TAKSHASILA PUBLIC SCHOOL

L a l l a gu d a , s e c u n d e r a b ad – 1 7
SUB J EC T :SC I ENC E
C H:2 : NUT R I T I ON I N ANI MALS
GR ADE: VI I
Definitions

1. Ingestion:- The process of taking food into the body is called ingestion it takes place
through mouth and buccal cavity.
2. Digestion:- The process of breaking down of complex components of food into simpler
substance by digestive enzymes is called digestion.
3. Absorption:- The digestive food passes into the blood vessels through the walls of the
small intestine .This is called absorption.
4. Assimilation:- The absorbed food is used to build Complex substances such as proteins
required by our body this is called assimilation.
5. Egestion:-The faecal matter/ undigested food is removed through the anus from the
time to time is called egestion.
6. Rumination:- The cud or the partially digested food returns to the mouth in small lumps
and animal chew it. This process is called rumination and these animals are called
ruminants
7. Peristalsis:- The muscular movement [contraction and relaxation] of oesophageal wall
to push the food down to our stomach in a wave like action is called peristalsis.

Question and answers

1. Name some modes of feeding.
Ans: Scraping, chewing, siphoning , capturing swallowing, sponging and sucking are
some modes of feeding.
2. What are villi? What is their location and function?
Ans:The inner wall of the small intestine has thousands of fingers like projections called
villi.
The villi increases the surface area for absorption. Each villus has a network of thin and
small blood vessels close to it surface the surface of the villi absorb the digested food.
3. Where is bile produced? Which component of food does it help to digest ?
Ans: Liver is the largest digestive gland in the body. It secrets bile juice that is stored in a
sac like structure called gallbladder. The bile plays an important role in the digestion of
fats.
4. Name the type of carbohydrate that can be digested by ruminants but not by
humans. Give reason also
Ans : The type of carbohydrate that can be digest by ruminants is called cellulose. It
cannot be digested by humans because the digestive enzyme called cellulase, is not
present in human digestive system where as ruminants contain certain type of bacteria
that can be digest cellulose in the food.
5. What are pseudopodia?
Ans: Pseudopodia are finger like extensions of the cell membrane of amoeba. These are
used to capture food and also for movement.
6. Write few similarities and differences between the nutrition and Amoeba and human
beings
Ans: SIMILARITIES
1. Both require energy for growth and maintenance of the body which they get from
the food the eat.
2. The food taken by them is in complex form which is broken down into simple form
during digestion.
3. Both are heterotrophic organisms
DIFFERENCES

Human beings Amoeba

1. They have a mouth and complex 1. Mouth and digestive system are
digestive system absent

2.Digestive juices as secreted by 2. Digestive juices are secreted in the

buccal cavity stomach and small
intestine
3. Carbohydrates proteins fats are
digested in separate regions
food vacuole
3. All the food components are
digested in the food vacuole

7.What happens the food in the following parts of human beings a)Stomach b)Small
intestine?
Ans: Food in Stomach :
●The food stays in the stomach for few minutes to few hours.
The inner lining of the stomach secrets mucus, hydrochloric acid and gastric juices.
●The mucus protects the inner lining of the stomach, the acid kills the bacteria that
enters along with the food.
● The gastric juices breakdown proteins into simpler substances. Thus the food gets
partially digested in the stomach
Food in Small Intestine :
The food in the small intestine get digested by a digestive juices like intestinal juice,
pancreatic juice and bile juice.
●The bile juice and intestinal juice breakup fats and convert them into fatty acid and
glycerol.
● The pancreatic juice change the starch into simple sugar and proteins into amino
acids.
● Thus digestion is completed in small intestine and then it is absorbed by villi on the
walls of the small intestine
Higher order thinking skills(HOTS)
1.Why do we get instant energy from glucose?
Ans: Glucose is a simple sugar. It can be easily absorbed into blood and can provide
instant energy to the body
2. Can we survive only on leafy vegetable/grass. Why?
Ans: We cannot survive on raw leafy vegetable/ grass because they contain cellulose
which cannot be digested by human body as we do not have cellulase enzyme

Activity
Draw / Paste Human Digestive system