Now practise the skills you have learnt by answering the questions on Reading Passage 6, Reading Passage 6 tory of chocolate ‘A Thotistory of chocolate state in South America andthe Amazon. Ancient man picked the sweet tat the trees and ato throwing avay the seeds The poo the cacao tree tasted sweet, ke aprio's, whereas the beans ~ or seeds ~ inside the pod were biter t's not rown when ancient ciizations found out how to use the cacao’s sees. It might have been ty accident, when the Beas fl into a fire and roast, easing a chocolate sme — however, the use at cacao beans a a food probabiy tok pace during the time of he Omecs 8 The Olmecs (1200 to 3008) were an ancient rie trom SouthCentral Mesco, They were the frst to grow the cacao plant ana use the beans. They hada name for these iter seeds that held secrets to heath and power: akawa, or cacao © Following the Oimecs the Mayen treasured cacao asa meine and fod, But hey ds ‘not make chocolate bars. Instead the beans were med wth cor and favouring to make savoury meals. These dishes were very iter - vary deren rom the chocolate we ea nw. D Many years later, between the 14th ard 16th centuries, the ates used the cacao bean 2s theiform of curercy mother words, beans were used ike cons. Ast of Ate trading prices looked someting ke this 1 smal rabbit ~ 30 cacao beans 1 turkey egg = 3 cacao beans 1 arg tomato = 1 cacao bean E Christopher Columbus saw how the people ot South America valved the beans, bute thought they were a typeof nut ~an almond. Although he brought cacao beens back to Spain wth him nobody knew what they were or what to do wth them. F Then, in 1519, Herman Cortes rived a the great cout ofthe Aztec king, Montezuma. He and his crow saw how the Aztecs sed chocolate Cortes himset cnt enjoy the Aztecs bitter ‘brew, but he recognized its value, He wrote to King Carlos | of Spain that chocolate was a “ink that builds up esitance and gh fatigue”. & Ate the Spaish conquered the Aztecs ard began buiing setiements inthe New Word, they adopted many of the foods of the native people, including chocolate. European immigrants to the New Wor brought sugar and other fods to South and Cental America, an the Spanish ‘settlers began drinking chocolate hot and sweet. K {took a royal wedding to make chocolate a star in Europe. When the Spanish princess, Maria Theresa, came tothe Fench cour at Versi to mary King Lous XW in 1660, she brought her precious cacao beans wth her. Hot chocolate was served a the wedding andthe bride's ests loved it though chocolate was expensive its poplaty spread in France and England Hot chocolate was served in ‘chocolate houses, nat unlike the cafés you se on every street corner oday 1 The 19h-century Industrial Revolution sa inventons that changed the nature of chocolate, particularly in Switzerland. Fr example, Swiss chemist Hear Nestlé verted a proces to create powered milk and together wth Daniel Petar, a chocolate manufacturer, he reatec the very fst ik chocolate barn 1879 nthe same year, RudlpheLindtnvented the conche machine andthe process known as conching’ which made shiny, smoath an creamy chocolate. These advances made the Swi he leaders of chocolate manuactnng, and throughout the 1h century they produce 12,000 pounds of chocolate per Swiss ctizen per yar, most of for export1 Complete the flow chart. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each “ ‘the history of chocolate South America and the Amazon: (1). eaten but not beans. South Central Mexico: (2). the first to use the beans. ‘Mayans used beans in (3) dishes. (bitter, not sweet) Beans used as a type of (4). ~ to buy and sell things. Columbus brought cacao beans to Spain and Cortes recognized health properties. Europeans brought sugar to the New World. _ Spanish in New World started to drink (5) hot chocolate Chocolate introduced to Europe during a (6) Hot chocolate drunk in (7), 2 Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. 1 Although the seeds ofthe cacao plant were bitter, the pod had a taste similar to 2 Ancient civilizations may have discovered how to use the cacao’s seeds by 3 To the Aztecs, one ‘was worth thirty cacao beans. 4 Maria Theresa's enjoyed hot chocolate when she got married. 5 Chocolate was popular in Europe, despite it being, 3 Complete the summary of paragraph I with the list of words A-H below. A chocolate bars B consumed € exported inventions E machine F manufacturer G powdered HM process ‘The birth of chocolate bars ‘Switzerland was responsibie for many of the 6 that redefined chocolate and they became leading chocolate manufacturers, Henri Nestlé made 7 milk, He then collaborated with Daniel Peter to make a Chocolate was made smoother through a 9 called conching, invented by Lindt. Most of the chocolate that was made in Switzerland was 10 & ‘ Study Skis: Reading =n