National Institute of Technology, Delhi Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering ELE DRIVES LABORATORY (EEB 401 ) AIM: To determine moment of inertia of DC Shunt Motor by using retardation test APPARATUS REQUIRED : S.No. Equipments Specification o DC voltmeter 0-300 V 2. DC ammeter 0-20 A 3. DC ammeter O-1A 4. Tachogenerator 0-3000 rpm. 5. Multimeter 6. Wires _ NAME PLATE DETAILS OF MOTOR: S.No. Parameter Specification 1 Type DC Shunt 2. Power 2bp Bs Speed 1500 rpm 4 Voltage 230 St Current 8A 6. Duty si as key for ensuring performance, THEORY: Proper sizing and selection of a motor for the equipment I$ ey pe lei ‘a motor: reliability and cost of the equipment. There are three factors to caleulate Mint | determined moment of inertia, torque, and specd. In this experiment, the moment of INGA NT gy or the which is the measure af an object's resistance to changes in its rotation rae, NNT Ae itt be motor is required to change from 0 to any desired speed ic. the motor is tr" 10 given moment of inertia effect. At any speed «, power ? consumed in supplying rot 7 by aay ertia of tor in Kg-m’, © is Where P is mechanical power in Watts, J represents the moment of inertia of motor Im 2. angular speed and dw/d¢ is acceleration in ms. ae be calculated if rotational power loss is Thus, for any change in speed and time, inertia of motor determined. The power loss, P, is determined as follows: Indirect method of determination of copper losses: Step 1: Determination of mechanical losses (Px): Power supply to both armature and field are simultaneously removed such tl ; field current are zero. The only losses which retard the motor are mechanical losses. The circuit diagram for this loss is given in Figure 1.1. ‘Step 2: Determination of mechanical losses and iron losses (Par+Pi): Power supply to the armature is removed while the field supply is retained. Here, in addition to the mechanical losses, iron losses are also present and retard the motor. The circuit diagram for these losses is shown in Figure 1.2. Step 3: Determination of mechanical losses, iron losses and copper losses (Part Pr+Pcu): Field supply is retained, armature supply is removed and the armature is connected to a load resistance. In this case, the machine functions as a generator. Mechanical losses, iron losses and the power converted to heat in circulating current through the armature and load resistances, all contribute in retarding the motor, and speed falls down most rapidly. The circuit diagram for these losses is given in Figure 1.3. ‘The power converted to heat in the armature and the load resistance in the step 3 is calculated. Hence, the iron losses, mechanical losses and moment of inertia of the rotor can be calculated from the above steps. hat the armature and Determination of Moment of inertia (J) from copper losses expression: When the motor is running at the rated speed with normal excitation, let the mechanical and iron losses ‘be Wn and W; watts respectively and moment of inertia of the rotor is J kg—m? .aN “Vv < ae : espectively. Let 2, AN ang AY pe te rates of fll oF peed in rpm's under the steps I 2 and 3 respectively: aK an 4G, ¢ copper loss 1 the third condition of the test be Wew Let the aver due to generator action in (1.2) (1.3) We +=) WAM aM, (a) s an expression for Wc, in which all the terms Subtraction of equation (1.3) fiom equation (1.4) (including 1c.) except J are known, So, can be calculated. Calculation of the moment of inerti: 1. Let the rated speed of the machine is N rpm. Let the machine be brought up to a speed of (V+ AN/2) rpm as a motor where AN is conveniently chosen as small value. If the armature supply is now suddenly removed, the speed of the motor will fall. Let the time taken for the speed to reach (N- AN/2 ) rpm is AT sec. 3. Average rate of fll of speed = (2xAN) /(60 *AT) rad/sec. This is assumed as the rate of fall of speed when speed is pm. torque at NV’ rpmis (1s) Joules/radians, - is the moment of inertia of the rotor in kg~ 5. The corresponding retarding power given by copper losses is AN, _ AN, w, hs (3) (St-) 2 This obviously equals the losses in the machine at the rated speed. In the experiment, the rate of fall of