S3T1 2016DBQ Elementary e

World History Express S3T1 International conflicts and threats to
2016 New DBQs (Elementary Level) peace in the 20th century
1. Study the sources below and answer the following questions.
Source A
A British cartoon in 1909
Source B
Number of British and German dreadnoughts in 1906-1914
Year Britain Germany
1906 1 0
1907 4 0
1908 6 4
1909 8 7
1910 11 8
1911 16 11
1912 19 13
1913 26 16
1914 29 17
©LING KEE PUBLISHING CO., LTD. 1

(1) Which country enjoyed naval supremacy? Explain your answer with
reference to Source A.
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(2) Did the cartoonist of Source A think that Germany could challenge the
naval supremacy of Britain? Explain your answer with reference to
Source A.
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(3) Identify, with reference to Source B, the situation the armaments race
between Britain and Germany. Put the answers in the suitable spaces.
Britain made the first ____________________ in 1906 and Germany
started to compete with it. In 1909, Germany had only ________
dreadnought less than Britain. Later their naval armaments race
__________________ (intensified/relaxed). Britain and Germany made
29 and 17 dreadnoughts respectively within 8 years.
(4) Until the First World War, had the naval power of Germany surpassed
that of Britain? Explain your answer.
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2. Study the source below and answer the following questions.
Source A
The following extract is adapted from a song released in the US during the
First World War, entitled ‘Over there’:
Johnnie, get your gun, get your gun, get your gun,
Take it on the run, on the run, on the run;
Hear them calling, you and me,
Every son of liberty.
Hurry right away, no delay, go today,
Make your daddy glad, to have had such a lad,
Tell your sweetheart not to pine,
To be proud her boy’s in line.
Over there, over there,

Send the word, send the word over there -
That the Yanks* are coming, the Yanks are coming,
The drums rum-tumming everywhere.
So prepare, say a prayer,
Send the word, send the word to beware.
We'll be over, we're coming over,
And we won't come back till it's over, over there.
*Yanks: a slang word for Americans
(1) What action of the United States is reflected in the song? Explain your
answer.
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__________________________________________________________
(2) What attitude, positive or negative, did the songwriter hold towards the
First World War? Explain your answer.
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(3) After the United States had declared war on Germany, was the situation
of Germany optimistic? Explain your answer.
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Source A
A cartoon published in July 1914
Source B
The following is about the meeting between Kaiser William II and high-
ranking officers in 1912:
Kaiser William II declared… Should Russia support the Serbs, ‘which it

evidently does, then war would be unavoidable for us too.’ … The fleet would
have to prepare for a war against England… These statements by the Kaiser
were enthusiastically supported by the Chief of General Staff von Moltke. He
too considered ‘that war was unavoidable, and the sooner the better.’
(1) According to Source A, was the relationship between Serbia and Austria-
Hungary good? Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

(2) According to Source B, would Germany join the First World War?
Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) How did Germany help the outbreak of the First World War? Explain
your answer with reference to Sources A and B, and using your own
knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
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Source A
The following extract is adapted from a speech by Kaiser William II
addressing the German troops departing for the front in August 1914:
You will be home before the leaves fall from the trees.
Source B
Weary Willy: ‘I'm beginning to doubt whether this is the

easiest road after all!’
The cartoon was published in 1914. The man in the cartoon is Kaiser William II.
(1) According to Source A, did Kaiser William II expect that the Second
World War would last long? Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) According to Source B, how did Germany advance to France? Explain

your answer with reference to Source B.

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Did Germany succeed in attacking France? Explain your answer with
reference to Source B, and using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) How did Germany make wrong prediction of the situation of the First
World War at the beginning? Explain your answer with reference to
Sources A and B, and using your own knowledge.
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__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
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5. Study the source below and answer the following questions.
Source A
‘This time the eagle comes while there is still some meat on the bones.’
A cartoon published in 1905, entitled ‘Tangier’ (a city of northern Morocco)
(1) According to Source A, which place did Britain (represented by the lion)
and France (represented by the chicken) fight for in competition with
Germany (represented by the eagle)? Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Which country won the competition? Explain your answer using your
own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

(3) Did Germany and France compete for the same place again? Was the
result the same as the first time? Explain your answer using your own
knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) Apart from competing for this place, what factor(s) influenced the
relationship between Germany and France?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________

