meta-
communication, a code that translates the words we are saying into what we
really mean.

Each of these actions tells our listeners something. They impact others
emotionally. The tokens "mm-hm" (to indicate agreement) or "mm-mm" (to
indicate disagreement)

Pauses and hesitations that indicate uncertainty: Tokens sometimes called

hedges (such as "um," "uh," or "mm" that allow a speaker to stall) and
halting speech signal that a speaker does not know what they are talking
about

For example
If someone apologizes, but they spit out the words in a defiant tone, we do
not believe they are sincerely sorry. If they speak lower and slower, and
there is a hint of tearfulness in their words, we believe that they are indeed
sorry

Even though paralanguage is most often vocalic and relates to spoken

language, paralanguage can also be indicated through other modes of
communication. For example, a popular way to indicate actions in text is by
using asterisks, which can indicate the same meanings carried out in spoken
conversation. For example, the text "When I saw him leaned against the
wallwith a light smirk on his lips, I just “smile” it indicates that she is happy
when she saw him.