Data Source World Development Indicators

Last Updated Date 9/16/2022

Country Name Country Code

Vietnam VNM
Indicator Name Indicator Code 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
Real interest rate (%) FR.INR.RINR
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971
1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977
1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
12.57720782
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
10.49086664 7.335321062 5.110478713 6.587522338 6.905766654 6.624035466
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
4.166937119 2.213057918 1.188922339 -6.552887405 2.401517261 1.413637869
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
-5.616335289 3.627881414 -20.49583415 -3.678159614 4.023433217 6.086109197
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
4.789234858 8.990994629 5.04813258 2.5913875 3.828783173 5.735638537
2020 2021
5.936710542 4.90642463
Country Name Country C Indicator Indicator 1996 1997 1998 1999
United States USA Real intere FR.INR.RI 6.32 6.60 7.15 6.49
Thailand THA Real intere FR.INR.RI 8.93 8.83 5.88 11.86
Vietnam VNM Real intere FR.INR.RI 10.49 7.34 5.11 6.59

2.61 2.23 -1.27 5.37

4.17 0.73 -2.04 0.09
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
6.81 4.57 3.07 2.11 1.61 2.96 4.73 5.21 3.11
6.42 5.25 0.95 -0.35 1.11 3.49 0.65
6.91 6.62 4.17 2.21 1.19 -6.55 2.40 1.41 -5.62

-0.40 0.69 -3.07 -2.11 -0.66 -3.31 -3.61 -1.72 -2.46

0.09 2.06 1.10 0.11 -0.42 -9.51 -2.32 -3.79 -8.73
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
2.59 2.02 1.15 1.35 1.47 1.35 2.24 2.48 2.16
4.57 0.24 1.28 3.22 3.22 3.46 3.98 1.79 2.47
3.63 -20.50 -3.68 4.02 6.09 4.79 8.99 5.05 2.59

1.98 -1.78 0.13 1.86 1.75 2.10 1.74 -0.70 0.31

1.04 -22.52 -4.83 2.67 4.61 3.43 6.75 2.56 0.43
2018 2019 2020 2021
2.46 3.43 2.31 -0.87
2.68 3.06 4.67 1.16
3.83 5.74 5.94 4.91

