RISK PERCEPTION, ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

WHAT IS A RISK?

Risk is the possibility of something bad happening. Risk involves uncertainty about the

effects/implications of an activity with respect to something that humans value (such as health, well-
being, wealth, property or the environment), often focusing on negative, undesirable consequences.

RISK PERCEPTION

Risk perception refers to people’s subjective judgments about the likelihood of negative
occurrences such as injury, illness, disease, and death. Risk perception is important in health and risk
communication because it determines which hazards people care about and how they deal with them.
Risk perception has two main dimensions: the cognitive dimension, which relates to how much people
know about and understand risks, and the emotional dimension, which relates to how they feel about
them.

WHY DO A RISK ASSESSMENT?

It will protect your workers and your business, as well as complying with law. As for when to do
a risk assessment, it should simply be conducted before you or any other employees conduct some work
which presents a risk of injury or ill-health.

Risk assessment is the process of evaluating risks to workers’ safety and health from workplace
hazards. It is a systematic examination of all aspects of work that considers:

 What could cause injury or harm,

 Whether the hazards could be eliminated and, if not,

 What preventive or protective measures are, or should be, in place to control the risks.

WHAT IS RISK MANAGEMENT?

It is the process of identifying, assessing, and controlling threats to an organization’s capital and
earnings. These threats, or risks, could stem from a wide variety of sources, including financial
uncertainty, legal liabilities, strategic management errors, accidents and natural disasters
WHAT IS HAZARD?

“A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or
someone.” The CSA Z1002 Standard "Occupational health and safety Hazard identification and
elimination and risk assessment and control"

USES THE FOLLOWING TERMS:

Harm – physical injury or damage to health.

Hazard – a potential source of harm to a worker.

Basically, a hazard is the potential for harm or an adverse effect (for example, to people as health effects,
to organizations as property or equipment losses, or to the environment).

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

Hazard identification is part of the process used to evaluate if any particular situation, item, thing, etc.
may have the potential to cause harm. The term often used to describe the full process is risk assessment:

 Identify hazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm (hazard identification).

 Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with that hazard (risk analysis, and risk evaluation).

 Determine appropriate ways to eliminate the hazard, or control the risk when the hazard cannot be
eliminated (risk control).

 Overall, the goal of hazard identification is to find and record possible hazards that may be
present in your workplace.

 It may help to work as a team and include both people familiar with the work area, as well as
people who are not this way you have both the experienced and fresh eye to conduct the
inspection.

WHEN SHOULD HAZARD IDENTIFICATION BE DONE?

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION CAN BE DONE:

 During design and implementation

 Designing a new process or procedure

  Purchasing and installing new machinery before tasks are done

 Checking equipment or following processes

 Reviewing surroundings before each shift while tasks are being done

 Be aware of changes, abnormal conditions, or sudden emissions during inspections

 Formal, informal, supervisor, health and safety committee after incidents

 Near misses or minor events Injuries

HAPPENINGS/EVENTS RELATED ON HAZARDS

 Taal Eruption The eruption of Taal Volcano in Batangas, Philippines on January 12, 2020, was a
phreatomagmatic eruption from its main crater that spewed ashes across Calabarzon, Metro
Manila, and some parts of Central Luzon and Ilocos Region, resulting in the suspension of school
classes, work schedules, and flights in the area. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology (PHIVOLCS) subsequently issued an Alert Level 4, indicating "that a hazardous
explosive eruption is possible within hours to days.“

 By January 26, the PHIVOLCS observed an inconsistent, but decreasing volcanic activity in Taal,
prompting the agency to downgrade its warning to Alert Level 3. It was until February 14, when
the PHIVOLCS finally decided to downgrade the volcano's warning to Alert Level 2, due to its
decreasing volcanic activity.

HAZARDOUS VOLCANIC EVENTS

There are several kinds of events caused from volcanic action that can be harmful to life and
property. These include lava flows, lahars, ash falls, debris avalanches, and pyroclastic density currents.

List of Volcanic Hazards

 Pyroclastic Density Currents (pyroclastic flows and surges)

 Lahars

 Structural Collapse: Debris flow

  Avalanches

 Dome Collapse and the formation of pyroclastic flows and surges

 Lava flows

 Tephra fall and ballistic projectiles

 Volcanic gas

 Tsunamis

 Volcanic Lightning

TAAL VOLCANO HAZARD MAPS AND SUMMARY OF PRONE BARANGAYS

RISK ASSESSMENT OF TAAL VOLCANO

TAAL HAZARD MAPS LIST OF BARANGAYS 

1. Taal Volcano Base Surge Hazard Map Summary of Barangays Prone to Taal Base Surge

2. Taal Volcano Tsunami and Fissuring Hazards Map Summary of Barangays Prone to Taal Volcanic Tsunami

3. Taal Volcano Ballistic Projectiles Hazard Map  Summary of Barangays Prone to Taal Ballistic Projectile
IF YOU ARE UNDER A VOLCANO WARNING:

 Listen for emergency information and alerts.