Source A
A cartoon about the Treaty of Versailles published in 1919
Source B
A postcard published in the 1930s by Nazi Germany

(1) According to Source A, what does the ‘peace pie’ represent? Explain
your answer with reference to Source A.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) According to Source A, can Germany sitting on the chair choose whether
or not to accept the ‘peace pie’? Explain your answer with reference to
Source A.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Infer, with reference to Source B, how the Nazi Party of Germany
viewed the Treaty of Versailles.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
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Source A
‘…and the Wolf chewed up the children and spit out their bones… But those
were Foreign Children and it really didn’t matter.’
An American cartoon published in 1941
Source B
The following extract is adapted from the memoirs of Winston Churchill,

the British Prime Minister, about the entry of the US in the Second World
War:
In two or three minutes Mr. Roosevelt came through. … ‘It’s quite true,’ he
replied. ‘They have attacked us at Pearl Harbor. We are all in the same boat
now.’
To have the United States at our side was to me the greatest joy. … Now at this
very moment I knew the United States was in the war… So we had won after
all! ... Hitler’s fate was sealed. Mussolini’s fate was sealed. As for the Japanese,
they would be ground to powder.
(1) What kind of American foreign policy does Source A reflect? Explain
your answer.
__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Which event made the United States adopt such foreign policy? Explain
your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________
(3) According to Source B, Roosevelt said ‘They have attacked us at Pearl

Harbor’. Who did ‘They’ refer to? Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) Did the American participation lead to the victory of the Allies in the
Second World War? Explain your answer using your own knowledge.
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Source A
The following extract is adapted from a speech by Hitler on 26 September
1938:
I further assured him [Chamberlain, Prime Minister of Britain] and I repeat

here that if this problem is solved, there will be no further territorial problems
in Europe for Germany.
And I further assured him that at the moment… the Czech State no longer
interests me and that, if you please, I give him the guarantee: We do not want
any Czechs.
Source B
*Reich refers to the period when Germany was ruled by Hitler.
(1) Which agreement between Chamberlain and Hitler is reflected in Source

A? What place did Hitler get?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

(2) What kind of British foreign policy was reflected by such agreement?
Explain your answer using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Was such foreign policy effective in preventing invasions? Explain your
answer with reference to Source B and using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
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Source A
The following extract is adapted from a speech by Konoe Fumimaro, Prime

Minister of Japan, on 28 September 1940:
Our object in continuing this war of Resistance is to complete the task of

national revolution and secure for China independence, liberty and equality.
Internationally, our object is to support righteousness and justice, restore the
prestige of treaties, and re-establish peace and order. This is a war between
good and evil, between right and wrong. It is a war between justice and force,
and a war between an abider by the law and a breaker of it. It is also a war
between righteousness and brute-force.
Source B
Japan: ‘Do they seriously think this is going to stop me?’
A cartoon about the Japanese expansion
(1) According to Source A, why did Japan continue the war of Resistance?
__________________________________________________________
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(2) According to Source B, do you think that Japan would continue its
invasions?
__________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) What invasions did Japan carry out in the 1930s? Explain your answer
using your own knowledge.
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Source A
The above British cartoon was published in September 1942. The two men in the
cartoon represent Germany (left) and Japan (right) respectively.
Source B
The following extract is about the experiences of a German soldier who
had participated in the Battle of Stalingrad* in November 1942:
After only a week, the Red Army had closed the ring around Stalingrad so
tightly that there was no way out. … These rations contributed to the rapid
weakening of the fighting power of the troops. Icy winds, snowdrifts, no roof
overhead, and an empty stomach – all of that affected strength for combat.
Only the fear of the Russians and captivity sustained our fighting morale to
some extent.
* The Battle of Stalingrad (1942-1943) was a battle in which Nazi Germany and
its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (now
Volgograd) in southern Russia.
(1) According to Source A, what were Germany and Japan doing? Were they
worried about the situation of the Second World War?
__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
(2) According to Source A, do you think that the ‘Axis Success’ would last?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) What change happened in the situation of the Axis Powers in the year the
cartoon published? Explain your answer using your own knowledge.
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(4) How does Source B reflect the low morale of the German soldiers?
__________________________________________________________
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(5) How did the Axis Powers keep losing ground since 1942? Explain your
answer using your own knowledge.
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Source A
Potsdam Conference
Date: July-August 1945 Venue: Potsdam, Germany