0.22 -0.38 2.36 2.03

1.37 2.30 3.63 5.78
Country Code Region IncomeGroup SpecialNotes
ABW Latin America & Cari High income
AFE 26
mustcountries, stretch
be accounted
for appropriately in
underlying statistics.
An alternative
estimate
(“alternative
conversion factor” -
PA.NUS.ATLS) is
thus calculated as a
weighted average of
the different
exchange rates in
use in the country.
Doing so better
reflects economic
reality and leads to
more accurate
cross-country
comparisons and
country
classifications by
income level. For
this country, this
applies to the period
1960-2006.
Alternative
conversion factors
are used in the Atlas
methodology and
elsewhere in World
Development
Indicators as single-
year conversion
AFG South Asia Low income factors.
AFW 22 countries, stretchi
AGO Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income The World Bank systema
ALB Europe & Central Asi Upper middle income
AND Europe & Central Asi High income
ARB Arab World aggregate
ARE Middle East & North AHigh income
ARG Latin America & Cari Upper middle income The World Bank systema
ARM Europe & Central Asi Upper middle income
ASM East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
ATG Latin America & Cari High income
AUS East Asia & Pacific High income The reporting period f
AUT Europe & Central Asi High income A simple multiplier is
AZE Europe & Central Asi Upper middle income
BDI Sub-Saharan Africa Low income The World Bank systema
BEL Europe & Central Asi High income A simple multiplier i
BEN Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
BFA Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
BGD South Asia Lower middle income The reporting period f
BGR Europe & Central Asi Upper middle income
BHR Middle East & North AHigh income
BHS Latin America & Cari High income
BIH Europe & Central Asi Upper middle income
BLR Europe & Central Asi Upper middle income Data before 2015 were adjusted to reflect the new
BLZ Latin America & Cari Upper middle income
BMU North America High income
BOL Latin America & Cari Lower middle income
BRA Latin America & Cari Upper middle income
BRB Latin America & Cari High income
BRN East Asia & Pacific High income
BTN South Asia Lower middle income
BWA Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income
CAF Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
CAN North America High income Fiscal year end: March
CEB Central Europe and th
CHE Europe & Central Asi High income
CHI Europe & Central Asi High income
CHL Latin America & Cari High income
 must be accounted
for appropriately in
underlying statistics.
An alternative
estimate
(“alternative
conversion factor” -
PA.NUS.ATLS) is
thus calculated as a
weighted average of
the different
exchange rates in
use in the country.
Doing so better
reflects economic
reality and leads to
more accurate
cross-country
comparisons and
country
classifications by
income level. For
this country, this
applies to the period
1978-1993.
Alternative
conversion factors
are used in the Atlas
methodology and
elsewhere in World
Development
Indicators as single-
year conversion
CHN East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income factors.
CIV Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
CMR Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
COD Sub-Saharan Africa Low income The World Bank systema
COG Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
COL Latin America & Cari Upper middle income
COM Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
CPV Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
CRI Latin America & Cari Upper middle income
CSS
CUB Latin America & Cari Upper middle income
CUW Latin America & Cari High income
CYM Latin America & Cari High income
CYP Europe & Central Asi High income A simple multiplier is
CZE Europe & Central Asi High income
DEU Europe & Central Asi High income A simple multiplier i
DJI Middle East & North ALower middle income
DMA Latin America & Cari Upper middle income
DNK Europe & Central Asi High income
DOM Latin America & Cari Upper middle income
DZA Middle East & North ALower middle income
EAP
EAR Early-dividend countri
EAS East Asia and Pacific
ECA
ECS Europe and Central Asi
ECU Latin America & Cari Upper middle income must be accounted
for appropriately in
underlying statistics.
An alternative
estimate
(“alternative
conversion factor” -
PA.NUS.ATLS) is
thus calculated as a
weighted average of
the different
exchange rates in
use in the country.
Doing so better
reflects economic
reality and leads to
more accurate
cross-country
comparisons and
country
classifications by
income level. For
this country, this
applies to the period
1965-2021.
Alternative
conversion factors
are used in the Atlas
methodology and
elsewhere in World
Development
Indicators as single-
year conversion
EGY Middle East & North ALower middle income factors.
EMU Euro area aggregate.
ERI Sub-Saharan Africa Low income The World Bank systema
ESP Europe & Central Asi High income A simple multiplier i
EST Europe & Central Asi High income The following irrevoca
ETH Sub-Saharan Africa Low income The reporting period f
EUU European Union aggre
FCS Fragile and conflict-af
FIN Europe & Central Asi High income A simple multiplier i
FJI East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
FRA Europe & Central Asi High income The following irrevoc
FRO Europe & Central Asi High income
FSM East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Fiscal year ends on Se
GAB Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income
GBR Europe & Central Asi High income
GEO Europe & Central Asi Upper middle income Includes self-governe
GHA Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income The World Bank systema
GIB Europe & Central Asi High income The DEC conversion is
GIN Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
GMB Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
GNB Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
GNQ Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income
GRC Europe & Central Asi High income A simple multiplier i
GRD Latin America & Cari Upper middle income
GRL Europe & Central Asi High income
GTM Latin America & Cari Upper middle income The World Bank systema
GUM East Asia & Pacific High income
GUY Latin America & Cari Upper middle income
HIC High income group ag
HKG East Asia & Pacific High income On 1 July 1997 China
HND Latin America & Cari Lower middle income The World Bank systema

