Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Title D
epreciation
Timeline W
eek 4 | September 14-18, 2020
Objectives Understand the different methods of computing depreciation.
Tools Notebook, Pen, and Dictionary
Before you can move forward to your last activity before your first milestone, you
first need to know the different methods of computing depreciation and how to
journalize transactions involving it.
1. Read the attached WIKI titled Depreciation.
2. List down the word that is not familiar to you. Look at their definitions in a
dictionary or synonyms in a thesaurus.
3. To check if you understand what you have read, your learning facilitator will
ask you questions about this WIKI before you start with your activity.
You are encouraged to create an outline of this WIKI on your notebook.
DEPRECIATION
What is depreciation?
A lot of people buy second-hand cellphones and gadgets. The reason for this
is that secondhand items are less expensive than those that are brand new. This is
because these items have already been used. When items are used, they become
worn. As such, they might now function as well as when they were brand new.
Other items will also have a lower value than other goods because certain items
will have a definite lifespan. An example of this is food. Food should usually have
an expiration date where they would no longer be safe to eat. That’s why food that is
closer to its “best before” date is sold at a lower price than those that are fresh. This
decrease in value is called Depreciation.
How do I calculate and create a journal entry for depreciation?
1. Determine the method your company uses in calculating Depreciation.
There are 3 ways of calculating Depreciation. The method used in calculating
Depreciation will vary from company to company. The company that you are
creating Journals or Financial Statements for would have already indicated what
method they use in order to account for depreciation. These methods are Straight
Line Method, Units of Production Method, Sum of the Years Method, and Declining
Balance Method.
2. Determine the Useful Life of the asset.
Useful Life is the amount of time that an asset is considered to still be useful
to a company. It is similar to the expiration date or before date on food. This is
usually an estimate of how much time it will take for an asset to be fully used up.
The standard estimate for this can be found on the Commission on Audit website.
View the Useful Life document from the COA website for more information. Since
the use of an asset is non-constant across various companies, this is usually
adjusted by the organizations in order to account for the frequency of usage of an
For example, you have equipment that initially costs P10,000 and it has a
Salvage Value of P1,000. The equipment also has a Useful Life of 10 years. The way
that you would calculate it would be:
10,000 - 1,000 = 9,000.
9,000 / 10 = 900.
This means that the equipment will depreciate by 900 every year.
If you would need to calculate the depreciation amount in terms of months,
you would only need to convert the Useful Life into months. In this case, 10 years is
120 months. You could also divide P900, which is the depreciation amount for a
year, by 12 in order to get the depreciation per month.
➢ Units of Production Method
The Units of Production Method is similar to the Straight Line Method but
instead of Useful Life in years, this will be either the estimated number of units or
Using the same example as the Straight Line Method, if the asset is
estimated to produce 9,000 units, Cost - Salvage Value = 9,000. We would then
divide that by the estimated number of units: 9,000 / 9,000 = 1.
The asset would then depreciate by P1 per unit produced. The company
would then have to keep track of the number of units produced for that year. If at
the end of the year, the company is able to produce 1,000 units, it would depreciate
by P1,000. What you should watch out for is that the value of the asset cannot go
below its Salvage Value.
➢ Declining Balance Method
The Declining Balance Method is also known as the Double Declining
Balance Method. In the Declining Balance Method, it is not the amount that is
constant, it is the rate of Depreciation.
This method of computing for Depreciation is
used when an asset is more useful to the company at the beginning of its Useful
Life.
The way that it is calculated is by first calculating the Depreciation Rate if it
is not indicated. This is done by dividing 100% by the asset’s Useful Life. After
calculating the Depreciation Rate, you would then need to look at the Book Value
(the current value of the asset based on your ledger) and multiply that with the
twice the Depreciation Rate.
With this method, however, you would need to make sure that the asset does
not depreciate below its Salvage Value. Another thing to keep in mind is that at the
end of its Useful Life, the asset’s value should equal its Salvage Value.
In a formula, it would look like this:
Unless otherwise indicated, the rate of depreciation will use the formula listed
below:
Using the same example as the Straight Line Method, 100% / 10 years is
equal to 10%. 10% would be our Depreciation Rate.
In the first year, you would multiply ₱ 1 0,000 x 2 x 10%. This would be equal to
₱2,000. Once you deduct the ₱ 2,000 from ₱ 1 0,000, that would be the book value for
year 2 and so on.
In the last year, if you multiplied ₱ 1,342.18 x 2 x 10%, that would be equal to
₱268.44. Since that amount would not bring the asset’s book value to equal the
salvage value, we use the amount that will make it equal the Salvage Value. So for
year 10, we used ₱ 1,342.18 - ₱
1,000 = ₱342.18.
Year Book Value Depreciation Amount
1 10,000.00 2,000.00
2 8,000.00 1,600.00
3 6,400.00 1,280.00
4 5,120.00 1,024.00
5 4,096.00 819.20
6 3,276.80 655.36
7 2,621.44 524.29
8 2,097.15 419.43
9 1,677.72 335.54
Using the same example above, ₱1 0,000 - ₱
1 ,000 = ₱
9,000.
In the first year, you have 10 years left. That would be ₱9 ,000 x 10 = ₱
9
0,000.
Then you would divide that by the sum of the years which would be: 10 + 9 + 8 + 7 + 6
+ 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 55, ₱9
,000 / 55 = ₱1,636.36. In the next year, instead of multiplying it
to 10, it would be 9 and so on.
2 9 1,472.73 6,890.91
3 8 1,309.09 5,581.82
4 7 1,145.45 4,436.37
5 6 981.82 3,454.55
6 5 818.18 2,636.37
7 4 654.55 1,981.82
8 3 490.91 1,490.91
9 2 327.27 1,163.64
Sum = 55
5. Create the Journal Entry.
Remember that when an asset gets used up, it begins to lose its value. It