Participants: President Truman of the US, Prime Minister Attlee of Britain,
Stalin of the Soviet Union
Decisions on post-war settlements – Germany:

 Germany’s military industry would be destroyed in order that it might not
wage war again, but its light industry and agriculture would be revived in
order to rebuild its economy.
 The US, Britain and the Soviet Union could get compensation from their
own occupation zones in Germany.
 Germany had to cede to Poland a large piece of territory in the east. East
Prussia was to be partitioned by Poland and the Soviet Union.
Source B
Treaty of Versailles
Article 45 Germany shall give the mining right of the Saar to France.
Article 119 Germany shall give up all its overseas colonies.
Article 159 Germany shall reduce the size of its army.
Article 181 The German Navy shall include not more than six battleships,
six cruisers, twelve destroyers and twelve torpedo boats. No
submarine is to be owned.
Article 198 Germany shall not have an air force.
Article 231 Germany shall bear all the war responsibility and pay
compensation for the powers.
(1) According to Source A, how was Germany punished in the Potsdam

Conference?
__________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) How did the Potsdam Conference and the Treaty of Versailles show the
determination in weakening Germany?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
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(3) If you were Germany, with only two choices, would you choose to
accept the arrangement of the Potsdam Conference or the terms of the
Treaty of Versailles? Explain your answer,
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__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
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Source A
A poster published after the Second World War
Source B
A cartoon showing the diplomatic policy of the US after the First World War

(1) According to Source A, what is the attempt of the bear representing the
Soviet Union?
__________________________________________________________
(2) Which country, the United States or the Soviet Union, was the cartoon
published by? Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) What kind of foreign policy does Source B reflect?

__________________________________________________________
(4) Why did the United States give up such foreign policy after the Second
World War? Explain your answer using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________

Source A
The following extract is adapted from a speech by President Truman of the
US to the Americans in 1951:
In the simplest terms, what we are doing in Korea is this: We are trying to
prevent a Third World War.
I have another secret intelligence report here… communist officer in the Far
East… said: ‘In order to successfully undertake the long awaited world
revolution, we must first unify Asia.... Java, Indo-China, Malaya, India, Tibet,
Thailand, Philippines, and Japan are our ultimate targets. … The United States
is the only obstacle on our road for the liberation of all countries in Southeast
Asia. In other words, we must unify the people of Asia and crush the United
States.’
Source B
The Cu Chi Tunnel of North Vietnamese troops for fighting against the US
(1) According to Source A, which war was the United States fighting?
__________________________________________________________
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(2) Apart from local military conflicts, which characteristic of the Cold War
does Source A show? Explain your answer with reference to Source A
and using your own knowledge.
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(3) Which war does Source B show?

__________________________________________________________
(4) What was the result of this war? Explain your answer using your own
knowledge.
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__________________________________________________________

Source A
Source B
The signing ceremony for the entry of West Germany into NATO

(1) According to Source A, how was East and West Germany formed after
the Berlin Blockade? Explain your answer with reference to Source A
and using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Was the problem of Berlin solved after the creation of East and West
Germany? Explain your answer using your own knowledge.
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__________________________________________________________
(3) What Soviet action was caused by the situation in Source B? Explain
your answer using your own knowledge.
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__________________________________________________________
(4) What change(s) did the military organisations set up during the Cold War
experience in 1991? Explain your answer using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The following extract is adapted from the acceptance speech of Gorbachev
for the 1990 Nobel Peace Prize:
In this respect, the year 1990 represents a turning point. It marks the end of the
unnatural division of Europe. Germany has been reunited. We have begun
resolutely to tear down the material foundations of a military, political and
ideological confrontation.
Source B
*Perestroika: rebuilding the national economy