The Heavily
Indebted Poor
Countries (HIPC)
refer to countries
that participated in
the HIPC Initiative,
launched in 1996 by
the IMF and World
Bank to reduce
external debt
burdens of the most
heavily indebted
poor countries at
that time to
sustainable levels.
To date, the majority
of the countries
completed the
program, receiving
76 billion in debt-
service relief over
time. For more
details, visit
https://www.imf.org/
en/About/Factsheets
/Sheets/2016/08/01/
16/11/Debt-Relief-
Under-the-Heavily-
Indebted-Poor-
Countries-Initiative.
Data are aggregates
HPC for HIPC.
HRV Europe & Central Asi High income
HTI Latin America & Cari Lower middle income The reporting period f
HUN Europe & Central Asi High income
IBD IBRD only group aggr
IBT IDA and IBRD total gr
IDA IDA total group aggre
IDB IDA blend group aggr
IDN East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Fiscal year end: Marc
IDX IDA only group aggre
IMN Europe & Central Asi High income Classification for yea
IND South Asia Lower middle income The reporting period f
IRL Europe & Central Asi High income A simpleexists
activity multiplier
and i
must be accounted
for appropriately in
underlying statistics.
An alternative
estimate
(“alternative
conversion factor” -
PA.NUS.ATLS) is
thus calculated as a
weighted average of
the different
exchange rates in
use in the country.
Doing so better
reflects economic
reality and leads to
more accurate
cross-country
comparisons and
country
classifications by
income level. For
this country, this
applies to 1972-
2021. Alternative
conversion factors
are used in the Atlas
methodology and
elsewhere in World
Development
Indicators as single-
year conversion
IRN Middle East & North ALower middle income factors.
IRQ Middle East & North AUpper middle income
ISL Europe & Central Asi High income
ISR Middle East & North AHigh income
ITA Europe & Central Asi High income A simple multiplier is
JAM Latin America & Cari Upper middle income
JOR Middle East & North AUpper middle income
JPN East Asia & Pacific High income Fiscal year end: March
KAZ Europe & Central Asi Upper middle income
KEN Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Fiscal year end: June
KGZ Europe & Central Asi Lower middle income
KHM East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income The World Bank systema
KIR East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
KNA Latin America & Cari High income
KOR East Asia & Pacific High income
KWT Middle East & North AHigh income
LAC
LAO East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income The World Bank systema
LBN Middle East & North ALower middle income The World Bank systema
LBR Sub-Saharan Africa Low income National accounts data
LBY Middle East & North AUpper middle income
LCA Latin America & Cari Upper middle income
LCN
LDC
LIC Low income group agg
LIE Europe & Central Asi High income
LKA South Asia Lower middle income
LMC Lower middle income
LMY Low and middle-incom
LSO Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Fiscal year end: March
LTE Late-dividend countrie
LTU Europe & Central Asi High income A simple multiplier is
LUX Europe & Central Asi High income A simple multiplier i
LVA Europe & Central Asi High income A simple multiplier i
MAC East Asia & Pacific High income On 20 December 1999
MAF Latin America & Cari High income
MAR Middle East & North ALower middle income
MCO Europe & Central Asi High income
MDA Europe & Central Asi Upper middle income Excluding Transnistri
MDG Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
MDV South Asia Upper middle income
MEA Middle East and North
MEX Latin America & Cari Upper middle income
MHL East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Fiscal year ends on S
MIC Middle income group
MKD Europe & Central Asi Upper middle income
MLI Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
MLT Middle East & North AHigh income A simple multiplier is
 must be accounted
for appropriately in
underlying statistics.
An alternative
estimate
(“alternative
conversion factor” -
PA.NUS.ATLS) is
thus calculated as a
weighted average of
the different
exchange rates in
use in the country.
Doing so better
reflects economic
reality and leads to
more accurate
cross-country
comparisons and
country
classifications by
income level. For
this country, this
applies to the period
1960-2014.
Alternative
conversion factors
are used in the Atlas
methodology and
elsewhere in World
Development
Indicators as single-
year conversion
MMR East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income factors.
MNA
MNE Europe & Central Asi Upper middle income Montenegro declared i
MNG East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income The World Bank systema
MNP East Asia & Pacific High income
MOZ Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
MRT Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income National account data were adjusted to reflect the
MUS Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income
MWI Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
MYS East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
NAC North America regiona
NAM Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Fiscal year end: March
NCL East Asia & Pacific High income
NER Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
NGA Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income The World Bank systema
NIC Latin America & Cari Lower middle income The World Bank systema
NLD Europe & Central Asi High income A simple multiplier i
