LEA DEFINITION OF TERMS

A
Administration of Police Organization - It is the systematic structure of management of a police
organization.
Area- a section or territorial division of a large city each comprised of designated districts.
Auxiliary Services All non-line not regarded as staff service are classified as auxiliary services.
Arms trafficking or sometimes arms smuggling/dealing is the illegal selling of firearms. The new law on
trafficking is R. A. No. 10591.

Alertness to crime theory. As a nation develops, people's alertness to crime is heightened.

Australian Federal Police Most of the information provided herein was taken from the police force’s
official website.

A VISION – is a dream, a statement of the aspirations of the organization in the future.

B
Bureau - the largest organic functional unit within a large department. It comprises of numbers of
divisions.
Beat - an area assigned for patrol purposes, whether foot or motorized.
Branch -usually the largest unit within station

bilateralism means “the practice of promoting trade between two countries through agreements
concerning quantity and price of commodities.
Budget – financial plan listing the resources or funds assigned to particular program, product or division.

C
Commanding Officer- an officer who is in command of the department, a bureau, a division, an area, or
a district.
Chain of Command
Primarily this principle provides for the vertical movement of authority up and down established
channels in the organizational hierarchy.
Coordination The organizational structure must facilitate the development of close, friendly, and co-
operative relations, especially between line and staff activities.
Cultural globalization – sharing of beliefs and ideas;
“Cybercrime is any criminal activity that involves a computer, networked device or a network.”
Common law systems are also known as Anglo-American justice, and exist in most English-speaking
countries of the world, such as the U.S., England, Australia, and New Zealand.
Civil law systems are also known as Continental justice or Romano-Germanic justice, and practiced
throughout most of the European Union as well as elsewhere, in places such as Sweden, Germany,

France, and Japan .

Controlling can be defined as the continual analysis and measurement of actual operations against the
established standards developed during the planning process.

D
Department Rules- rules established by department directors\superiors to control the conduct of the
members of the police force.
Duty Manual -describes the procedures and defines the duties of officers assigned to specified post or
position.
Discipline is administered in this type of the organization.
Division - partof the branch having a department-wide function
Death March -The Japanese had taken Manila but were surprised that nodefense forces were waiting to
be captured.
“Drug trafficking, also known as drug distribution, is thecrime of selling, transporting, or illegally
importing unlawful controlled substances, suchas heroin, cocaine, marijuana, or other illegal drugs.”
Demographic theory. It is based on the event when a greater number of children are being born.

Deprivation theory. It holds that progress comes along with rising expectations.

Decision Making – is a process of identifying options and choosing those courses of action necessary to
perform a given task.

E
Environmental crimes. -These are crimes that endanger our environment from the land, sea, and air,
including the creatures that live in them.

Economic or migration theory. It states that crime everywhere is the result of unrestrained migration
and overpopulation in urban areas such as ghettos and slums.

Environmental Analysis – is the assessment of external factors; physical environment, geographical

location and the social climate n order to cope with the rapid changes in the environment.

F
functional organization in its pure form is rarely found in present day organizations,except at or near
the top of the very large organizations.
Formal Organization-is defined as those organizations that are formally established for explicit
purpose of achieving certain goals.
Folk-communal society- has little codification of law, no specialization among police, and a system of
punishment that just let things go for a while without attention until things become too much, and then
harsh, barbaric punishment is resorted to.

Forecasting -Seeing ahead and making sound assumptions. Begin with the end in mind. Use your
intuition based on a sound reflection of a past experiences.

Field Procedures – are procedures used in all situations which are outlined as a guide to officers and
men in the field.

