BY: ANTONETTE MAE C RABUYA

GEOLOGY
AND SOILS
ARCHITECTURAL PLANNING
 SOIL AND GEOLOGY
Why is it important?

Within a given climatic regime, soil properties are the major

control over ecosystem distribution and processes source of
2 of the 3 major plant resources (H2O & nutrients)
Provide a physical support system (i.e., rooting medium) for
plants, and habitat for soil micro-, meso- and
macroorganisms .
Soil physical/chemical/biological properties influence
ecosystems which, in turn, influence soil physical/chemical/
biological properties .
Weathering (parent rocks/minerals → more stable forms)

PHYSICAL CHEMICAL SOURCES

Disintegration of
Minerals in parent
parent material Important source
material and soils
into smaller and of nutrients (P, K,
react with acidic
smaller particles Ca, Mg; but not
and oxidizing
(no chemical N)
agents to change
change) •
chemical form
Important for soil
structure
TEXTURE

Texture is the term used to describe

the composite size of particles in soil
sample.
There are several basic terms for
texture.

LOAM
40% Sand
40% Silt
20% Clay
SOIL COMPOSITION

MINERAL PARTICLES
01 Greatest volume

ORGANIC MATTER
02 Varies radically in soil

WATER
03 Mostly occupies spaces between particles.

Air
04 Occupies remaining spaces that is not occupied by water PERCENTAGE OF COMPONENTS
 Soil Erosion Prevention

SOIL EROSION
When rocks are broken down (weathered) into small fragments, and carried by wind, water,
ice and gravity.

FOUR FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN FORECASTING EROSION RATES

SLOPE SIZE
VEGETATION SOIL INTENSITY
AND
TYPE OF RAIN
INCLINATION
SOIL EROSION PREVENTION

VEGETATION

Foliage intercepts Cover density in form

raindrops and organic Roots bind together of ground cover or
litter on the ground aggregates of soil tree canopy,
reduces impact of particles decreases soil loss to
raindrops runoff
SOIL EROSION PREVENTION

SOIL TYPE

To erode clay, the Similarly, high velocities

Intermediate textures velocity of the runoff would be needed to
like sand will usually should be high enough move masses of pebbles
yield (erode) first. to overcome cohesive and particles larger
forces that bind than those of
the particles together. sand.
SOIL EROSION PREVENTION

SLOPES

The velocity of runoff Slopes that are both Slope also influences
is closely related to steep and long produce the quantity of runoff
the slope of the the greatest erosion since long slopes collect
ground over which it because they generate more rainfall and thus
flows. runoff that is high in generate a larger
velocity and mass. volume of runoff.
SOIL EROSION PREVENTION

FREQUENCY AND INTENSITY OF RAINFALL

Intensive rainfalls
Accordingly, the incidence of storms plus
produced by
total annual rainfall can be a reliable
thunderstorms
measure of the effectiveness of rainfall
promote the highest
in promoting soil erosion.
rates of erosion.
VEGETATION
ARCHITECTURAL PLANNING
 VEGETATION

VISUAL ENHANCEMENT
Vegetation strengthens the appearance of the
installation and improves the users’ quality of life.

WIND CONTROL
Strategic placement of trees and shrubs helps to
break, guide, and deflect wind currents.

EROSION CONTROL
Ground cover and turf reduce the amount of soil
surface binds the soil, thereby reducing erosion
potential.

Vegetation consists of trees, shrubs, ground covers, annuals, perennials, vines, and turf.
NOISE REDUCTION CLIMATE MODIFICATION
Dense foliage and earth berms effectively Vegetation helps reduce temperatures by
reduce noise levels by absorbing sound shading the ground and by the cooling
waves. effect of water emitted from its foliage.
Plants as Architecture Plants with respect to
architecture can perform two roles. They can
complement and reinforce the existing architecture of
the house or structure, and they can create outdoor
rooms.
Trees, shrubs and ground covers can be used to
emphasize the desirable architectural lines and masses
of the house. The form and branching pattern of
particular trees and shrubs can echo the vertical,
horizontal and diagonal roof and wall lines of a house.
Thus, a pleasing, unifies and harmonious appearance
can result.
HYDROLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL PLANNING
 HYDROLOGY

Hydrology is an extremely important

field of study, dealing with one of
the most valuable resources on
Earth: water. All aspects of the
Earth’s available water are studied
by experts from many disciplines,
from geologists to engineers, to
obtain the information needed to
manage this vital resource.
The field of hydrology consists not only of studying the natural distribution and movement of water,
it is also concerned with the impact of human activities on water quality and with problems in water
management. People use water for many purposes. In their homes, people use water for drinking,
cooking, cleaning, and bathing. Many industries have a great need for water. In agriculture, water
is used for the irrigation of farmland and for livestock. Water in many dams is used to produce
hydroelectric power. The list of human uses for water is virtually endless.
CLIMATE
AND SITE
ARCHITECTURAL PLANNING
 NATURAL
Natural integrants of garden and landscape
design include earth, rock, water, and plants.
PHYSICAL
COMPONENT
EARTH

As a base for design, earth is the floor of

landscape spaces, the root medium in which half
of every plant lives, the foundation for
structures, the vehicle for surface and
subsurface drainage of excess water, and a
sculptural material in its own right.
As a floor, earth can be seen as an abstract surface. If apparently level, with just
enough slope for drainage, it is ready to be covered with paving, grass, ground cover,
or other planting, which is necessary to prevent dust in dry weather and mud in wet
weather; if sloping or irregular, earthwork may be necessary to conform to new
construction or to the design plan, to provide adequate drainage, or in order to relate
properly to neighbouring topography and views.
Climate

To best accommodate the climate conditions

of temperate regions, it is necessary to
consider more substantial seasonal variations.
It is advantageous to maximize the warming
effect of the sun in winter and maximize
shade during the summer. Buildings should be
protected away from winter winds. Summer
breezes should be directed toward the
buildings. A prototypical landscape design for
temperate climate regions could include the
use of high-canopy, high-branching
deciduous trees on the east and west sides of
the building
The key objective of landscape design in a
hot and dry zone is to maximize shade,
especially during the late morning and late
afternoon hours. In this connection, north and
south sides should avoid forestation, while the
eastern and western directions, shrubs, vines
have been placed on the walls and deciduous
trees should be implemented. Locating shade
trees to the east and west of the building can
help to maximize shade. Also, due to the high
altitude of the sun in the sky during hot
summer months. It is advantageous to locate
high-canopy deciduous trees immediately
adjacent to the building to maximize shading
of the roof.
 REFERENCE

SITE PLANNING
https://www.slideshare.net/xthianescala/site-planning-kevin-lynch?next_slideshow=1

BASIC SOIL COMPONENTS

https://climate-woodlands.extension.org/basic-soil-components/

VEGETATION
https://www.britannica.com/plant/vegetation-flora

A GUIDE TO SITE PLANNING

http://www.architecture-student.com/architecture/a-guide-to-site-planning/