NOR Europe & Central Asi High income
NPL South Asia Lower middle income The reporting period f
NRU East Asia & Pacific High income The reporting period f
NZL East Asia & Pacific High income Fiscal year end: March
OED
OMN Middle East & North AHigh income
OSS
PAK South Asia Lower middle income The reporting period f
PAN Latin America & Cari High income
PER Latin America & Cari Upper middle income The World Bank systema
PHL East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
PLW East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Fiscal year ends on S
PNG East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
POL Europe & Central Asi High income
PRE Pre-dividend countries
PRI Latin America & Cari High income Fiscal year end: June
PRK East Asia & Pacific Low income
PRT Europe & Central Asi High income A simple multiplier i
PRY Latin America & Cari Upper middle income The World Bank systema
PSE Middle East & North ALower middle income National accounts data
PSS Pacific island small s
PST Post-dividend countrie
PYF East Asia & Pacific High income
QAT Middle East & North AHigh income
ROU Europe & Central Asi High income The World Bank systema
RUS Europe & Central Asi Upper middle income
RWA Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
SAS
SAU Middle East & North AHigh income
SDN Sub-Saharan Africa Low income The World Bank systema
SEN Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
SGP East Asia & Pacific High income Fiscal year end: March
SLB East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
SLE Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
SLV Latin America & Cari Lower middle income
SMR Europe & Central Asi High income
SOM Sub-Saharan Africa Low income The World Bank systema
SRB Europe & Central Asi Upper middle income Montenegro declared i
SSA
SSD Sub-Saharan Africa Low income The reporting period f
SSF Sub-Saharan Africa re
SST Small states (members
STP Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income National account data were adjusted to reflect the
SUR Latin America & Cari Upper middle income The World Bank systema
SVK Europe & Central Asi High income A simple multiplier is
SVN Europe & Central Asi High income A simple multiplier is
SWE Europe & Central Asi High income Fiscal year end: June
SWZ Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Fiscal year end: March
SXM Latin America & Cari High income
SYC Sub-Saharan Africa High income
SYR Middle East & North ALow income The World Bank systema
TCA Latin America & Cari High income
TCD Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
TEA East Asia & Pacific (
TEC Europe & Central Asia
TGO Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
THA East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Fiscal year end: Sept
TJK Europe & Central Asi Lower middle income
TKM Europe & Central Asi Upper middle income
TLA Latin America & the C
TLS East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
TMN Middle East & North A
TON East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income The reporting period f
TSA South Asia (IDA & IBR
TSS Sub-Saharan Africa (
TTO Latin America & Cari High income
TUN Middle East & North ALower middle income
TUR Europe & Central Asi Upper middle income
TUV East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
TZA Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income activity exists and
must be accounted
for appropriately in
underlying statistics.
An alternative
estimate
(“alternative
conversion factor” -
PA.NUS.ATLS) is
thus calculated as a
weighted average of
the different
exchange rates in
use in the country.
Doing so better
reflects economic
reality and leads to
more accurate
cross-country
comparisons and
country
classifications by
income level. For
this country, this
applies to 1960-
2009. Alternative
conversion factors
are used in the Atlas
methodology and
elsewhere in World
Development
Indicators as single-
year conversion
UGA Sub-Saharan Africa Low income factors.
UKR Europe & Central Asi Lower middle income
UMC Upper middle income
URY Latin America & Cari High income
USA North America High income
UZB Europe & Central Asi Lower middle income
VCT Latin America & Cari Upper middle income
VEN Latin America & Caribbean
VGB Latin America & Cari High income
VIR Latin America & Cari High income
VNM East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
VUT East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
WLD World aggregate.
WSM East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income The reporting period f
XKX Europe & Central Asi Upper middle income
YEM Middle East & North ALow income The World Bank systema
ZAF Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Fiscal year end: March
ZMB Sub-Saharan Africa Low income National accounts dat
must be accounted
for appropriately in
underlying statistics.
An alternative
estimate
(“alternative
conversion factor” -
PA.NUS.ATLS) is
thus calculated as a
weighted average of
the different
exchange rates in
use in the country.
Doing so better
reflects economic
reality and leads to
more accurate
cross-country
comparisons and
country
classifications by
income level. For
this country, this
applies to the period
2017-2020.
Alternative
conversion factors
are used in the Atlas
methodology and
elsewhere in World
Development
Indicators as single-
year conversion
ZWE Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income factors.
TableName
Aruba
Africa Eastern and Southern