Glasnost: carrying out a political reform which introduced democratic and
liberal ideas
A cartoon about the reforms carried out by Gorbachev
(1) According to Source A, was Gorbachev recognised by the international

society?
__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
(2) Why did Gorbachev win the Nobel Peace Prize? Explain your answer
using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) According to Source B. what problems did the Soviet Union face?
__________________________________________________________
(4) How did Gorbachev’s policies lead to the end of the Cold War? Explain
your answer with reference to Sources A and B, and using your own
knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
Source B
The following extract is adapted from a speech by Martin Schulz, President
of the European Parliament, given on the 25th anniversary of the Berlin
Wall:
A wall which symbolised the arbitrary division of Germany and Europe,

guarded by soldiers, fortified by barbed wire, made concrete by this very Wall,
a wall of fear, across which two superpowers eyed one another as enemies; at
which two political systems collided; a wall which had brutally rent families, a
country, an entire continent apart. This painful division was ended by a
peaceful revolution. Not one single tank rumbled through the streets. Not one
single shot was fired. Not one single drop of blood was shed. A magical
moment in the history of Germany and the start of a new era in Europe.
(1) How does Source A show the unification of East and West Germany?
__________________________________________________________
(2) Did the author of Source B support the existence of the Berlin Wall?
Explain your answer with reference to Source B.

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Was the process of the fall of the Berlin Wall peaceful? Explain your
answer with reference to Source B.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) What were the other events that marked the end of the Cold War?
Explain your answer using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Answers
1. (1) Britain. The fat man representing Britain is sitting on the step with ‘naval
supremacy’ written.
(2) No. The cartoonist depicted Britain as a fat man who sits steadily on the
step of ‘naval supremacy’; Germany is very small and it can hardly push
Britain down.
(3) dreadnought; one; intensified
(4) No. Until 1914, the number of German dreadnoughts was less than Britain.
German naval power failed to surpass Britain.
2. (1) Joining the First World War. The lyrics said ‘we won't come back till it's
over, over there’.
(2) Positive. The lyrics said ‘To be proud her boy’s in line’. This reflects that
the songwriter thought that joining the First World War is something to
take pride of.
(3) No. After the United States had declared war on Germany. In early 1918,
Germany made several major attacks on the Western Front, but all of the
attempts failed. Then, the Allied Powers counter-attacked.
3. (1) No. Serbia and Austria-Hungary was attacking each other. They had a bad
relationship.
(2) Yes. Kaiser William II declared that ‘war would be unavoidable for us’. At
the same time, German fleet was prepared for a war against England.
(3) According to Source A, Germany does not stop Serbia and Austria-
Hungary from attacking each other. Source B reflects that Germany
thought the war was unavoidable. In my own knowledge, Germany gave
Austria-Hungary unlimited support after the Sarajevo Incident and Austria-
Hungary then declared war on Serbia. The First World War broke out.
4. (1) No. The war started in the summer. Kaiser William II thought that the
soldiers would be home before the leaves fell from the trees in the autumn.
(2) Germany adopted the Schlieffen Plan. It intended to invade France through
neutral Belgium.
(3) No. The cartoon shows that Kaiser William II also doubts if it is the easiest
road. In my own knowledge, the Schlieffen Plan did not succeed but it

forced Germany to fight on both Eastern and Western Fronts.

(4) Source A reflects that Kaiser William II thought that the First World War
would end soon but it lasted for four years. Source B reflects that Germany
thought that the Schlieffen Plan would help Germany secure a speedy
defeat of France but it was in fact much harder than expected. Not only did
Germany fail to defeat France but it was forced into a two-front war.
5. (1) Morocco. The cartoon was published in 1905 when the First Moroccan
Crisis happened; the cartoon was entitled ‘Tangier’, which is a city of
northern Morocco.
(2) France. Germany was defeated at the end and France got control of
Morocco.
(3) Yes. There was the Second Moroccan Crisis in 1911. Since Britain
supported France, Germany lost again.
(4) After the Franco-Prussian War, the French people developed strong
revengeful feelings against the Germans. They wanted to defeat Germany
and take back Alsace and Lorraine. Germany formed the Triple Alliance to
isolate France and prevent it from taking revenge. The relationship
between France and Germany worsened.
6. (1) The Treaty of Versailles. The cartoon was published in 1919 when the
Paris Peace Conference was held. In the Conference, Germany signed the
Treaty of Versailles.
(2) No. In the cartoon, Germany was panic when sitting on the chair. The
Great Powers were holding the ‘peace pie’ representing the Treaty of
Versailles. They are walking close to Germany who is weak and has no
choice at all.
(3) The Nazi Party suggested breaking the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. In
the cartoon, the man breaks the handcuffs. He is not afraid of the big
snake. The cartoon implies that the Nazi Party would no longer be bound
by the Treaty of Versailles.
7. (1) Isolationism. The woman ‘American First’ tells a story to the children by
saying: ‘the Wolf chewed up the children and spit out their bones… But
those were Foreign Children and it really didn’t matter’. This reflects that
the United States thought that it did not have to intervene as long as
Hitler’s invasions did not affect the United States.
(2) The Great Depression. The Great Depression in 1929-1933 badly hit the