speed is observed under three different conditions given in three different steps. In every case, the armature is run upto the speed (N+ AN/2) rpmas a motor on no load. Direct method of determination of copper losses: The copper losses can be calculated directly by the experimental setup. At the instant, the armature is disconnected from the supply and thrown to the load. Let the voltage across the load be V1; volts and current through the load be li ampere. When the speed reaches (N - AN /2) rpm, let these values be Vi2 and J,2 respectively,, sie HN ns fatten Average load voltage and load current during the period of retardation are respectively s can be calculated by using the direct formula as: The copper loss ; i ay ra [te sts), lasted] [ i] A where Reis the armature resistance, which can be measured using multimeter. PROCEDURE: 1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram in Figure 1.2. 2. Ensure sw! & sw2 switches are in closed position. : 5. Slowly vary the ato transformer upto rated voltage or above. Ensure the speed of the rotor is above the rated speed (say 1600 RPM) 44. Onve the speed reached above rated speed (say 1600RPM), open the switeh sw2 only and simultaneously switch on the stopwatch timer for determining AT1- can be stopped 5. Once the speed reached below the rated speed (1500 RPM), the stopwatch timer at any speed which is suitable for measurement. 6. Tabulate the readings. 7. Now again connect the circuit as per Figure 1.3. 8. Ensure sw] and sw2 switch are in closed position and sw3 is in open position. Slowly vary the auto transformer upto rated voltage or above. Ensure the speed of the rotor is above the rated speed (say 1600 rpm) 10. Once the speed reached above rated speed (say 1600rpm), open sw2 only and close switch sw3, simultaneously switch on the stopwatch timer for AT2. 11. Once the speed reached below the rated speed (1500 RPM), the stopwatch timer can be stopped at any speed which is suitable for measurement. 12. Tabulate the readings.CIRCUIT DIAGRAN Aseastener an 3 ea & n ok “| ok if a i @) Armature a2 Figure 1.2, Circuit for determination of mechanical and iron lossesnnn on nn nee eee eee ee Oe ee ee e eww) Su 53 ow? sw ‘Autaneooer Resistive toed a © a iat Qarmature a ee Figure 1.3. Cireuit for determination of mechanical, iron and copper Tosses OBSERVATIONS: ‘Resistance Measurement “Armature resistance | Field resistance S.No. v naw | na a — 1 = = ~ aos — ‘To measure AN2/AT2 S.No. speed Ni (pm) | Speed Nz (opm) | ANs rpm (Ni- No) 7 16094 rn ase 2 [eos (O10 sds 3. (602 ise aes With Load Ts 5 ‘To measure AN/ATser ee a es AN apm (Ns- NO S.No. Speed Ns (rpm) | Speed Na (rpm) 1 wit eeeSC*dYC 2. wis 3. 1604 1284 ‘To calculate copper lo eee ‘Speed Ns S.No Se vu) 1A) Gen) 1 61d ass \ (282 2. els 250 1 Wa a | wir [ase \ (204 Rete 4 | 1604 aso | tl yosy |” [ory CO ao CALCULATIONS FOR COPPER LOSS: Average load voltage = “442 = ea = oS6A — Tag Average load current= “uta = aS0-+ BS = 142-5 —» Vavg 2 Calculate J using equation (1.6) 60 T. We = NXT us > AN? — AN ATz3. ATh a Iso TX (an Ne [ee = ei] 6° tee) L338 ApolWeu = ViI-t appa n 56x 141-5 + (05G)* XBOF - lO7-& 4 0.64288 cs lok 3591 ) | Now , Te Wow ee e@ cae (vod ne 44) GO 2 = (o83 591 _= 0699 kg 1806 wp) XII a 60 PRECAUTIONS: 1. Ensure the autotransformer is set at zero before starting the experiment. 2. Allthe connections should be tight. 3. Don't touch the connections while experiment setup is in on state. RESULT: The moment of inertia of DC shunt motor determined using retardation test is 6 Kg-m’.logy, Delhi nics Engineering f Techno Electro! . ad Motor by using retardation test ely Excit srtia of DC Set AIM: To determine moment of ine APPARATUS REQUIRED + —- 5 S.No. Equipments Specification 1 DC voltmeter 0-300 V DC ammeter 0-20 A 3. DC ammeter 0-5 A 4. “Tachogenerator (0-300 rpm 5. Multimeter 6. Wires _— NAME PLATE DETAILS OF MOTOR: s. No. Parameter Specification Ee Type DC Shunt 2. Power 2 hp 3. Speed 1500 rpm 4. Voltage 230 V 5 Current 8A 6. Duty S 1 g3 Insulation i B 2 Wound Galuielaeeiehe ae | alana —__—_— Shuntging and selection ofa motor for the equipment is key for ensuring THEORY: Propet Sen ‘There are three factors to calculate when siz