Afghanistan
Africa Western and Central
Angola
Albania
Andorra
Arab World
United Arab Emirates
Argentina
Armenia
American Samoa
Antigua and Barbuda
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Burundi
Belgium
Benin
Burkina Faso
Bangladesh
Bulgaria
Bahrain
Bahamas, The
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Belarus
Belize
Bermuda
Bolivia
Brazil
Barbados
Brunei Darussalam
Bhutan
Botswana
Central African Republic
Canada
Central Europe and the Baltics
Switzerland
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Côte d'Ivoire
Cameroon
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Colombia
Comoros
Cabo Verde
Costa Rica
Caribbean small states
Cuba
Curaçao
Cayman Islands
Cyprus
Czechia
Germany
Djibouti
Dominica
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Algeria
East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income)
Early-demographic dividend
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)
Europe & Central Asia
Ecuador

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Euro area
Eritrea
Spain
Estonia
Ethiopia
European Union
Fragile and conflict affected situations
Finland
Fiji
France
Faroe Islands
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Gabon
United Kingdom
Georgia
Ghana
Gibraltar
Guinea
Gambia, The
Guinea-Bissau
Equatorial Guinea
Greece
Grenada
Greenland
Guatemala
Guam
Guyana
High income
Hong Kong SAR, China
Honduras

Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC)

Croatia
Haiti
Hungary
IBRD only
IDA & IBRD total
IDA total
IDA blend
Indonesia
IDA only
Isle of Man
India
Ireland

Iran, Islamic Rep.

Iraq
Iceland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Jordan
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kyrgyz Republic
Cambodia
Kiribati
St. Kitts and Nevis
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income)
Lao PDR
Lebanon
Liberia
Libya
St. Lucia
Latin America & Caribbean
Least developed countries: UN classification
Low income
Liechtenstein
Sri Lanka
Lower middle income
Low & middle income
Lesotho
Late-demographic dividend
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Latvia
Macao SAR, China
St. Martin (French part)
Morocco
Monaco
Moldova
Madagascar
Maldives
Middle East & North Africa
Mexico
Marshall Islands
Middle income
North Macedonia
Mali
Malta
Myanmar
Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income)
Montenegro
Mongolia
Northern Mariana Islands
Mozambique
Mauritania
Mauritius
Malawi
Malaysia
North America
Namibia
New Caledonia
Niger
Nigeria
Nicaragua
Netherlands
Norway
Nepal
Nauru
New Zealand
OECD members
Oman
Other small states
Pakistan
Panama
Peru
Philippines
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Poland
Pre-demographic dividend
Puerto Rico
Korea, Dem. People's Rep.
Portugal
Paraguay
West Bank and Gaza
Pacific island small states
Post-demographic dividend
French Polynesia
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
South Asia
Saudi Arabia
Sudan
Senegal
Singapore
Solomon Islands
Sierra Leone
El Salvador
San Marino
Somalia
Serbia
Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)
South Sudan
Sub-Saharan Africa
Small states
São Tomé and Principe
Suriname
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Sweden
Eswatini
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)
Seychelles
Syrian Arab Republic
Turks and Caicos Islands
Chad
East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD)
Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD)
Togo
Thailand
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Latin America & Caribbean (IDA & IBRD)
Timor-Leste
Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD)
Tonga
South Asia (IDA & IBRD)
Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD)
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Türkiye
Tuvalu
Tanzania

Uganda
Ukraine
Upper middle income
Uruguay
United States
Uzbekistan
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Venezuela, RB
British Virgin Islands
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
Vietnam
Vanuatu
World
Samoa
Kosovo
Yemen, Rep.
South Africa
Zambia

Zimbabwe
INDICATOR_COD INDICATOR_NAME
FR.INR.RINR Real interest rate (%)
SOURCE_NOTE
Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as measured by the GDP deflator. The terms and
SOURCE_ORGANIZATION
International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files using World Bank data on the GDP defl