Lecture 3: Beams

Failure Modes
Bending triggering collapse - ideal

Local buckling of flange

Failure Modes:Lateral torsional buckling

Provide lateral restraints e.g. from slabs or secondary beams

 Failure Modes: Shear

Shear strength of beams

thicker webs or web stiffeners

Failure Modes: Web crippling and buckling

web crippling web buckling

provide bearing plate, thicker web or end stifferners
 Cross section classification

Table 2: IS 800 shows the critera for classification

Plastic and compact: M = Zpfy Semi compact: M = Zefy

 Web crippling and buckling
web buckling strength near support and under concentrated load

where fcd is the allowable compressive stress

assuming buckling curve classification c
effective length is equal to 0.7 times the
depth of web between flanges
radius of gyration
web crippling strength

where fyw is the design yield strength of web

where Ae is the effective area of web
 Design Procedure: Restrained Beams
Step 1: Determing the factored bending moment M and shear force V
Step 2: Evaluate the approximate section modulus required

Step 3: Select a trial section

Step 4: Find the section classification
Step 5: Check the section capacity for shear
where h is the total depth of the section
Step 6: Check for high shear/low shear case
if V is more than 0.6 Vd , then it is a high shear case
Step 7: Check the bending strength
for low shear case the bending moment capacity is
for high shear case the bending moment capacity for semi compact sections

for high shear case the bending moment capacity for plastic/compact sections
 Design Procedure contd.
for high shear case the bending moment capacity for plastic/compact sections

where

Mfd is the plastic design strength of the section excluding the shear area

Step 8: Check for web buckling and web crippling

Step 9: Check for deflection. The max deflection should be less than
l/300
Laterally Unrestrained Beams
 Example 1
Determine the plastic section modulus for ISMB 300

ISMB 300: Properties

About zz axis

About yy axis
 Example 2
A built up I section, grade Fe 410, has following dimensions
web: 1600 mm by 15 mm, flange: 380 mm by 20 mm
Find the moment capacity of the section about strong axis

Outstand element width

Flange check
flange is compact

Web check
web is semi-compact

Therefore the section is semi-compact

 Example 2
For a semi-compact section

Elastic section modulus

Moment capacity
 Example 3
A simply supported steel beam of span 4m is subjected to a udl of 10 kN/m
Design an appropriate section of Fe 410 grade steel

Factored bending moment and shear force

Plastic section modulus required

Try ISLB 200 @ 194.2 N/m

Section classification
section is plastic
 Example 3
Check for shear capacity

Check for high/low shear

low shear
Design moment capacity

Check for deflection

less than l/300 hence ok

 Example 3
Check for web bearing. Assume a stiff bearing length of 75 mm

hence ok

Since the section is plastic web buckling check is not required

 Example 4
Design a steel beam of span 6m for factored M = 150 kNm and V = 200 kN
Assume Fe 410 grade of steel. Deflection check not required.

Plastic section modulus required

Try ISLB 325 @ 422.81 N/m

Section classification
section is plastic
 Example 4
Check for shear capacity

Check for high/low shear

high shear
Design moment capacity
 Example 4

Hence the section is unsafe. Try ISLB 350 @495 N/m

Section classification: plastic
Check for shear capacity

Check for high/low shear

high shear
Design moment capacity
Example 4
 Example 4
Check for web bearing. Assume a stiff bearing length of 100 mm

hence ok
Since the section is plastic web buckling check is not required
 Purlins
Beams provided in the roofing system
They ensure that loads are applied at truss joints
Consideration of torsional buckling
Orientation of purlins
Need for interaction equation
 Example 5
Consider a 6 floor rectangular building of length 12 m and width 6 m
supported by beams on all sides subjected to a DL and LL of 6 and 3
kN/m2 , respectively on all floors. Design the floor beams.
Assume the floor be ABCD with long edges AB and CD and short
edges BC and AD.
Calculation of loads on beams: Long beams are subjected to a
trapezoidal load and short beams are subjected to triangular load
Total factored load on floor = 13.5 kN/m2

D C 60.75 13.5*3*3=121.5 60.75kN

2m

A E B B C
F
A B 60.75*3-60.75*1=121.5
6m 181.5*6=1093-60.75*4-121.5*1.5
 Example 5
Max shear force: 182.25 and 60.75 kN for long and short beams
Max BM: 486 and 121.5 kNm

D C 13.5 kN/m 13.5 kN/m

A B B C
A B