MOTP Application 1 Solutions

Team MOTP
July 23, 2022

1. Each point in the plane is assigned a real number such that, for any triangle, the
number at the center of its inscribed circle is equal to the arithmetic mean of the
three numbers at its vertices. Prove that all points in the plane are assigned the
same number.

Let x be the number assigned to the point X.

Let ABCD be an isosceles trapezoid such that BC||AD and AD ⩾ BC.Let AB and CD
meet at P.

∠P CA ∠P BD
Let I be the incenter of ∆P AC. Notice that BI = CI ⇒ ∠IBP = ∠ICP = 2 = 2 .
Which means I is also the incenter of ∆P BD

p+a+c p+b+d
i= = ⇒ a+c = b+d
3 3

1
 Now, consider any 2 points in the plane, say A and B, we construct a regular pentagon
ABCDE.Since ACDE and BCDE are also isosceles trapezoids.

a+d = c+e = b+d ⇒ a = b

Since A and B were arbitrary, all points in the plane are assigned the same number.

2. Let ABC be a triangle with medians BN , CM and altitude AD. Rays BN and CM
meet the circumcircle of ABC at X, Y respectively. Prove that the circumcircles of
△XY D and △DMN are tangent to each other.

Note that MN BC, XY lies on the circumcircle of ABC and since X, N , B and Y , M, C
are collinear, we have that XY MN is a cyclic quadrilateral by Reims Theorem.

Now, consider circumcircles XY MN , MN D and ABC, note that the radical center of
the three circles will be XY ∩ MN = J. Now consider the circumcircles XY D, MN D
and ABC. Note that again the radical center of these three circumcircles will be J.

Note that the triangles AMN and ABC are homothetic about the center A with the
scale ratio of 12 so there circumcircles are internally tangent. Now consider the cir-
cumcircles of XY MN , AMN and ABC, again the radical center will be J. Since, we
have that the circumcircles of AMN and ABC are tangent to each other, so their rad-
ical axes will be tangent to both the circles and since the radical axes of both the
circles would pass through J, so JA is tangent to the circumcircle ABC. So, the power

2
 of J with respect to all the circumcircles considered above will be JA2 .

Now note that since MN AD and MN bisects AD since ∆ABC ∼ ∆AMN with a ratio
of 21 . So, we have JA = JD since J lies on the perpendicular bisector of AD

So we have the power of J with respect to circumcircles XY D and MN D is JD 2 since

JA = JD, so we have JD is tangent to both the circumcircles implying both have a com-
mon tangent, so they are tangent to each other. So, we’re done proving the problem
statement.

3. let N denote the set of positive integer. Find all functions f : N → N such that

n + f (m)|f (n) + nf (m)

for all m,n N

P (1, 1) : 1 + f (1)|2f (1) ⇒ f (1) = 1

P(m,n) : n + f(m) — f(n) + nf(m) + n2 − n2

⇒ n + f (m)|f (n) − n2 + n(f (m) + n) ⇒ n + f (m)|f (n) − n2

If f (m) is unbounded we can choose m such that n + f (m) > |f (n) − n2 | implying that
f (n) = n2 for all n.

If f is bounded then let maximum value of f (n) be k [f (x) = k]. Let k > 1

P (1, k) : k + 1|f (k) + k ⇒ k + 1|f (k) − 1

maximum value of f (n) = k ⇒ f (k) ⩽ k

k + 1 ⩽ f (k) − 1 ⩽ k − 1 ⇒⇐
k = 1 ⇒ f (n) = 1 for all n.

f (n) = n2 for all n or f (n) = 1 for all n are the only solutions.

4. Let C be a cuboid with odd integer side lengths is divided into smaller cuboids with
integer side lengths. Prove that there is at least one among the small cuboids whose
distances from all 6 faces of C are either all odd or all even.

Let the length, width and height of C be odd numbers a, b and c. Divide C into abc unit
cubes and color them green and yellow in a checkered pattern. Since the side lengths a,b
and c are odd, the corner squares of C will all have the same color, say green.

3
 Call a cuboid good if its corners are all green; call it bad if the corners are all yellow, and
call it diplomatic 4 corners are green and 4 corners are yellow.

In particular,
C is a green cuboid. We can say that every diplomatic cuboid contains the same number
of green and yellow cube

Every good cuboid contains one more green cube than yellow cube.

Every bad cuboid contains one more yellow cube than green cube.

The cuboid C is good, so it contains more green unit cubes than yellow unit cubes.
Therefore, among the small cuboids, at least one is good. Let S be such a small good
cuboid, and let its distances from the sides of C be j and k from top and bottom faces,l
and m from the front and back faces and n and p from left and right faces
It is easy to notice that parity of j,k,l,m,n and p will be same [consider planes of sides and
drop perpendicular and check].
Hence proved.

5. Let τ(n) be the number of positive divisors of n. Let τ1 (n) be the number of positive
divisors of n which have remainders 1 when divided by 3. Find all possible positive
τ(10n)
integral values of the fraction τ (10n) .
1

Check the solution at

2016 N2