segments separate occupied regions from unoccupied ones in the nth band.

For example,
points in the reciprocal space that lie within at least one sphere correspond to occupied
states in the first zone (1st band). Points within at least two spheres correspond to
occupied states in the second zone (2nd band), with similar results for points in three or
more spheres. Hence, the construction of the FS arising from the various bands is
reduced to the construction of Fermi spheres and counting them at a particular point or
region.

Fig. 13.10 shows Harrison's construction of the FS for a square lattice in the free-
electron approximation when the Fermi sphere extends to the 4BZ. It shows the second,
third, and fourth bands in the periodic zone scheme. Here the 1 B Z has been constructed
in two ways. The first is the usual 1 B Z , which contains one lattice point at its center and
is called the 1 B Z of type (a) for convenience. The second construction of the 1 B Z has
lattice points at the corners and is called the 1 B Z of type (b). The first band fills the
whole of the 1 B Z . The FS of the second band in the 1 B Z of type (a) represents a hole
pocket with a lattice point at its center, while in the 1 B Z of type (b) it consists of hole
pockets at the corners of the 1 B Z (see Fig. 13.10). The FS of the third band consists of
four electron pockets, each at the corner of the 1 B Z of type (a), but forming a rosette at
the center of the 1 B Z of type (b). The FS of the fourth band consists of four electron
pockets at the corners of the