aie reliability and 60S torque, and speed. In this experiment, the moment of inertia has to be determined moment ot ea ofan object's resistance to changes in its rotation rate. When the speed of the which is the me change fiom 0 to any desired speed i.e. the motor is tried to move, there will be moti ee effect, At any speed ©, power P consumed in supplying rotational losses is given momel by lance, deo (2.1) Paso whore J represents the moment of inertia of motor. Thus, for any change in speed and time, inertia of motor can be calculated if rotational power loss is determined. ‘The power loss, P, is determined as follows: Indirect method of determination of copper losses: Step 1: Determination of mechanical losses: Power supply to both armature winding is removed such that the armature current is zero. The only losses which retard the motor are mechanical losses. The circuit diagram for this loss is given in Figure 2.1. Step 2: Determination of mechanical losses, iron losses and copper losses: Field supply is remained as it is, armature supply is removed and switch 2. is connected to a toad resistance. Mechanical losses, iron losses and the power converted to heat in circulating current through the load resistance, all contribute in retarding the motor, and speed falls down Bae rapidly. The circuit diagram for these losses is given in Figure 2.2. ; © Power converted to heat in the load resistance in the step 2 is calculated. Hence, the iron losse: i H Tat mechanical losses and moment of inertia of the rotor can be calculated from the above Determinatior When the motes oment of inertia (J) from eopper losses expression: 5 is runni , i ete iron losses be Wy and ae at the rated speed with normal excitation, let the mechanical and Le AN aw a ase Tespectively and moment of inertia of the rotor is J kg-m* 41," 7, °° ‘57, the rates of fall of speed in rpnvsee under the steps 1, 2 and 3 Tespectively, Let 4 test be Wey, he averagi o TBE Copper losses duc to generator action in the third condition of the (2.2)wetad 60 (23) AN (22), conor hn) (24) ubiraction of equation 23 from equation 2.4 gives an expression for Wer, in which all the terms (including Hs) eXCePL Jare known. So, J can be calculated. Calculation of the moment of iner' 1. Let the rated speed of the machine is N rpm. Let the machine be brought up to a speed of (N+ AN/2) rpmas a motor where AN is conveniently chosen as small value. >, Ifthe armature supply is now suddenly removed, the speed of the motor will fall. Let the time taken for the speed to reach (N - 4N/2) rpm. is AT sec. Average rate of fall of speed = (2mAN) /(60 *AT) rad/sec? . This is assumed as the rate of fall of speed when speed is N rpm. 4, The retarding torque at N rpm is 72 224N Joules/radians, (2 60 AT where J is the moment of inertia of the rotor in kg-m* . The corresponding retarding power given by copper losses § 2 w= 2) ANIIAN: 2.6) 0) a7, at ‘This obviously equals the losses in the machine at the rated speed. In the experiment, the rate of fall of speed is observed under three different conditions given in thres different steps. In every case, the armature is run upto the speed (N+ AN/2) rpmas @ motor on no load. Diret method of determination of copper nse: Pper losses can be calculated directly by the experimental setup. At the instant, the armature 'S disconnect dsomece rom the supply and thrown othe load. Let the voltage across the load beVit Vols i through the load be I; ampere. ‘When the speed reac reaches (N - AN /2) rpm, let these values be Viz and Juz respectively: Average load v¢ I oltage and load VtVn gq Intl current during a i tia and Tespectively. luring the period of retardation are eI 7ne coper loses can be ealeutated by using the direct formula as The copper 10S ghee Rais the armature resistance, which can be measured using multimeter, Q7 PROCEDURE: | Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram in Figure 2.1. Ensure switch] switch is in closed position and switch 2 in open position. Slowly vary the auto transformer upto rated voltage or above. Ensure the speed of the rotor is above the rated speed (say 1600 RPM) 4, Once the speed reached above rated speed (say 1600RPM), off the switch