anges toner Reuss aca aT Ce a => acne ices nom 1. Brooding fo, ate 2. Cutting the Umbilical Cord Se a 3, Cutting the Needle Teeth @ 4, Prevention of Tail Biting. emgage, Kanone 5. Feeding with Colostrum Watigtrereaat 6. Piglet Identification 7. Iron Supplementation 8. Creep Feeding 9. Rearing the Orphan Pigs 10. Castration Pema Gagupgua Resa) | 11. Weaning Se mettre = IMPORTANT! At birth: © Piglets are still enclosed in a membrane which will usually break open as they are born, © Ensure that the breathing passage of all baby pigs clear. © Clean all mucous and make their body dry. Figure 1. Factors affecting the economics of swine production. i | Birth Weight Litter ize Born Alive (LS@8) Number of weaned PigletsFigure 2. Relationship between and among litter size, number of piglets weaned, and piglet survival. Total bom m Number weaned Piglet survival 73 13 n z 3 10 Be 9 n RRR RRERRRRRAR A Year Figure 3. Influence of birth weight on pre-weaning mortality. 1m Jourquin. etal redicted 20% Prewean mortality «0% 20% os 10 1s 20 Birch weight kg Figure 4. Correlation between birth weight and weaning weight. | | | | 1.75 kg 19 12 14 18 18 20 Body weight a birth (kg) g g 5.4 Body weight at weaning (k)-23 days of age & Source: IOMIN (2018)‘© heat transfer in acold environment ‘© prevents chilling and losses from crushing piglets ore less resitont to cold due to greater surface area in ‘lotion to boay weight piglets have very litle body fot ‘Studies show that... '* 15% ofthe baby pi_’s body heat is ost tothe flor by conduction ‘¢ 10% through the normal evaporation of water from the respiratory tract and skin '* Research indicates that een STRESSFUL! ‘uring frrowing reduces piglet ‘mortality How to warm a chilled piglet: «po wor oveRHEAT! ‘© dry pig thoroughly © Week 1 3032" © heat lamp © Week 2-6 29-30" © heat pad Week 7 above: 26-30°C (for kg) © wrap in towels 17-22°¢ (for 100k) hhold close to your body ‘© boxes/box-like compartments ‘* correct environmental temperature © most critical during the frst 6 days of post natal life © Day7-20 '© the capacity ofthe pig to regulate body temperature improves gradually ‘What? ‘© vital organ (during pregnancy) '* unnecessary and entrance of infection (after birth) When? ‘© umbilical artery s no longer beating ‘© generally “20-23 min after birth a why? ‘© prevent infection ‘Te the umbicus 1-2 inches rom the base uth teri tend ‘cut the umbilical cord with Bide below the nt. But, what if excese s Dipthe stump ofthe cord in tong bleeding occurc? Dipping iodine or merthiclate solution3. Cutting the Needle Teeth What? How? ‘© pairs of sharp teeth (2 on each ja) | # Handi the ie fly with one hand and © “black teeth”; "wolf teeth” upportit jaw withthe 3 fingers ‘© Press the beck of the neck with the ctl Handling thm © 15 minutes attr bith ‘and | * Iiert forefinger to one side of the ‘i mouth just behind. the needle teeth why? Restraint reaching forthe tis of the sngue ‘© provent injures (littermates and sows udder) ‘Fold the tongve upwards and push it ‘© avoid sow reluctance Inward ¥ ‘© With a disinfected tooth clipper, cut the tooth close tothe gum level SEIN evan crd ses nd cutee nts tothe gummed tongue . Prevention of Tail Biting Causes a tallinury | | sudden weather parasite |e changes infection deteve covereroucing & wrapped sale factor boredom a 4. Prevention of Tail Biting Measures 1. Eliminate excess humidity and stale air by improving ventilation. Prepare pig rations based on nutrient requirements. Wet feeding should be practiced, ‘Anthelmintic routine dosing should be done. Increase trough or feeder space pew Alleviate boredom.5. Colostrum Feeding What? © Colostrum - first form of milk; more minerals and protein, but less sugar and fat, compared with mature milk / When? | © Colostrum secretion - shortly before parturition and ends about 24-48 hrs after farrowing. How much? why? * A piglet needs to consume 200-400 g colostrum, © Sows on average produce about 3-4L of colostrum and the IgG © first 6 hrs - critical; absorption complete © after 16 hrs - gut closes Table 1. Comparison of nutrient content in sow colostrum and sow milk. a Papeaty rd Gerri) 6 (week of lactation) 12 Dry Matter (%) 21 2 Crude protein (%) 15 55 55 Crude fat (9) 5.0 . 