American economy. The United States mainly focused on solving the

problems brought by the Great Depression. Therefore, it adopted
isolationism to avoid getting involved in the European affairs.
(3) Japan. On 7 December 1941, Japan suddenly attacked the American naval
base in Pearl Harbor.
(4) Yes. In September 1943, the Allies landed at Italy and Italy surrendered; in
May 1945, the Allies attacked Berlin from the east and west which made
Germany surrender; on 6 and 9 August 1945, the United States dropped an
atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki respectively which made Japan
later declare unconditional surrender and the Second World War ended.
8. (1) The Munich Agreement. According to this agreement, the Sudetenland in

Czechoslovakia was given to Hitler.
(2) The appeasement policy. In order to recover its economy and make use of
Germany to check Communist Soviet Union, it adopted an appeasement
policy towards German invasion.
(3) No. According to Source B, Hitler invaded the whole Czechoslovakia after
getting the Sudetenland. Hitler broke the Munich Agreement. Not only did
the appeasement policy failed to prevent further invasions of Hitler but it
encouraged that. Hitler invaded Poland after getting Czechoslovakia and
the Second World War broke out.
9. (1) Japan had to complete the task of national revolution and secure for China
independence, liberty and equality. It also had to support righteousness and
justice internationally.
(2) Yes. According to Source B, the man representing Japan is knocked but he
is holding weapons. ‘Do they seriously think this is going to stop me?’ He
said. This reflects that Japan did not take the condemnation of the League
of Nations seriously and it would continue its invasions.
(3) Japan launched the Lugouqiao Incident on 7 July 1937 to invade Beiping;
it launched the Shenyang Incident on 18 September 1931 to invade the
Northeast Provinces of China; it occupied Shanghai on 28 January 1932.
10. (1) Germany and Japan are enjoying sun bath on the beach. They do not worry
about the war situation and feel relaxed.
(2) No. A large piece of dark cloud is moving close to the sun representing
unbroken Axis success. This reflects that the victory of the Axis Powers
would not last long.

(3) In June 1942, Japan was heavily defeated by the United States at the
Midway Islands.
(4) Source B shows that rations led to the rapid weakening of the fighting
power of the troops. Only the fear of the Russians and captivity sustained
the fighting morale
(5) In June 1942, Japan was heavily defeated by the United States at the
Midway Islands; in September 1943, the Allies landed at Italy and made it
surrender; in February 1945, the United States defeated Japan again at Iwo
Jima; Germany surrendered in May 1945; Japan also surrendered in 1945
after the dropping of two atomic bombs.
11. (1) Germany’s military industry was destroyed and it could not wage war; the
US, Britain and the Soviet Union could get compensation from their own
occupation zones in Germany; Germany lost vast territories.
(2) The Potsdam Conference destructed Germany’s military power by
destroying its military industry; the Treaty of Versailles made Germany
reduce the size of its army, limited the number of German fleets and
forbade Germany to have an air force.
(3) I would accept the arrangement of the Potsdam Conference. Although the
Potsdam Conference destructed Germany’s military power, it revived
Germany’s light industry and agriculture. However, the Treaty of Versailles
did not include any arrangement to revive Germany’s economy. Instead, it
made Germany bear the sole responsibility of the First World War.
12. (1) It hugs the globe and attempts to swallow it.