switch! and simultaneously switch on the stopwatch timer for AT1. Once the speed reached below the rated speed (1500 RPM), the stopwatch timer can be stopped at any speed which is suitable for measurement. . Tabulate the readings. . Now again connect the circuit as per Figure 2.2. Ensure switch! switch is in closed position and switch 2 in open position. ). Slowly vary the auto transformer upto rated voltage or above. Ensure the speed of the rotor is above the rated speed (say 1600 rpm) 10. Once the speed reached above rated speed (say 1600rpm), switch on switch? only and close switch sw1, simultaneouslyswitch on the stopwatch timer for AT2, Once the speed reached below the rated speed (1500 RPM), the stopwatch timer can be stopped at any speed which is suitable for measurement. 12. Tabulate the readings, ern sn w pop CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:Ammeter Auto Tronsformer ‘Switch 1 L_ mature Voltmeter (V) Winding Fiold Winding Zz ZZ & 2.1. Circuit for determination of mechanical and iron of DC separately excited motor Figure ‘Switch 2 Auto Switch 1 Transformer Ammeter “ | Voltmeter g Fj . . , ed #1"€2.2. Circuit for determination of mechanical, iron and coppet losses of DC separately excit motorSES ESET SETAE SES SHH HLDSESHEHSOEEELEEOEE pseRVATIONS: Resistance Measurement ¥v 1 A) Armature resistance (Q) aD + use Field resistance (9) To measure AN2/AT2 | 5.No. Speed Ni (rpm) | Speed Na (rpm) | ANz rpm (Ni- No) ae | Fa | pone 964-5 _ 46 } 2 1605 ore Sot yo 3 (610 (04 S61 Wl | With Load | | To measure ANs/AT3 | | Time (sec) | | S.No. Speed Ns (rpm) | Speed Ne (pm) | ANs rpm (NN) | ap Te Ty | L (Slo to22 S88 Yen | ga 1606 7% +94 901 5 3. \bi6 (093 Sees 3.8 j co ( ° To calculate copper losses N So | Sm Tyan | ay | Sty | Yee | | \610 ONS hy 1022 120 L——_| bot a3 [buy [a9z_| 10 3. | lee ao My 1093 | 128POST ROEHHEHOSGETHGOHKO“OGEHELCLELELEEEE ¢o CALCULATIONS: Vth ia - 14S ; ) average oad voltage= > Int oy | verge load cuent = EI ern gat fel Calculate J using equation (2.6) Wea = NOs) (BNa~ ANI o AT, AT, Wer = |tSxXo-64 + (0-64)? Kuse = pa eseuy Tee eat |) ae 6° uF =) J= 0432 LV ern“ PRECAUTIONS; Le . Ensure the autotransformer is set at zero before starting of experiment. a the connections should be tight. © Don't touch the connections while experiment setup is in on state. RESULT: y : c i it sing ret ition test IS “LN Moment of inertia of DC separately excited motor determined using retardati DM’ 7 Ken,ational Institute of Technology, Delhi ia) Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering c DRIVES LABORATORY (EEB 404 EXPERIMENT No-3 ELECTRI [AIM: To determine moment of inertia of PMDC Motor by using retardation test Specification Equipments 1. DC voltmeter 0-300 V 2. DC ammeter 0-500 mA 3. DC ammeter 0-500 mA, 4 Tachogenerator 0-3000 rpm. 5. Multimeter 6. Wires = NAME PLATE DETAILS OF MOTOR: S.No. Parameter Specification L Rated Power 200 W 2 Rated Speed 1500 3: Armature Voltage 200 V DC 4, Armature Current 2A> cent is key for ensuring performance, when sizing a motor: hhas to be determined t, the quo, and speed. In this expriment the momen OT re" when the peed of the ‘ment of inertia, tor i. In this ones motor requied to chan O10 any des p consumed in supplying rotational losses is given moot at of inertia effect. At any speed © power tor for the equip factors to calculate W! moment of inertia EI V's Proper sizing and selection of a mol a i THEORY: Proper se pment, Here ae reliability and cost 0! y : fs GB.1) do Joe rey Watts, J rept nts the moment of inertia of motor in Kg-m’, @ is “where P is mechanical power in Watts, J represents e vo fe ms. loss is gpeod and dav/dt is acceleration } eee culated if rotational power “Thus, for any change in speed and time, inertia of motor can be cal determined, “The power loss, P, is determined as follows: Indirect method of determination of copper losses: ses and iron losses: ‘d while the field supply is retained. Here, mechanical he motor, The circuit diagram for determining these ‘Step 1; Determination of mechanical los; Power supply to the armature is remove losses, iron losses are present and retard t! Josses is shown in Figure 3.1 ‘Step 2: Determination of