CONTENTS eee —_—_—_—_—_—————_—— (EE Unit 1: Changing Trends & Caree! Physical Education 1.2 Changing Trends in Sports— playing surface, wearable gears and sports equipment, 15 technological advancements 1.3 Career Options in Physical Education 16 1.4 Khelo India and Fit-India Programme 20 Unit 2: Olympism .. nee 25-32 2.1 Ancient and Modern Olympics 2s 2.2 Olympism — Concept and Olympic Values (Excellence, Friendship & Respect) 26 2.3 Olympics — Symbol, Motto, Flag, Oath and Anthem, e 2.4 Olympic Movement Structure — IOC, NOC, IFs, Other Members v Unit 3: Yoga . areas Be 3.1 Meaning and importance of Yoga 33 3.2 Introduction to Ashtanga Yoga 35 3.3 Introduction to Yogic Kriyas (Shat Karma) 39 Unit 4: Physical Education and Sports for CWSN (Children with Special Needs—Divyang) .. 4-54 4.1. Concept of Disability and Disorder 44 4.2 Types of Disability, its Causes and Nature (Intellectual Disability, Physical Disability) 45 4.3. Aim and Objectives of Adaptive Physical Education 48 44 Role of Various Professionals for Children with Special Needs—Counsellors, Occupational Therapist, 50 Physiotherapist, Physical Education Teacher, Speech Therapist and Special Educator Unit 5: Physical Fitness, Health and Wellness .. 55-68 5.1 Meaning and Importance of Wellness, Health and Physical Fitness 35 5.2. Components/Dimensions of Wellness, Health and Physical Fitness 37 5.3 Traditional Sports and Regional Games for Promoting Wellness 65 Unie 6: Test, Measurement and Evaluation 69-73 6.1 Concept of Test, Measurement and Evaluation in Physical Education and Sports 6 6.2 Classification of Test in Physical Education and Sports 0 6.3 Test Administration Guidelines in Physical Education and Sports 70 Unit 7: Fundamentals of Anatomy, Physiology in Sports 7.1. Definition and Importance of Anatomy and Physiology in Exercise and Sports 7% 7.2. Functions of Skeleton System, Classification of Bones and Types of Joints 7 7.3. Function and Structure of Circulatory System and heart a 7.4 Function and Structure of Respiratory SystemUnit 8: Fundamentals of Kinesiology and Biomechanics in Sports 87-95 8.1. Definition and Importance of Kinesiology and Biomechanics in Sports n 8.2 Principles of Biomechanics a 83 Types of Body Movements — Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Rotation, %» Circumduction, Supintion & Pronation 8.4 Axis and Planes — Concept and its application in body movement 31 Unit 9: Psychology and Sports oo FONDS, Definition and Importance of Psychology in Physical Education and Sports % 2. Adolescent Problems and Their Management %8 3 Team Cohesion and Sports ba Unit 10: Training and Doping in Sports.. ae - 106-114 10.1 Concept and Principles of Sports Training 106 10.2 Training Load: Over load, Adaptation and Recovery 107 10.3 Concept of Doping and its Dis-dvantages 109 Glossary ee 115-120Changing Trends & Career in Physical Education _ a | LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1.1 Concept, Aims and Objectives of Physical Education hanging Trends in Sports-playing surface, wearable gears and sports equipment, technological advancements L2 ¢ 1.3 Career Options in Physical Education | 14 Khelo India and Fit-India Programme The importance of physical education in one form or another has been consistently presented in every education philosophy. Even in ancient times, physical education has been an integral part of the education stem in various forms. Gandhiji envisaged the all-round development of the child through education. Within education, the indispensability of physical education is clearly visible. Progressivism, experimentalism, naturalism, spiritualism — all these put emphasis on physical education. The importance of physical education has been accepted in all education philosophies. The Education Commission of India has also acknowledged the inevitability and importance of physical education. The meaning an@ form of physical education have also been changed according to the times, periods and civilizations. Just as education is a complete entity in itself and inseparable, similarly the person is also inseparable from education. It is clear from this that physical education is an integral part of education and is, a complete unit in itself. Physical Education provides full contribution for the all-round development of the child. “Sharir Madhyam Khalu Dharmasadhanam” is an expression from Kumarasambhavam written by Kalidasa, This expression ‘means the body is the prime source of performing all duties. Discuss in your class, how this expression related to you and what steps do you take to keep your body fit and healthy. Concept, Aims and Objectives of Physical Education 1.1.1 Meaning of Physical Education The term ‘physical education’ is a combination of two words ‘physical’ + ‘education’. ‘Physical’ implies the physical attributes such as physical strength, phy health, structure and physical development of the body. Some people consider it the study of the body. But can the mind and intelligence be separated from the body? It is impossible to train or develop the mind without the development of the body. The mind and the body are inseparable. Therefore, physical education includes the development of both the mind and the body Before attempting to comprehend the meaning of physical education, we must understand the meaning of ‘education’ Education means to bring about changes in life and give a fixed direction to life after learning from one’s experiences. This means bringing the necessary changes as required by the situation. ‘The behaviour of a person can only change if we focus on developing talent, capability and qualities that are inherent. These inherent qualities can be developed with education. Asa result, the individual develops qualities as necessary in situations faced and learns to adjust. This situational adjustment is called education. Figure 1.1 Physical Exercise 1"————————— serefore, when the word ‘education’ is attached with vord ‘physical’ then naturally its meaning becomes . comprehensive and perceiving physical education rely the study of the body would not be fair fact, physical education is a part of education srences are only a means of achieving it. Physical ation is the collective effect of the experiences that kind receives through physical activities and by ch it acquires the welfare of itself. To understand meaning of physical education, let us study the wing definitions. 