1.

This term from the English language in Canada means a tool whose purpose is
to punch a hole in the ice. Such a hole can be used including fishing, trapping
beaver or take the cup of ice to fill the coolers.
The tool “Tranche” was used by trappers, travelers, hunters for their personal use
or for barter practice with Aboriginal people. At the time of the fur trade at the
beginning of British rule in Canada, the term “chisel” and “ice chisel” was used by
the English traders to designate this tool.

2. Many of the fur trader’s journals or letters made references to the ecology of the
mountains, but none of them mentioned seeing moose.

3. Fur traders were walking trails that connected bodies of water or bypassed a
section of water that voyagers could not paddle through because of obstacles. If
they were traveling with canoe, they had to carry, on foot, all the cargo from the
canoe as well as the canoe itself which is called “portaging”.

4. The word “crazy” was described by fur traders to something that was cracked or
patched and these referred to canoes or boats that had been repaired. It could
also be referred to patched footwear or clothing.

5. The fur traders were not highly enamored of the military officers they
encountered. They thought them a bit sissy and that gold and silver braid
decoration on military uniform was a bit over.

6. The canoe carried 65 bundles of goods to trade as well as food for the trip, their
personal belongings, an ax, a kettle, and material to repair the canoe. The canoe
itself weighed 300 lbs (136 kg) adding to the weight the voyageurs carried over a
portage. Each bundle weighed 40 kg (90 lbs.). At the end of the day, there was
still much for them to do. After their meal, they would make repairs to their
equipment or canoe. When they were finished all of the work, they told stories
and sang songs until it was time to sleep. So I would think that fur traders were
very exhausted throughout the day.

7. During the fur trade, marriage a'la facon du pays, or marriage in the manner of
the country, was a marital relationship between Native women and European fur
traders. The best interests of both parties were served. Very simply put, fur
traders gained helpmates to cement alliances and make a monotonous life more
bearable.
 8. The fur trader knew what a factor was, it is the manager of a fur trading post or
chief trader because they ran the trading posts, provided trade goods, paid the
traders, and established good relations with native people who did the actual fur
trapping.

9. The fur traders called these kettles as cooking pots because kettles was usually
a round metal pots made of cast iron with a handle which were more durable and
transported better than those made from clay.
This type became more popular than others because the lid permitted food to be
cooked more quickly and kept the contents cleaner in the outdoors. They were
traded by the Hudson’s Bay Company and were used well into the 20th century.

10. Rum was important as milk, because fur traders gave alcohol to the Indians in
exchange for their furs. Alcohol increased their profits. And also, fur traders were
hard drinkers and it was the drink of choice.

References:
River Trenche Facts for Kids. (2022). Kiddle Encyclopedia. https://kids.kiddle.co/River_Trenche

HBC Heritage — Life of a Voyageur. (2016). HBC Heritage.

http://www.hbcheritage.ca/classroom/virtual-museum/fur-trade-nation/life-of-a-voyageur

C. (2021, December 3). Fur Trade Words and Phrases. FunTrivia, Inc.

https://www.funtrivia.com/trivia-quiz/History/Fur-Trade-Words-and-Phrases-220506.html

B. (2019, April 1). Women in the fur trade, and marriage “a’ la facon du pays”. La Compagnie

(HSP). http://www.hsp-mn.org/women-in-the-fur-trade-and-marriage-a-la-facon-du-pays/