Learning Outcomes:
geography is closely interrelated with concurrent
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. agree on a working definition of globalization for
the course;
2. differentiate the different concepts of globalization;
and
3. narrate and share a personal experience of
globalization Over the last century, efforts have been
made to bring various countries together.
All these efforts have been applied in enabling
human beings on the earth’s surface to come together
in all aspects of life. These aspects of human life
include social, political and economic aspects.
Integration effort has been seen to bear fruits. In the
current years, the world has been visualized as being a
global village, where the interactions of the people in
the world, has been of equivalent to the interaction in
one village or locality. Almost all parts of the world are
interconnected to the rest of the world in different
ways. Barriers, which initially isolated countries, have
been removed. In the recent times, higher levels of
integration have been achieved. Initially, countries
only integrated economically. This is now outdated.
Other areas of human life have also been put in the
circle of integration. This is commonly referred to as
globalization (Ghauri 22).
Globalization is the process by which
countries, economies, and regions have been
integrated in a global network. Countries’ economies,
cultures, and societies have been placed in the global
networks of communication, trade, transportation,
and immigration. Globalization is a societal
phenomenon wherein social barriers no longer exist
and the only thing that separates people from each
other is time and not geographical restrictions.
Human interactions will no longer be confined by
territorial means because people will coexist as
inhabitants of a single community with the aid of
technology and other innovations in communication,
transportation, etc.
Other Definitions of GLOBALIZATION
 Globalization is increasing interdependence of
national economies in trade, finance, and
macroeconomic policy.
 Globalization is diffusion of practices, values and
technology that have an influence on people`s lives
worldwide.
 A reconfiguration of social geography marked by
the growth of trans planetary and supra territorial
connections between people
 Globalization is a process fueled by and resulting in,
increasing cross- border flows of goods, services,
money, people, information, and culture.
 Globalization as a development in the structure of
developments in structures of production,
governance, identity and knowledge.
These definitions are in some ways related
and to some extent overlapping, but their emphases
are substantially different. The most common opinion
of globalization is internationalization. "Global" is
described as cross-border relations between
countries, and "globalization" incomes a growth of
international exchange and interdependence.
"Globalization" is found in enlarged movements
between countries of people, money, investments,
diseases, pollutants, messages, ideas etc. (Scholte
2005: 16). Internationalization is the process of
planning and implementing products and services so
that they can easily be adapted to specific local
languages and cultures, a process called localization.
The other main view of globalization is
liberalization. As liberation "globalization" means a
process of removing state-imposed restrictions on
movements between countries in order to create an
"open", "borderless" world economy. In recent
decades has been widespread reduction or even
abolition of regulatory trade barriers, foreign-
exchange restrictions, capital controls, and visas.
(Scholte 2005: 16).
Thirdly globalization is used as
universalization. In this means, "global" describes
"worldwide", and "globalization" is the process of
spreading various objects and experiences to people
all-around of the world. We could see the evidence of
"globalization" of the Gregorian calendar, tobacco,
rock music, automobiles, Chinese restaurants, cattle
farming, business suits, Barbie dolls, school curricula
and much more. Globalization-asuniversalization is
viewed as standardization and homogenization with
worldwide cultural, economic, legal and political
convergence. (Scholte 2005: 16).
Globalization is also widely used as
westernization or modernization; it is called also
Americanization. Here the social structures of
modernity like capitalism, rationalism, industrialism,
bureaucratism, individualism, and so on, are spread
the world over, normally destroying earlier-existent
cultures and local self-determination in the process.
"Globalization" in this sense is sometimes described as
imperialism of MacDonald`s, Hollywood and CNN.
Globalization understood in this way is often
interpreted as colonization, Americanization and
"westtoxication".
 Some authors talk about globalization as an
ideology of supposed progress that masks farreaching
subordination by the west of the rest. Current large
scale globalization has resulted mainly from forces of
modernity like rationalist knowledge, capitalist
production, and bureaucratic governance. It means
that governance institutions, firms, mass media,
academics and civil society associations in Western
Europe and North America have ranked among the
most enthusiastic promoters of contemporary
globalization. (Scholte 2005: 16, 58).
Why Study Globalization
1. It is important to study globalization and
development because it will help each one to become
more knowledgeable about the different phenomena
that are happening around the world right now thus,
overcoming parochialism. Parochialism is an outlook
that is limited to one’s immediate community. A
person who is concerned only with his/her immediate
family, village or even a country is parochial. The
parochial person is close minded. By studying
globalization, it will help you to widen and overcome
the limits of your imagination and outlook. (Claudio
and Abinales, The Contemporary World).
globalization is indeed an inescapable process and
that there is a need for us to be aware on the said
topic so that we would know where we stand. We
cannot allow ourselves to get left behind on
international issues especially when it comes to
matters as economic survival, global politics,
environmental concerns, etc. because who knows,
other countries might already be exploiting us
because of our ignorance. The only way that we can
prepare ourselves with the age of globalization is to
equip ourselves with necessary knowledge and skills
and continuous study of the world around us.
References: Singh, K. (2004). Questioning
Globalization. Manila: Ibon Books Rodrik, D. (2007).
One economics, many recipes: globalization,
institutions, and economic growth. New Jersey:
Princeton University Press Abinales and Claudio
(2018). The Contemporary World. C and E Publishing,
Inc.

2. The study of globalization will allow to have a

deeper understanding on the societal issues, so that
one can engage or participate actively in the
development and improvement in the different fields
such as politics, technology, science, culture,
economy, education, and the like. By being actively
involved, one would be able to contribute, work hand-
in-hand and think of ways in making our world a
better place to live in.

3. The study of globalization is inevitable because it is

where we are headed. This phenomenon of
globalization simply cannot be ignored. It is inevitable
and there is enough evidence to support this claim.
Statistical and graphical data found in the Global
Policy Forum site show that there is a growing rate of
global interconnectedness. For example, the number
of internet users grew from only 16 million in 1995 to
about 1.565 billion in 2008. Other relevant data
included there are the exponential growth of
international tourist arrivals and rate of migration.

4. The study of Globalization helps everyone become

connected with the whole world. By learning about
the various disciplines and approaches related to it, a
lot of opportunities will be open to contribute
something to the society. Hence, it will serve as the
passport not only to reach and understand more
other countries but most of all to achieve one’s goals
and dreams. Given these facts, we can conclude that