G
Guardia Civil took over peacekeeping duties in the islands under aRoyal Decree.
Globalization is a general term not only used in the field of Criminology. Hence,
there are various definitions readily available on the web.
Geographic globalization – travel to different places and changes in territorial
organizations;

H
Hue and Cry - asystem of apprehending a criminal whereby a complaint goes to the middle of thestreet
and shouts to call all males to assemble. 
Human trafficking -involves the recruitment, transportation, harbouring and/ or exercising control,
direction or influence over the movements of a person in order to exploit that person, typically through
sexual exploitation or forced labour.”
Human smuggling -This is the illegal moving of persons from one country to another.
Headquarters Procedures – are procedures used in the headquarters such as the duties of the
administrative personnel, finance officer, desk officer, radio operator

I
Informal Organization- are those sharing the basic characteristic of all organizations arise through the
social interactions of individuals or through family grouping.
line and staff organization is a combination of the line and functional types.

Islamic systems are also known as Muslim or Arabic justice, and derive all their procedures and
practices from interpretation of the Koran.
International relations focus on how countries, people and organizations interact and globalization is
making a profound effect on International relations.

J
Justice of thePeace - this was position which gives a person the power to arrest, pursueand impose
imprisonment.
Japanese police system is composed of national and prefectural police. The law which created this police
system is the Police Act of 1945.

K
Koban system provides local residents with safety and peace through daily contacts of police officers
with residents in the area

L
Length of Service- the period of time that has elapsed since the oath of office was administered.
Previous active services may be included or added.
Line Organization -The straight line organization, often called the individual,military or departmental
types of organization, is the simplest and perhaps the oldest types
Leading is a critical activity in all organizations. It can be defined as the act of motivating or causing
people to perform certains tasks intended to achieve specific objectives. It is the art of making things
happen.
M
Modern Concept -police service today has broadened its activities to include certain aspect ofsocial
service for the welfare of the people.
Magna-Carta- laws were enacted upon the demand of the Knights of the Round Table andforced the
king to sign the same.
Money laundering -is theprocessing of these criminal proceeds to disguise their illegal origin.”
Modernization theory. It sees the problem as society becoming too complex.
Multilateralism -requires states to follow international norms and pay more respect to
international institutions; this is contrasted with unilateralism, where a single state can
influence how international relations can be conducted.”

O
Order – an instruction given by a ranking officer to a subordinate
organizational structure is a mechanical means of depicting, by an arrangement of symbols,the
relationships that exist between individuals, groups, and functional relationships.
Old Concepts -this old philosophy means throwing more people in jail rather than keepingthese out jail. 
Opportunity theory. According to this theory, along with higher standards of living, victims become
more careless of their belongings, and opportunities for committing crime multiply.

Organizing is the process of obtaining and arranging people (staffing) and physical resources to carry out
plans and accomplish organizational objectives. It is a continuing process in any organization.

Organization Audit – the assessment of the organization’s capability to adequately respond with the
increasing demands of its constituents.

Operational Planning It involves the proper dissemination of the whole details of a plan to all members
of the organization, specially those who will take part in the execution of a plan.

Organization missions are collection of personal missions. When members realize that their organization
is their vehicle of their personal missions, their energies and efforts are multiplied.

P
Police organization is a group of trained personnel in the field of public safety administration engaged
in the achievement of goals and objectives that promotes the maintenance of crimes.
Police is a branch of the criminal justice system that has the specific responsibility of maintaining law
and order and combating crime within the society.
POLITIA organization is from the Greek word POLITEIA which means government, citizenship, or the
entire activity of a POLIS, a city.
Post - a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for duty, such as a designated desk or
office or an intersection or cross walk from traffic duty.It is a spot location for general guard duty.
police department is truly a complex bureaucracy. It is mostly a multi-level organization,organized in
the form of a pyramid with the top-level administrator being the chief of police.
patrol officer is the backbone of the police department.
Piracy is the robbing of ship passengers’ belongings which may include murder or rape or the attacking
or seizing of sea vessels and/or their cargos.

PLANNING AS A MANAGEMENT -is defined as the use of people and other resources to accomplish
objectives. This definition is applicable to all organizational structure, both profit-oriented and non-
profit. The process of management is as important to the effective functioning of any organization.

