2. How many meals do you have per day?

After carrying out the survey through questionnaire among the semester 3,PPISMP teacher trainee in IPGM-KTI,we can tabulate the data that we had collected in a frequency table as below.

Frequency Table The Amount Of Meals Students Have Per Day Amount Of Meals/x 1 2 3 4 5 6 No.of Students/f 0 11 35 4 0 0 50

By referring to the tabulated data above,we can see clearly that 3 meals per day has the highest frequency value.Thus,we can summarize that most of the students are having 3 meals per day.In addition, nobody has 1,5 or 6 meals per day.Thus,we can conclude that 1,5 or 6 meals per day have the zero frequency value.

Data Representation In order to have a clearer view about the tabulated data,we need to present the data through some suitable visual illustrations.There are different types of graphic aids, such as line graph, bar graph, histogram, ogive, pie chart, and pictogram. By referring to our survey title, we decided to represent our data by using histogram and ogive.This is because histogram and ogive are the ideal ways to represent the data.

Histogram

The Amount Of Meals Students Have Per Day

No.of Students
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Amount Of Meals

Ogive

The Amount Of Meals Students Have Per Day

Cumulative Frequency
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.5 -10 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5

Amount Of Meals

From the two types of visual illustrations that we have used above,I have discovered that histogram is the most suitable way to represent the ungrouped data.This is because histogram enable us to see clearly the highest frequency value.Highest frequency value is the modal class that we want to find out in this survey.Besides that,we can also see clearly the general shape of its distribution through the histogram.Thus,we can immediately understand the data that we had collected at a glance.

Data Analysis Measures of central tendency by:

(i)

Calculation method:

The Amount Of Meals Students Have Per Day

Amount Of Meals/x 1 2 3 4 5 6

No.of Students/f 0 11 35 4 0 0 =50

Cumulative Frequency/F 0 11 46 50 50 50

fx

0 22 105 16 0 0 =143

a) Mode, mo = 3 meal # (the highest frequency = 35) b) Median, m = 3 meal# ( =

th

- 25th) and ( 

th + 1

- 26th )

c) Mean,

= 2.86 meal / 3 meal #

(ii)

Graphical method:

The Amount Of Meals Students Have Per Day

Cumulative Frequency
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.5 -10 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5

Amount Of 6.5 Meals

Median, m = 2.9

a) Median, m = the

th

data

= 25th data = 2.9 meal / 3 meal

(iii)

Histogram Method:

The Amount Of Meals Students Have Per Day

No.of Students
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Amount Of Meals

Median, m = 2.85

Mode, mo = 2.9

a) Mode, mo = 2.9 / 3 meal b) Median, m = 2.85 / 3 meal

Data Analysis Measures of Dispersion by:

(i)

Calculation Method

The Amount Of Meals Students Have Per Day

Amount Of Meals/ x 1 2 3 4 5 6

Cumulative No. of Students/ f 0 11 35 4 0 0 =50 Frequency/F 0 11 46 50 50 50 fx 0 22 105 16 0 0 fx=143

fx2 0 44 315 64 0 0 fx2=423

a) 1st Quartile = the(

= 3 meal

th

12.5th )and(

th + 1

13.5th )

b) 3rd Quartile =(

th

37.5th )and(

3 th + 1

38.5th )

= 3 meal

c) Interquartile range = Q3 Q1
= 3 meal 3 meal = 0 meal

d) Semi-interquartile range =

(0)

= 0 meal

e) Variance, s2 =
=

 
  

= 0.2084

f) Standard deviation, s =

= = 0.529

(ii)

Graphical Method

The Amount Of Meals Students Have Per Day

Cumulative Frequency
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.5 -10 1 Quartile = 2.7
st

1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

5.5

6.5

Amount Of Meals

3rd Quartile = 3.25

a) 1st Quartile = the

th

data

= 12.5th data = 2.7 / 3 meal

b) 3rd Quartile = the

th

data

= 37.5th data = 3.25 / 3 meal

c) Interquartile range = Q3 Q1 =33 = 0 meal

d) Semi interquartile range =

(0)

= 0 meal

Compare and Contrast between Histogram,Calculation method and Graphical Method

From the data analysis,we have calculated the measures of central tendency and dispersion through 3 methods.The 3 methods are calculation method,graphical method and by using histogram.

From the measures of central tendency and dispersion answers that we get from the 3 methods,we have chosen calculation method as the best answer for my data.The mode,median and mean from calculation method is the same that is 3 meal.The first and third quartile answers from the calculation method is also the same that is 3 meal too.In addition,the answer for standard deviation is 0.529.

Calculation can give a precise and accurate answer through formula given.Besides that,we can get all the data that we needed through the calculation method.We do not choose graphical method and histogram because we cannot get all the measures of tendency and dispersionanswers that we want by using these two methods.For example,we can only find median,first and third quartile through graphical method.However,we can get all the answers that we needed through calculation method.

In addition,the answers that we get from these two methods are merely approximation thus the answers are not the most accurate answers that we want to find.For example,we get 2.85 and 2.9 meal for median if we use histogram and graph respectively.There is no 2.9 or 2.85 meal exist in real life.Thus,the answer that we get from calculation and histogram is just an approximation only.However,we can get 3 meal for median through calculation.Hence,the answer using calculation is very precise and accurate.

This is because we are using plotting and drawing skill in these two methods.Sometimes,there are some mistakes during the plotting and drawing process that we do not realize.Thus,the answers that we get from these two methods may vary from the real answers .For example,we get first and third quartile as 2.7 and 3.25 meal respectively using graphical method.However,there are no 2.7 and 3.25 meal exist in our real life.This may due to the error occurring during the plotting process.By using calculation method,we will get 3 meal for first and third quartile.

There is no drawing skill require in calculation method so no blunder will be made.Hence,measures of tendency and dispersion s answers that we get from calculation method are the most precise answers that we manage to obtain.

Interpretation / Discussion

From the compare and contrast above,we have finally chosen calculation method as the best answer for our data.Thus,the final answer for mode,median and mean is the same that is 3 meal.The first and third quartile answers from calculation is the same also that is 3 meal too..In addition,the answer for standard deviation is 0.529.

Thus,we can concluded that the students are having 3 meal per day.Apart from that, most of the students do not have 1,5 or 6 meal per day as the frequency value for 1,5 or 6 meal per day is zero.

This may due to the small amount of allowance that the students receive every month.Thus,they need to save the money for other usage rather than spending it all on food only.In addition,they do not have 1 meal per day as they need energy to study so having 1 meal per day will make them unhealthy.

The majority of students are from Sarawak.As they need to buy air ticket to go back home,they need to be wise in spending the allowance given.Thus,they do not take too much meal per day.3 meal is the ideal amount of meal per day for our asian country people.Hence,most of the students are having 3 meal per day.

We choose mean to represent our data.This is because our data is a ungrouped data and has an almost symmetrical distribution. Hence,mean is absolutely the best choice to represent our data