mechanical losses, iron losses and copper losses: FField supply is retained, armature supply is removed and the armature is connected to a load resistance, In this case, the machine functions as a generator. Mechanical losses, iron losses and the power converted to heat in circulating current through the armature and load resistances, all ‘contribute in retarding the motor, and speed falls down most rapidly. The circuit diagram for these losses is given in Figure 3.2 Te poe conetd in the armature and the load resistance in the step 2 is calculated. fence, the iron losses, mechanical losses and moment of iner . i s tia of th c Bese bon bs rotor can be calculated Deecstzaion of Moment of inertia (J) from copper losses expression: en the motor is running at the rated speed with normal excitation, let i iron losses be Wm and W; watts respectively and eee i ly and moment of inertia of the rotor is J kg-m? . AN Let —, — and be fia ‘an? a, 2 be the rates of fall ofspeed in rpnvsee under the steps 1, and 2 respectively. Let the average co} sses due to ger jon in the second condition of tl e Wes ige copper ie to generator action in the second ¢ n of the test b H+, ny 47, \ 60, Ae3.3) Wan, AN x( 2) oar (oo i ‘ws hich all the Subtraction of equation (3.3) from equation (3.2) gives an expression for Weu, in whit ‘an be calculated. terms (including Io.) except J are known So. 1 ¢ Caleulation of the moment of inert nine be brought up to a speed ,osen as small value. HI fall. Let the N pm, Let the mach iently chi 1d of the motor wil machine is 1. Let the rated speed of the here AN is convent of (V+ AN/2) rpm as a motor wl Tree armature supply is now suxldenly removeds the spec time taken for the speed to reach (N - AN/2 ) spr 'S AT see. 3. Average rate of fall of speed = (2nAN) (60 *AT) rad/sec’ ‘of fall of speed when speed is N rpm. ‘This is assumed as the rate 4, The retarding torque at Nrpm is 7=s224% Joules/radians, G4 60 aT the rotor in kg-m" - where J is the moment of inertia of given by copper losses is 5, The corresponding retarding power Wr. ne AN AN. G5) ™ 60) (At, AT, ‘This obviously equals the losses in the machine a the rated speed. In the experiment, sparate of fall of speed is observed under two diferent conditions given in two different Steps, In every case, the armature is run upto the speed (N ‘AN/2) rpmas a motor on no'load Direct method of determination of copper losses: I setup. At the instant, the armature is ated directly by the experimental the load. Let the vol e Vi) volts and The copper losses can be calcul disconnected from the supply and thrown to current through the load be TL: ampere. ‘hen the seed reaches (N - AN /2) rpm let these values be Viz and lis respectively. and load current during the period of retardation are Ys whe and fatten 2 tage across the load b Average load voltage respectively. The copper losses ca Mo [estate] es] % 66) rice, which can be measured using multimeter. .n be calculated by using the direct formula as: where Ra is the armature resistatPROCEDURE: Connect the circuit as per the eireit diagram in Figure 3:1. in closed position 1 1c speed of the rotor is auto transformer upto rated voltage ware the sp Ensure sw2 is Slowly vary the above the rated speed (say 1600 RPM) 4. Once the speed reached above rated speed simultaneously swviteh on the stopwatch timer for ATI : G rated speed (1500 RPM), the stopwatch timer can be stoppe or above 1600RPM), off the switch sw2 and 5. Once the speed reached below the at any speed which is suitable for measurement, 6. Tabulate the readings. 7. Now again connect the 8. Ensure sw2 switch is in closed position and sw: 9. Slowly vary the auto transformer upto rated vo above the rated speed (say 1600 rpm) 10. Once the speed reached above rated speed (say sw3, simultaneously switch on the stopwatch 11. Once the speed reached below the rated speed (150 at any speed which is suitable for measurement. 12, Tabulate the readings. per Figure 3.2. reui in open position. tage or above. Ensure the speed of the rotor is {600rpm), switch off sw2 only and close switch er for AT2. 