Notes

Body Fluids and Circulation

Double circulation & Cardiac cycle

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 Key Takeaways

The human circulatory 1

system

2 Double circulation

Pulmonary circulation

Systemic circulation
Cardiac cycle 3

Summary
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 Roadmap of Respiration

 
Common passage for
 
Conducting Zone
digestion and
respiration

01 03 05
02 04

     
Inhalation and Sound production Efficient gaseous
filtration of air exchange

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 The Human Circulatory System

Human circulatory system

Circulating fluid

Heart

Blood vessels

4
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 The Human Circulatory System

Veins

Blood vessels Capillaries

Arteries

5
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 Double Circulation

● There are two types of circulation systems:

○ Single circulation
○ Double circulation
● Fishes, crocodiles, frogs have single circulation.
● Human body has a double circulation system.
○ It is called so because the blood passes through
the heart twice in a single cycle.
○ It allows for clear separation of oxygenated blood
from the deoxygenated blood.
● There are two components of double circulation:
○ Pulmonary circulation
○ Systemic circulation

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 Double Circulation
Lungs
Pulmonary Pulmonary Pulmonary
Artery Circulation Vein

Right Right Left Left

atrium ventricle atrium ventricle

Systemic
Circulation
Vena cava Aorta
(Veins) (Arteries)
Tissues
Deoxygenated blood Oxygenated blood

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 Pulmonary Circulation

● Part of double circulation where the blood circulates

between:
○ The heart
○ The lungs
● Pulmonary artery carries the deoxygenated blood from
the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for
oxygenation,
● Pulmonary vein carries the oxygenated blood from the
lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

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 Systemic Circulation
● Part of double circulation where the blood circulates between:
○ The heart
○ Rest of the body
● Aorta carries the oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of
the heart to the rest of the body.
○ Aorta branches into smaller arteries and finally into very
small capillaries
○ Capillaries directly deliver blood to all the tissues of the
body
● Vena cava carries the deoxygenated blood from the body to
the right atrium of the heart.
○ Vena cava receives all the blood from smaller veins
which in turn receive blood from the capillaries.

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 Cardiac Cycle
Stage 1 Stage 1
Early Joint Diastole Late Joint Diastole

Ventricles Atria Ventricles Atria

Diastole (Relaxed) Diastole (Relaxed) Diastole (Relaxed) Diastole (Relaxed)
Atrioventricular valves Semilunar valves Atrioventricular valves Semilunar valves
Closed Closed Open Closed

What happens?
What happens? A-V valves open
Blood enters the atria
through the veins Some blood enters the
ventricles
70% of ventricles filled
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 Cardiac Cycle
Stage 2 Stage 3
Atrial Systole Early Ventricular Systole

Ventricles Atria Ventricles Atria

Diastole (Relaxed) Systole (Contract) Systole (Contract) Diastole (Relaxed)
Atrioventricular valves Semilunar valves Atrioventricular valves Semilunar valves
Open Closed Closed Closed

What happens? What happens?

Rest of the blood Ventricular
pumped from the atria contraction causes
to the ventricles. the A-V valves to
close.

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 Cardiac Cycle
Stage 3
Late Ventricular Systole

Ventricles Atria
Systole (Contract) Diastole (Relaxed)
Atrioventricular valves Semilunar valves
Closed Open

What happens?
Ventricular contraction
causes the semilunar valves
to open.
Blood is pumped into the
arteries.
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 Summary
Double circulation
Lungs
Pulmonary Pulmonary Pulmonary
artery circulation vein

Right Right Left Left

atrium ventricle atrium ventricle

Systemic
circulation
Vena cava Aorta
(Veins) (Arteries)
Tissues
Deoxygenated blood Oxygenated blood

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 Summary
Cardiac cycle

Stage 1
Stage 3
Early joint diastole
Late ventricular systole
All valves closed
Semilunar valves open
All chambers relaxed

Stage 1 Stage 3
Late joint diastole Early ventricular systole
AV valves open Ventricles contract

Stage 2
Atrial systole
Atria contract
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