(2) The United States. The cartoon was published after the Second World War.
It was the time of the Cold War. The United States published the cartoon to
satirise the Soviet ambition to spread its influence to the world.
(3) Isolationism.
(4) The United States learnt a lesson from the outbreak of the Second World
War. When it saw the continual expansion of the Soviet Union after the
War, it decided to give up isolationism and counter the Soviet influence.
13. (1) Korean War. The speech was given in 1951, the period during the Korean
War; Truman mentioned ‘what we are doing in Korea’. It refers to the
American action of leading the UN forces to help the South Koreans fight
the communists.
(2) Spying activities. During the Cold War, both sides carried out spying

activities. According to Source A, Truman pointed out that the United

States had secret intelligence about the words of a communist officer in the
Far East. The United States then learnt that the communist bloc intended to
spread its influence to the world and hit the United States.
(3) Vietnam War.
(4) In 1975, North Vietnam took Saigon and unified the whole country under
communist rule. The United States lost the war.
14. (1) In May 1949, the western zones in Germany were united to form the
Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). It belonged to the
capitalist bloc. In October 1949, the Soviet zone became the German
Democratic Republic (East Germany). It belonged to the communist bloc.
(2) No. The East Germans kept trying to escape to the West. To stop them, the
government of East Germany built the Berlin Wall in 1961. The problem
became more complicated.
(3) In the same year of West Germany joining NATO, the Soviet Union and
the Eastern European countries formed the Warsaw Pact.
(4) In 1991, the Soviet Union dissolved, and then the Warsaw Pact collapsed.
The Eastern European countries became NATO members.
15. (1) Yes. Gorbachev won the Nobel Peace Prize. He was recognised
internationally.
(2) Gorbachev carried out political reforms by relaxing the Soviet control over
the communist countries in Eastern Europe and worked to improve
relations with the United States. All these helped ease the tensions between
countries and made great contribution to maintaining world peace.
(3) The country was unstable. Riots and strikes annoyed the country.
(4) Source A shows that Gorbachev brought world peace. Source B shows that
Gorbachev carried out economic and political reforms. In my own
knowledge, Gorbachev carried out democratic reforms. For example, he
ended the dictatorship of the Communist Party, reduced the number of
Soviet troops stationed there and worked to improve relations with the
United States. All these helped to end the Cold War.
16. (1) The Berlin Wall fell. East and West Germans reunion.
(2) No. The author described the Berlin Wall as arbitrary and its fall brought
the start of a new era in Europe.
(3) Yes. According to Source B, the Berlin Wall was pulled down by a

peaceful revolution. No violence involved and no one got hurt.

(4) In March 1991, the Warsaw Pact was abolished; in 1991, many republics
within the Soviet Union declared their independence and then the Soviet
Union no longer existed.

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World History Express S3T1 International conflicts and threats to

2016 New DBQs (Elementary Level) peace in the 20th century

1. Study the sources below and answer the following questions.

A British cartoon in 1909

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2. Study the source below and answer the following questions.

Over there, over there,

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3. Study the sources below and answer the following questions.

A cartoon published in July 1914

Kaiser William II declared… Should Russia support the Serbs, ‘which it

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4. Study the sources below and answer the following questions.

Weary Willy: ‘I'm beginning to doubt whether this is the

(2) According to Source B, how did Germany advance to France? Explain

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5. Study the source below and answer the following questions.

A cartoon published in 1905, entitled ‘Tangier’ (a city of northern Morocco)

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6. Study the sources below and answer the following questions.

A cartoon about the Treaty of Versailles published in 1919

A postcard published in the 1930s by Nazi Germany

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7. Study the sources below and answer the following questions.

An American cartoon published in 1941

The following extract is adapted from the memoirs of Winston Churchill,

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(3) According to Source B, Roosevelt said ‘They have attacked us at Pearl

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8. Study the sources below and answer the following questions.

I further assured him [Chamberlain, Prime Minister of Britain] and I repeat

*Reich refers to the period when Germany was ruled by Hitler.

(1) Which agreement between Chamberlain and Hitler is reflected in Source

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9. Study the sources below and answer the following questions.

The following extract is adapted from a speech by Konoe Fumimaro, Prime

Our object in continuing this war of Resistance is to complete the task of

Japan: ‘Do they seriously think this is going to stop me?’

A cartoon about the Japanese expansion

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Date: July-August 1945 Venue: Potsdam, Germany

Decisions on post-war settlements – Germany:

(1) According to Source A, how was Germany punished in the Potsdam

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A poster published after the Second World War

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(3) What kind of foreign policy does Source B reflect?

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(3) Which war does Source B show?

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