0 RPM), the stopwatch timer can be stopped CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: Figure 3.1. Circuit for determination of mechanical and iron lo: sesTe. fe oe ed ee ae ee ey | a ees a Figure 3.2. Cir cout for determination of ™ se oniy W253 chanical, ron and copper losses ‘To measure AN2/AT2 S.No. Speed Ni (rpm) | Speed Na (spm) | AN> tpm (Ni-N2) ane (sec) = (TT) e let (o44 S65 Wb . 1 = = 4 abs - 448 Sisyeves —7 With Load To measure ANs/ATS S.No. Speed N: speed Na (rpm) | Speed Ns (rpm) | ANs rpm (Ns- Na) Time (sec) E 1604 102-4 z AT3 = (Ta Ts) 2. an = - 80 QE 3. Cal a —- 7 aae Speed Ni (om) | CALCULATIONSFOR COPPE Vita Average load voltage = Inthe _ _[Wat¥is), Un tte)], [lat Calculate J using equation (1.5) AYE wad voltage = 2204+ 110 = IFoVv ps Average load current = Avge od ceunent = (tootls = O-S35A 2 Wen = (40 XOS85) + (0-S35)* xo] Wer = al BIW Wai= TN @2)* ee ae Sakae >i PRECAUTIONS: Bloc ‘ go — S6o 1, Ensure the autotransformer is set at zero before startin rere L386 WIE. Wide 2. All the connections should be tight. 3. Don't touch the connections while experiment setup is in on state. RESULT: The moment of inertia of PMDC motor is Ors Kg-m’,Technology, Delhi ' itute of i National Institu ronics Engineering é Department of Electrical & Elect , , j AIM: To perform de dynamie braking of single phase induction motor and observe the impact of erasing oe voltage on braking time. APPARATUS REQUIRED: ne S.No. Equipment Specification 1 DC Voltmeter cana DC Ammeter pace 3. StopwatelvTimer a 4. G_ Tacho generator _ 5. Wires aa 6. “TPST switch —_ 7. DPST switeh _ Multimeter _ NAME PLATE DETAILS OF MOTO! S.No. Parameter Specification 1 Rated power 1 HP 2. Rated speed 1425 rpm 3. Voltage 220/230 V 1Ph 4 Current SSA * Frequency 50 Hz 6. Insulation Class Bthe switch “S’ connected t¢ P viteh and can be connected ects AC supply and THEORY: Consider a single phase induetion mot position 1 2 3 as shown in Figure 1. either to position 1 2 3 or to position 1° position 1* 2° 3° connects DC supply to the motor. ‘om AC supply wit ole double throw the position tor operating fr +g? is a triple po 2° 3°. Here, 1 2 3 con Toes i: ee 5 oo Motoring Main winding Capacitor-run motor, parallel i winding connection for braking Figure 1: Dynamic braking of single phase induction motor When the switch is in position 1 2 3, AC supply is given to main and auxiliary winding and two currents, displaced by an angle about 20-30 degree and different in magnitude are produced. This produces rotating magnetic field that interacts with the rotor and an emf is induced in it and thus, the rotor rotates, But when AC supply is cut off, rotor still rotates due to its inertia. Now when DC supply is given, a constant magnetic field is produced, which induces an emf in the rotor. The corresponding generated eddy currents flow through the rotor that produces torque which bring rotor to rest. The magnitude of the DC supply voltage determines the time taken to stop the motor. PROCEDURE: ‘To perform DC dynamic braking Make the connections as shown in Figure 2 ‘Now run the motor at its rated speed. Set the DC source to a value (say 3V). Cut off the AC supply and switch on the DC supply simultaneously veer Note down the readings (braking time, DC voltage, DC current, etc.)To observe the effeet of increasing DC supply volta; 1 Make the connection as shown in Figure 2 cr motor to stop from Perform DC dynamic braking of the motor and note the time taken for the the instant the de supply is switehed on Switch off the supply and set the DC supply voltage to a higher value. an supply and note down the time taken for the Repeat the procedure for different values of D.C. motor to stop in each case. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: oy os, ee) (a) O-1SV =| oc 230) supply ac iy (0-250) auxilary winding Figure 2: Dynamic braking of single phase induction motor OBSERVATIONS: S.No. | AC voltage (V) | AC current (A) | Speed(RPM) | DC voltage (V) | DC current (A) | Time (sec) | a34-2 45 Wao QV — | 342 2 | 936 4a BS (490 6v ~ ic 3 236-29 aS 1490 SV - 6-2 4 | 26-38 BS wuqo | Yay _ Bkee ee et a Oe es ee eee, ee ae: ee ee SER ARES ee ORE ee ee ee Ry aR Ta eh GRAPH: PRECAUTIONS: L . Ensure the autotransformer is set at zero before starting of experiment. 2. All the connections should be tight. 