How Space Technology Applications

Contributed to Combating COVID -19:

Development of LAPAN Hub COVID -19
 Guidance in Illustrations of
How Space Technology Applications Contributed to
Combating COVID-19: Development of LAPAN Hub COVID-19.

Created by:
Andi Ibrahim

In collaboration:
National Institute of Aeronautics and Space of Indonesia (LAPAN)
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP)

2021
 How Space Technology Applications Contributed to Combating

COVID -19: Development of LAPAN Hub COVID -19

Data relating to the hazards of

the COVID-19 pandemic can be
obtained based on information
on the source of virus related to
the location of the infected
COVID-19 patients (confirmed
cases).

Not only for the infected COVID-

19 patients (confirmed cases)
data, but also the number of
suspected people, the number of
probable cases, the number of
people in close contact, and the
number of travellers.
 How Space Technology Applications Contributed to Combating

COVID -19: Development of LAPAN Hub COVID -19

Information on COVID-19 at the

village or sub-district level is
obtained from the Ministry of
Ministry of Health
Health.

These data are in tabular data

on the related website and have
not yet become spatial data
 How Space Technology Applications Contributed to Combating

COVID -19: Development of LAPAN Hub COVID -19

A joint table analysis process is

performed on the tabular data with a
digital map of the administrative
boundaries at the village or sub-district
level (in the polygon format type).

Furthermore, the data is then

transformed into spatial information
using GIS software. Thus, the vector
data points are obtained.
 How Space Technology Applications Contributed to Combating

COVID -19: Development of LAPAN Hub COVID -19

Mid Point Value

The spline interpolation approach is used

to interpolate midpoint value which
represents the number of all cases and
possibility related to COVID-19.

POINT
Point interpolation using the spline INTERPOLATION
approach can be used to find a
prediction function that satisfies the
exact interpolation. This approach
seeks a smoothness function, so it helps
to reach a good interpolation. SPLINE INTERPOLATION
APPROACH
 How Space Technology Applications Contributed to Combating

COVID -19: Development of LAPAN Hub COVID -19

Data standardisation is performed using

the fuzzy set membership function.

Christodoulou et all, 2012

This function is usually used to convert FSM FUNCTION

the yield value of each parameter or SAME UNIFORMITY
variable used, so it has the same LIMIT
uniformity limit and value scale standard
YIELD
and an absolute value with a minimum VALUE
value of 0 and a maximum of 1.
VALUE SCALE
STANDARD
 How Space Technology Applications Contributed to Combating

COVID -19: Development of LAPAN Hub COVID -19

MAX VALUE

In this activity, the linear fuzzy

LINEAR transformation function is used by
FUNCTION applying a linear function between the
minimum and maximum values that
have been determined by the user.

MIN VALUE

TABULAR POINT
DATA VECTOR
The practice of how to produce hazard
assessment spatially is by converting
tabular data into point with value in it
and process it to spatial distribution of
COVID-19 hazard using spline NORMALIZED HAZARD
interpolation and fuzzy set membership. HAZARD ASSESMENT
Voila, the hazard potential zone is POTENTIAL SPATIALLY
obtained. ZONE
 How Space Technology Applications Contributed to Combating

COVID -19: Development of LAPAN Hub COVID -19

The vulnerability factor in COVID-19 can

occur for several reasons. The factor
which can affect vulnerability include
public facilities, port, airport, bus station
and many more

Those parameters can be obtained with

spatial and remote sensing data. For
example, remote sensing data can
collect the information related to built-
up area using Built Up Index equation.
 How Space Technology Applications Contributed to Combating

COVID -19: Development of LAPAN Hub COVID -19

Built Up Index (BUI) obtained from

normalized difference build index (NDBI)
subtract to normalized difference
vegetation index (NDVI).

NDBI NDVI

BUI is needed to determine which are

settlement areas and which are not. By
considering the assumption that, if there
is a settlement means many people
interacted with each other there.
 How Space Technology Applications Contributed to Combating

COVID -19: Development of LAPAN Hub COVID -19

These factors are then weighted to find

out what factor which increases the risk
of COVID-19 vulnerability the most. The
method used to determine the weighting
is Analytical Hierarchy Process method.

The overlay process is then carried out using

GIS software which aims to see the spatial
distribution vulnerability of COVID-19
 How Space Technology Applications Contributed to Combating

COVID -19: Development of LAPAN Hub COVID -19

The large-scale social restriction policy

allows people to do all their activity at
home such as Work From Home and
Study From Home. These are the key to
succeed social or physical distancing,
which can affect the increase or
decrease in the spread of COVID-19.

Some of the data that can be used for

these parameters are the locations or
areas that have applied these
restrictions by local government policy
with several conditions and assumptions.
 How Space Technology Applications Contributed to Combating

COVID -19: Development of LAPAN Hub COVID -19

Furthermore, this information can be

used to develop capacity zones of the
large-scale social restriction policy
implementation.

Three policy scenarios are set up for this

analysis. Three scenarios are used to
identify potential risks of COVID-19 based SCENARIO 2
on the key to the success of the social
restriction policy, are:
Scenario 1 is social high-restriction policy, SCENARIO 1 SCENARIO 3
scenario 2 is social low-restriction policy,
and scenario 3 is no-restriction policy.
 How Space Technology Applications Contributed to Combating

COVID -19: Development of LAPAN Hub COVID -19

Capacity assessment is conducted by

weighting the parameters using
Analytical Hierarchy Process method. It is
a method for decision making to support
model that is able to break down a
complex multi-factor or multicriteria
problem into a hierarchy.

The administrative boundary in vector WEIGHTING

data and weighting criteria for several CRITERIA
social restriction categories are used to
produce capacity zone in GIS software.
Finally, capacity zone in raster format
type is obtained ADIMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY ZONE
BOUNDARY
 How Space Technology Applications Contributed to Combating

COVID -19: Development of LAPAN Hub COVID -19

A COVID-19 risk assessment framework is needed to

provide information and spatial identification of
areas that are currently at high risk, and to minimize
THE FORMULA OF RISK ASSESSMENT the spread of the virus to the scale of regional
administration. COVID-19 risk determination is
obtained by formulating the calculation of Hazard,
VULNERABILITY Vulnerability, and Capacity.
RISK = HAZARD *
CAPACITY

It is then combined and calculated based on

the weighting mechanism for each WEIGHTING
parameter and risk component. MECHANISM
 How Space Technology Applications Contributed to Combating

COVID -19: Development of LAPAN Hub COVID -19

The model is used in this course for determining the

risk of COVID-19. That model has been developed
and combined with weight of the risk component
MODEL FOR DETERMINING
for Hazard, Vulnerability, and Capacity.
THE RISK OF COVID-19
0.54*VULNERABILITY
RISK = 0.27*HAZARD*
0.19*CAPACITY

Hazard, Vulnerability, and Capacity zone in

raster file that have been obtained then
combined and calculated into the model
given. Thus, risk potential zone of COVID-19 is
generated.
0.54*VULNERABILITY
RISK = 0.27*HAZARD*
0.19*CAPACITY
 How Space Technology Applications Contributed to Combating

COVID -19: Development of LAPAN Hub COVID -19

The results of determining the potential risk of

COVID-19 that is then presented on Hub platform,
known as the LAPAN Hub COVID-19. It can be
accessed through a web browser
https://covid19.lapan.go.id/.

The platform is built as a portal for remote

sensing applications to map the areas at risk
in the spread of COVID-19 and website-based
GIS. The advantage of the platform is the
information related to COVID-19 presented in
near-real time.
2021