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Low Power Communication Protocols for IoT-Enabled

Applications

Chapter · March 2018

DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-3805-9.ch003

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Chapter 3
Low Power Communication
Protocols for IoT-
Enabled Applications
Manoj Devare
Amity University – Mumbai, India

ABSTRACT
The industrial IoT marching towards the digital twin and the broad spectrum of
applications need the specialized low power protocols for communication and
data transfer. This chapter provides a comprehensive discussion on the challenges,
opportunities, use cases, platforms, and protocols for the deployment of low power
protocols in the context of IoT applications. Moreover, discussion extends to the
various custom techniques for energy saving in the communication of sensors to
hardware, hardware to Cloud, and deferred data pushing in edge computing. The
traditional wireless data transfer and communication protocols are suitable in case
of the hardware platforms connected with seamless power supply. However, there is
need of low power protocols 6LoWPAN, LoRaWAN, Sub 1, ZigBee, BLE, NFC, and
other telecommunication protocols across several IoT applications. The SBCs and
micro-controllers are not always equipped with these protocol-enabled hardware.
This chapter addresses the suitable hardware and combination with low energy
options as per the budget, range, and specifications.

DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-3805-9.ch003

Copyright © 2018, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited.
Low Power Communication Protocols for IoT-Enabled Applications

INTRODUCTION

The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought forth new opportunities
by seamlessly integrating the physical world using computing, sensing, and wireless
networks, transforming it into a Cyber-Physical System (CPS). An essential building
block enabling the IoT is a sensing system. The industrial automation, Machine to
Machine (M2M) communication are always there for making the life of the industrial
workers more better. However, the use of the energy-saving products in the IoT is an
important aspect of the Smart City, Smart Factory, and Digital Twin (DT) creation.
The Cloud Computing enabled by virtualization, Edge Computing and Fog
Computing are also energy-saving technologies. Although these technologies are
not directly related to the energy harvesting concepts, unlike the generation of the
energy for the device to device communication through the motion, pressure, or
temperature differences. But indirectly the public Cloud infrastructure solves the
energy utilization problem as shared by many users, and reduces the cooling cost.
Hence it highly contributes to the energy saving. In case of the edge computing,
where the computations are happening near to the data sources like in Micro-
controller units or other Single Board Computers. In case of Fog Computing the
network devices like routers and gateways having the capability to store some data
on the interval basis.
(Tata, Jain, Ludwig, & Gopisetty, 2017) Discusses on the availability of low-
cost, low-power SBCs, it is possible to perform certain business logic at the edge
of the network utilizing such computers. This way the IoT application is distributed
across many devices, some running at or near the edge of the network, at different
locations and some running in the public or private Cloud.
The energy consumption rate of one joule per second is called as One watt. One
watt is also defined as the current flow of one ampere with a voltage of one volt.
(IEA, 2016) Discusses the IoT devices used in the various applications consume the
power ranging from the 0.4 to 8.0 watt. The low energy technologies are available
for interfacing with the low-cost open source or commercial SBC, micro-controllers.
There is need to find the industrial buses interfacing with the different resource
constrained situation, and lacking in the main platform facilities. The transfer range
may start from the Personal Area Network (PAN) having a smaller range of data
communication like creating Piconet or Scatternet, like in Bluetooth or BLE. The
communication may range up to the range of the home indoor or outdoor like up
to the backyard and garden premises of the home. The normal Wi-Fi is suitable
to use in the large range up to few meters, but not specially designed for the low
energy needs.
There are wireless technologies related to the concept of ambient intelligence
where the home automation is done for the comfort of the human beings. The M2M,

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