TCP/IP Networking Fundamentals

for Sysadmins
Networking 101 Back to Basics

Aaron Staines
NETWORK/SYSTEM ENGINEER | CCISO
 Module
Overview What Is the OSI Model (Overview)
Physical Layer of OSI Model
Data Layer of OSI Model
Network Layer of OSI Model
 Module
Overview Transport Layer of OSI Model
Session Layer of OSI Model
Presentation Layer of OSI Model
Application Layer of OSI Model
OSI Model Overview
OSI Model Overview

Layer 7 Application

Layer 6 Presentation

Layer 5 Session

Layer 4 Transport

Layer 3 Network

Layer 2 Data

Layer 1 Physical
What Is the Physical Layer of the OSI Model
What Is the Physical Layer of the OSI Model

Physical Issues – Cables/Equipment

Electrical Current as Data
Old School Telegraph
Hub – Don’t Use
What Is the Physical Layer of the OSI Model
What Is the Data Layer of the OSI Model
What Is the Data Layer of the OSI Model

Switches Live Here Generally

Data - Frames
Uses MAC Addresses
MAC Table – Maps MAC to Port
What Is the Data Layer of the OSI Model

ARP – IP to MAC Address

What Is the Data Layer of the OSI Model

192.168.1.4

192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2

192.168.1.3
What Is the Network Layer of the OSI Model
What Is the Network Layer of the OSI Model

Equipment – Routers / Firewalls / Switches

Firewalls Can Operate in Layers 3 – 7
Layer 3 Switch – Limited Layer 3
Layer 3 Switch – Cost Savings
What Is the Network Layer of the OSI Model

Other Equipment Types Exist

IP Addressing Lives Here
Layer 3 Has Protocols
What Is the Transport Layer of the OSI Model
What Is the Transport Layer of the OSI Model

Responsible – Transportation / Ports

Reliable Transportation
2 Port Types – TCP / UDP
What Is the Session Layer of the OSI Model
What Is the Session Layer of the OSI Model

Old School Switchboard Operators

Establish The Session
Maintain The Session
Reconnect Session
What Is the Session Layer of the OSI Model

Terminate Session
Session Termination – Not Always By Choice
2 Year Old – Destroy Sessions
What Is the Presentation Layer of the OSI Model
What Is the Presentation Layer of the OSI Model

3 Critical Functions
1. Makes Code Useable for Application Layer
2. Compresses Data – Think Zipping a File
3. Encryption – Obfuscation of Data
What Is the Application Layer of the OSI Model
What Is the Application Layer of the OSI Model

Where Users See Issues

Start at Layer 1
Work through the Layers until Resolution
Module
Review OSI Cake
Acronym – All People Seem To Need Data Processing

Physical Layer – Current / Don’t Use Hubs

Data Layer – Switches / MAC Addresses
Module Network Layer – Routers / Firewalls / IP
Review Transport Layer – Virtual Train / Ports
Session Layer – Modern Day Switchboard
Presentation Layer – Usable Data / Encrypt
Application Layer – Users Notice Issues Here