Post-modern society, where the emphasis is upon the meaning of words and the deconstruction of
institutions.

Planning can be defined as the process by which managers set objectives, assess the future, and develop
courses of action to accomplish these objectives. All managers are involved in planning activities.

Plans – are detailed expression of actions necessary to accomplish stated organizational objectives.

Q
Quick decisions can be made in the line organization because of the direct lines authority.
Quantitative Plans – cash flows, budgets, financial projections, etc. scheduling plans Gantt Chart

R
Route -a length of streets designated for patrol purposes. It is also called LINE BEAT.
 Ranking Officer- the officer who has the senior rank in a team or group.
 Report - usually a written communication unless otherwise specifies to be verbal reports; verbalreports
should be confirmed by written communication.
Responsibility for making decisions is well identified. Singleness of purpose is fostered.
Robert Pell who was made to be the first head of the policeorganization. He was referred as
the Fatherof Modern Policing system due to his contributions in the modernization ofthe police force.

S
 Sworn Officers-all personnel of the police department who have oath and who posses the power to
arrest.
Superior Officer- one having supervisory responsibilities, either temporarily or permanently, over
officers of lower rank.
Special Duty -the police service, its nature, which requires that the officer be excused from the
performance of his active regular duty.
Suspension - a consequence of an act which temporarily deprives an officer from the privilege of
performing his duties as result of violating directives or other department regulations.
Socialist systems are also known as Marxist-Leninist justice, and exist in many places, such as Africa and
Asia, where there had been a Communist revolution or the remnants of one.
Span of Control-The number of officers or units reporting directly to the supervisor should not exceed
the number that can be feasibly and effectively coordinate and directed.

Shire-Rieve System- England at the time of William Norman,divided England into 55military districts
known as the Shire-Rieve.
Star Chambercourt - a special court which try offenses against the state.
Scotland Yard was passed by theparliament of England.
Singapore Police System Most information provided herein was taken from the police force’s website.
The police organization of Singapore is the Singapore Police Force (SPF).

T
The Continental Theory - police are servant of higher authorities and the people have little or no share
at all in their duties, nor any direct connection with them.
Transnational Crimes -Just like globalization, transnational crime has various references. It is however,
more specific to the field of criminology.
The Home Rule Theory - policemen are considered as servants of the community who defend for the
effectiveness of their function upon the express wishes of the people.
Time The police service is among the few public services that maintain a twenty-four hour schedule.
Territory-Territorial distribution is necessary to ensure theavailability and general suitability of the patrol
service throughout ajurisdiction. 
Tun Policing System- Tun is the forerunner of the word town. Under this system all maleresidents are
required to guard the town and to preserve the peace and control,to protect life and property from harm
or disturbance.
The Royal Jude -a person who conducts criminal investigation and gives punishment.
Punishmentusually fits the crime committed.
Trial by Ordeal- a system of determining guilt and innocence in the ancient times which wasbased on
painful test of skills. 
Terrorism - is commonly understood to refer to acts of violence that target civilians in the pursuit of
political or ideological aims.”

Theory of anomie and synomie. It suggests that progressive lifestyles and norms result in the
disintegration of older norms that once held people together (anomie).

TIME MANAGEMENT – is the proves of effectively allocating time among different tasks, is the key factor
in managerial effectiveness.

U
Unit -functional group within a section; or the smallest functional group within an organization.
 Unity of command requires that an individual be directly accountable to only one superior. No person
can effectively serve twosuperiors at a given time.
Urban-commercial society- has civil law, specialized police forces, and punishment is inconsistent,
sometimes harsh, sometimes lenient.

Urban-industrial society- not only has codified laws but laws that prescribe good behavior, police
become specialized in how to handle property crimes,

V
W
Watch or Shift - A time division of the day to ensure proper allocation of personnel.