2 Definitions of Physical Education H.C. Buck: “Physical education’ is the part of general education programme, which is considered with growth, development and education of children through the medium of big muscle activities. It is the education of whole child by means of physical activities, physical activities are the tools. They are so selected and conducted as to influence every child’s life physically, mentally, emotionally and morally.” Charles A. Bucher: “Physical education’ is an integral part of total education process which has its aim- the development of physically, mentally, emotionally and socially fit citizens through the medium of physical activities which have been selected with a view to realising these outcomes.” . According to Cassidy: “Physical education’ is the sum of changes in the individual caused by experiences centering motor activity.” « According to J.B. Nash: “Physical education’ is that phase of the whole field of education that deals with big muscles activities and their related responses.” According to Oberteuffer: “Physical education’ is the sum of those experiences which come to the individual through movements.” According to J.P. Thomas: “Physical education’ is education through physical activities for the development of total personality of the child its felliones and perfection in body, mind and spirit.” According to AR. Wayman: “Physical education’ is that aspect of education which is concerned with the development and education of the entire ae ofa man by physical activities,” ccording to Central Adviso ( ry Board Physical Education and Recreatior “4 through ¢ 0 pment of the total ersonality of the child to its fullne i n body, mind and sprig? "4 Perfection rhysical activities for the develo hysical Education—XI i on the above definitions, we may infer t iucation’ is an integral part of educatigg ic (physical, peda emotiong velopment through physical activi and soci) process of education, Physi a cua develops the inherent capabiliti education qualities to help achieve life's goaly taid lead a successful life. In other words, physieg an “cation is the capability gained through physica) cctivities that ensures all-round development of g person 1.1.3 Current Trends in Physical Education tance of physical education has never been emphasised more than it is today. It has covered a long journey to come in present form{Physical Education tvolved from gymnastics (in 1800s) to hygiene (in 1820s) to physical culture (in 1840s) to physical training (in 1900s) and now is known as Physical Education (after 1920s))Now, it is widely recognised that physical education and sports is relevant and important in developing an active and healthy lifestyle and the solution to rising obesity rates worldwide. In fact(Physical Education is now called movement eduéation. Movement of body develops efficient motor activity. Movement follows some mechanical principles. To make a meaningful movement, students must know about the forces that are responsible for the movement. Physical fitness, emotional aspects pertaining to fear and anxiety, and atmospheric changes affect the movement. Based physical e that ensures the holi The import Qovement, an integral to all human beings, is of two types—locomotor movement and non-locomotor movement. Locomotor movement includes necessary movement, like running, jumping, ete. whereas non- locomotor fli includes activities like, twisting turning, et lovement education is instruction im the improvénfent of a person's motor skills through Physical movement) Often a part of physical therap, the patient/student gains a deeper understanding of their body in motion and an increased efficiency movement in their day-to-day activities.([he aim movement education is toi ; Sao improve health and physical So, it i 7 4 ‘ i py 1s essential to have a curriculum in Physi¢al _ ee oe Programme which focuses on the overéll a a a human being. Although in most countries Ysical education is part of the school curricull lessons are not gi ive i experience of phy vats, thus leading to aPhysical Education is the most effective and inclusive means of providing all children, whatever their ability disability, sex, age, cultural, race/ethnicity, religious or social background, with the skills, attitudes, values, knowledge and understanding for lifelong participation in physical activity and sport and is the only school subject whose primary focus is on the body, physical activity, physical development and health Physical education trends have developed recently to incorporate a greater variety of activities besides typical sports. Introducing students to activities like bowling, walking or hiking, or Frisbee at an early age can help students develop good activity habits that will carry over into adulthood. Some teachers have even begun to incorporate stress-reduction techniques such as yoga, deep-breathing, ete. 42 4 Significance of Physical Education Programme in Schools Physical Education plays an important role in total education of a child. So, it is an essential integral part of the curriculum. Quality physical education programs are needed to increase the physical competence, health- related fitness, self-responsibility and enjoyment of physical activity for all students so that they can be physically active for a lifetime. Physical education programs can only provide these benefits if they are well-planned and well-implemented. ‘A quality Physical Education Programme ean offer the fpllowing to the students: Improved Physical Fitness: It improves children's muscular strength, flexibility, muscular endurance, body composition and cardiovascular ndurance. s Skill Development: It develops motor skills, which allow for safe, successful and satisfying participation in physical activities. Regular, Healthful Physical Activity: It provides a wide-range of developmentally