5.6 61 Lactose (%) 40 i 55 55 Minerals (%) 06 ‘source: BIOMIN (2038) 6. Piglet Identification qualitative backyard © spots © color patterns ‘quantitative > ear tagging ear notching tattooing commercialPIG No. [ZI I4 Prevention ‘¢ intramuscular injection of iron dextran complex © Istdose: 3 days old © Inddose: 10 days old ‘© oral supplementation of soil iron © rooting © soil: 20-40 g/kg iron ‘© iron supplements as feed additives 2 iron salts © iron chelates © carbonyl iron Figure 4. Causes and signs of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). C0, and 0, transport Iron Deficiency Anemia formation of (ta hemoglobin aS low iron reserve at birth aes lack of Cu and Fe salts limited milk low iron content ofthe insows kept indoors diet fromsow sows colostrum and milk Ca inactive eres eer ey© feeding a solid diet to suckling piglets (3-7 days old; others: 7-10 days old) -— Sebypigsorebom | Creepfeedisone | Aspieserom.the switvacgestie | uaytobeiptre | igerive eave feymecties” | cigeivetranation _—ariae eter n tame, tre fromacaseto the gut Ampece ceneyeis ans, wesertaln estgned to bresk resting down doontelecose | Wutbebsby er | Grieg insow’s mi Hat Berar eer Importance Strategies © eases the transition from sow’s milk to ‘© start with a small amount for 2-3 days solid pig starter feed © clean, fresh water be available © initiates and promotes digestive enzyme © keep creep feed out of the sow’s reach development when placing it for piglets * provides supplemental nutrition place creep feed in the piglets’ comfort encourages feed intake zone; avoid placing it below a heat ‘¢ makes the piglet familiar with what source, near water sources or in pen becomes the sole diet at weaning corners improves pre-and post-weaning performance Figure 5. Pre- and post-weaning ADGs of piglets that consumed or did not consume (but were offered) creep feed (adapted from Shea et al., 2013). Creep eaters Creep noneaters day 26 = Weaning ‘Average Daily Gain (kg/day) iglet Age (days) * indicates statistical citterent average daily gain (ADS) Between eaters and noneaters (P <0.08)Figure 6. Piglet growth on sow milk only and sow milk plus creep feed (adapted from Pig Site). Liveweight (kg) [Mie & creep tk only es eee ce Age (weeks) Figure 7. Comparison between early and late offering of creep feed. veragepiget weightat Gioup 13 ples oer cep a3 nee Gimp Sere ey a7 Tomaseangoupinaneendcanen | 845i9 Consumption masnot mesuntetarfittew | ® 246K9 days, Uneaten pellets wasted was estimated at Bigeaken—> 18g Wogeaten—> 058g TTI ETESHURD WIS a5 me Source: A Agate Figure 8. Digestive enzyme activity pattern in your pigs (:p-1 on une miion sae, 995) Lactase actose) — tase (at) = — Anviase (catbotydrotes) —+— Proteases (protein) 005115225335 4455556657 ‘Age (weeks)Creep feed comes in many different formats including small pellets, mash, large pellets and crumbles. ‘small pellet mash we large pellet Orphan pigs are brought about by: ‘© death of sow after farrowing udder disturbances lactation failure high litter size What to do? © fostering © artificial feeding '* rotational feeding cow's colostrum What? ‘© surgical removal of the testicles When? © 5-10 days old (ITCPH) © easy handling © faster healing of wound © lower chances of infection © shock and possible interruption of growth is minimized © level of antibodies are still high © 7 days old (PIG, 2009) © 14 days old or earlier (ANSC 21 Manual) accumulation of compounds such state and ancrestenonm nthe mat of act rales ‘hat cuse an snglesant sel and tate tat is tleaed when pork ishented Why? avoid boar taint. prevent the undesirable individuals from perpetuating their kind © facilitate group feeding & other mngt practices © reduce aggression improve growth rate and carcass quality better feed efficiency‘Sterlizauon —- Handling & Restraint Cleaning & Disinfection Materials as ‘scalpel handle and blade © forceps : 1 paper towel ctor or ther wine Cone. Cowan’ Press, Pll ‘nish eanng a Disinteczon | ‘last job to be performed on the suckling pig (4-8 weeks old; or 30 kg at 28-30 days old) © stressful © overfeeding causes gut edema ‘Weaning Practices 1, Traditional Weaning (TW) 2. Conventional Weaning (CW) 3. Early Weaning (EW) 4. Very Early Weaning (VEW)