3. 4, Don't touch the connections while the experiment setup is in on state. |. Before starting of motor, ensure that there is no current for 0 V output of autotransformer. RESULT: D.C. dynamic braking of a single phase induction motor has been performed. It has been observed from the results and graph that with increase in D.C. supply voltage, the braking time of the machine decreases.National Instit Department of Ele ute of Techno! etrical & Electronic: logy, Delhi s Engineering LABORATORY EEB 401 ELECTRIC DRIV EXPERIMENT No AIM: To perform rheo: of increasing resistanee on ¢ braking or dynamic braking of raking time. ‘DC shunt motor and observe the impact APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No, Equipments Specification 1 DC voltmeter 0-300 V 2 DC ammeter 020A 3. StopwatelvTimer 4. Tachogenerator nae 6. Connecting wires — NAME PLATE DETAILS OF MOTOR: S.No. Parameter Specification 1 Rated Power 2hp 2. Rated Speed 1500 rpm. 3 Nominal Voltage 230V 4. Armature Current 8A Rating/Insulation ‘SIB @ Wound Shuntto position 1 as ther to position | with the switeh § connected he switch S as dich and can be connected el? ie connected to position 2 of U Consider a BC shunt motor operating from DC sun sorsiin Figure 6.1. S isa single pole double throvt 1 ‘or to position 2. One end of an extemal resistance Re shown in Figure 6.2 2 4 1. S2 + + D.C supply D.C supply snerator Figure 6.1. Machine operates as motor Figure 6.2. Machine operates as 8° during braking Let with § in position 1, motor runs at Ne rpm, drawing an armature current I, and the back emf is E> =koN. “The polarity of Epis, s usual for motor mode, in opposition with the supply voltage. rock wise direction, Now if $ is suddenly thrown to position 2 at t= 0, or'from the supply and terminated by Ry with the field coil remaining energized from the supply. Since speed of the rotor cannot change instantaneously, the back emf aoe «till maintained with the same polarity as at t= 0°. Thus at t= 0°, armature current will be 1. By/(rs + Rs) and with reversed direction compared to direction prevailing during motor mode at t =0. Obviously for t > 0, the machine is operating electromagnetic torque Te must act in the opposit Also, Te and N have same cl the armature gets disconnecte as a generator dissipating power to Rp and now the te direction to that of N since Is has changed direction put @ has not (since,Te & @ I). As time passes, after switching, N decreases reducing the Kinetic energy and as a consequence both Ey and I, decrease. In other words, the value of braking torque will be highest at t= 0°, and it decreases progressively, becoming zero when the machine finally comes to astop. PROCEDURE: To perform rheostatic/dynamic braking 1. Make the connections as shown in Figure 6.3.To observe the effect of increasing resistance, eave tsw2 open and run the motor in its rated speed. ets" Juces and finally 2. Close the switeh ‘swI', 1 3. Now open the switch “sw and clos : 5 to a stop. 4. Observe that the speed of the motor red motor comes ei 6: cen for the motor to stop from the 1. Make the connection as shown in Fig J note the time tak 2. Perform rheostatie braking of the motor and instant the switch *sw2? 3. Switch off the supply and re 4. Repeat the procedure for different values of re motor to stop in each ease, closed. ; swvire the circuit with an inereased value of resistance stance and note down the time ta ken for the CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: Avcooarstomer Figure 6.3. Dynamic braking of DC shunt motor OBSERVATIONS: S.No. External Resistance (Q) Time taken (sec) 1 open - Circuit gd sec 2 450% 4-5 Sec 3. 128-4 S6 sec 4 OT Zz 14secPRECAUTIONS: 15 2. All the connections should be tight. 3. 4. Before starting of motor, ensure that there is no current for 0 V output of autotransformer. Ensure the autotransformer is set at zero before starting of experiment. Don't touch the connections while the experiment setup is in on state. RESULT: Rheostatic braking or dynamic braking of a DC shunt motor has been performed. It has been observed from the results and graph that with increase in resistance, also increases. the braking time of the motor