 Follow evacuation or shelter orders.

 If advised to evacuate, then do so early.

 Avoid areas downstream of the eruption.

 Protect yourself from falling ash.

 Do not drive in heavy ash fall.

 Cloth masks help prevent the spread of COVID-19, but they will not adequately protect you from
inhaling ash for longer periods of time like a respirator will.

 Respirators, like an N-95, are not meant to fit children. Due to COVID-19, it may be difficult to
find respirators, such as N-95s.

 Reduce your ash exposure by doing the following: Limit your time outdoors and use a dust mask
or cloth mask as a last resort.

 Avoid areas downwind and river valleys downstream of the volcano.

 Take temporary shelter from volcanic ash where you are.

 Cover ventilation openings and seal doors and windows.

 Avoid driving in heavy ash.

 If you must drive, keep the windows up and do not use the air conditioning system.

 Do not get on your roof to remove ash.

 If you have any breathing problems, avoid contact with ash and stay indoors until authorities say
it is safe to go outside

CORONA VIRUS
  Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered
coronavirus.

 Most people who fall sick with COVID-19 will experience mild to moderate symptoms and
recover without special treatment.

HOW IT SPREADS?

 The virus that causes COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through droplets generated when an
infected person coughs, sneezes, or exhales.

 These droplets are too heavy to hang in the air, and quickly fall on floors or surfaces.

 You can be infected by breathing in the virus if you are within close proximity of someone who
has COVID-19, or by touching a contaminated surface and then your eyes, nose or mouth.

SYMPTOMS OF COVID

COVID-19

Affects different people in different ways. Most infected people will develop mild to moderate
illness and recover without hospitalization.

MOST COMMON SYMPTOMS:

 fever

 dry cough

 tiredness

LESS COMMON SYMPTOMS:

 aches and pains

 sore throat

 diarrhoea
  conjunctivitis

 headache

 loss of taste or smell

 a rash on skin, or discolouration of fingers or toes

WAYS TO PREVENT COVID 19 VIRUS?

 Protect yourself and others around you by knowing the facts and taking appropriate precautions.
Follow advice provided by your local health authority.

 To prevent the spread of COVID-19:

 Clean your hands often. Use soap and water, or an alcohol based hand rub.

 Maintain a safe distance from anyone who is coughing or sneezing.

 Wear a mask when physical distancing is not possible.

 Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth.

 Cover your nose and mouth with your bent elbow or a tissue when you cough or sneeze.

 Stay home if you feel unwell.

 If you have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical attention.

 Calling in advance allows your healthcare provider to quickly direct you to the right health
facility. This protects you, and prevents the spread of viruses and other infections.

MASKS

Masks can help prevent the spread of the virus from the person wearing the mask to others.
Masks alone do not protect against COVID-19, and should be combined with physical distancing and
hand hygiene. Follow the advice provided by your local health authority.

RISK ASSESSMENT DURING THE CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) PANDEMIC

 As an employer, you must protect people from harm. This includes taking reasonable steps to
protect your workers and others from coronavirus. This is called a COVID-19 risk assessment and it'll
help you manage risk and protect people.

YOU MUST:

 identify what work activity or situations might cause transmission of the virus

 think about who could be at risk

 decide how likely it is that someone could be exposed

 act to remove the activity or situation, or if this isn't possible, control the risk

ORGANIZATIONS RELATED TO HAZARDS AND RISKS

1. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) is a Philippine national

institution dedicated to provide information on the activities of volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis, as
well as other specialized information and services primarily for the protection of life and property and in
support of economic, productivity, and sustainable development. It is one of the service agencies of the
Department of Science and Technology.

2. The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAG ASA) is
the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) agency of the Philippines mandated to
provide protection against natural calamities and to insure the safety, well-being and economic security of
all the people, and for the promotion of national progress by undertaking scientific and technological
services in meteorology, hydrology, climatology, astronomy and other geophysical sciences. Created on
December 8, 1972 by reorganizing the Weather Bureau, PAGASA now serves as one of the Scientific and
Technological Services Institutes of the Department of Science and Technology.

3. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), formerly known as the
National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC), is a working group of various government, non-
government, civil sector and private sector organizations of the Government of the Republic of the
Philippines established by Republic Act 10121 of 2010. It is administered by the Office of Civil Defense
(OCD) under the Department of National Defense (DND). The Council is responsible for ensuring the
protection and welfare of the people during disasters or emergencies. The NDRRMC plans and leads the
guiding activities in the field of communication, warning signals, emergency, transportation, evacuation,
rescue, engineering, health and rehabilitation, public education and auxiliary services such as fire fighting
and the police in the country. The Council utilizes the UN Cluster Approach in disaster management.

4. The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for
international public health. The WHO Constitution, which establishes the agency's governing structure
and principles, states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of
health". It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, with six semi-autonomous regional offices and 150
field offices worldwide.