appropriate activities for all children. Support of Other Subject Areas: It reinforces knowledge learned across the curriculum. It serves as a lab for application of content in science, math and social studies. UM Self-Discipline: It facilitates development of student responsibility for health and fitness. Improved Judgment: Quality physical education can influence moral development. Students have the opportunity to assume leadership, cooperate with others; question actions and regulations and accept responsibility for their own behavior. tress Reduction: Physical activity becomes n outlet for releasing tension and anxiety, and facilitates emotional stability and resilience. Strengthened Peer Relationships: Physical education can be a major force in helping children socialize with others successfully. It also provides opportunities to learn positive people skills especially during late childhood and adolescence. being able to participate in dances, games and sports is an important part of peer culture. ‘Improved Self-confidence and Self-esteem: Physical education instils a stronger sense of self- worth in children based on their mastery of skills and concepts in physical activity. They can become more confident, assertive, independent and self- controlled. Experience Setting Goals: Physical education provides children the opportunity to set and strive for personal, achievable goals. 1.1.5 Aim of Physical Education {ire only aim of Physical Education is the ‘Holistic development of an individual’)This means being complete in oneself. To achieve this completeness, one has to go through a tough process and take one step at a time to achieve one’s goals. These steps are the objectives of physical education. These steps may be many. In fact, succeeding in each step opens the door for achieving the goals. For example, the aim of the game of footballl is to score a goal, but the steps taken or the process followed to score the goal, the participation, use of skill, use of senses, ete. are the processes to achieve the objective. This means that to score a goal, all three aspects—physical, mental and social—are required. The use of senses and strategy form the mental aspect, use of strength and skills is the physical aspect, and to maintain co-ordination with team-mates is the social aspect. These result in development of all three aspects. Thus, we may say that ‘holistic development’ of a person is the aim of physical education. 1.1,6 Objectives of Physical Education Wlawiatctatcecte: Development and Co hile participating in variou: physical activities, neuro-muscular developmen takes place and the co-ordination between th nerves and muscles nals the initia stages, a child runs, jumps and plays but is n¢ able to do these activities perfectly because ther is a lack of proper neuro-muscular co-ordinatio: However, with practice, the child achiev: perfection as the nerves and muscles begin | Changing Trends & Career in Physical Education 1yet the contal nek or catch Figure 1.2 Neuro-muscular Development and Co-ordination hysical and Mental Development: Only a healthy body can house a healthy mind. During physical education, a person involves himself/ herself in physical activities that develop all the parts of the body.(While playing a sport, a person has to undertake various actions and reactions which involve his/her conscience and intelligence, control over emotions, competitive spirit, etc. and these skills are developed in the field resulting in phy$ical and mental development) If a person uses his/her conscience, it is a mental quality. Prevention and Control of Diseases:{During physical education, all the parts of the body are active and work at their highest capacity. This results in the release of toxins from the body. The immune system of the body improves, and, as 8 result, there is a prevention from illnesses and diseases. J motional and Affective Development: There are ore important aspects of an individual's personality ~ qualitative, affectiy, fanetional. To attain a balance in the reteaua, the win between these aspects ig essential(Through physical education, the excessive (surplus) energies of a child are channelized in activities that help in balancin, the personality of the child) There is an ao of energy and emotions among children and Physical Education—Xi rs. Therefore, it is essential to giyg tion to their physical and men ns to ensure emotional agp nd emo! e development affecti oral L Mor aation Through physical education, a pen arma to bectne a good citizen One can achie ssition in society with a good character vmticipating in games, a person develops qualigg eich as hard work, co-operation, discipl; eth ving up personal aspiration, snthusiasm, giving up P schieve collective aspirations, eteJThese qualities are the stepping stones in the development of goog evelopment and Characte, character. Development of Personality:Physical education helps in the development of personality. Varioug physical activities develop the body. At the same time, completing the tasks efficiently brin, together the capabilities that help in ret a person's personality Other than this, physica activities create a healthy environment which helps in the development of personality. 7. Social Development: All activities of physical education require adjustment with others, Without adjustment, completion of these activities is not possible. To be able to adjust with people, one needs to have the qualities of co-operation, honesty, patience, self- discipline, friendly behaviour, unity, etc. All these qualities are developed through activities in physical education. 8. Worthy Use of Leisure Time: In this age of technology, most tasks are done by machines Providing us a lot of leisure time. Most people do not know to use this time. The leisure time can be used profitably in physical education. 9. Equity: Equal opportunities are available to a person in physical education programmes. The ability of the player in a sport gives him/her an opportunity and not his/her high caste, wealth or his/her high position in the society. Therefore, even a lower class or poor person caf achieve a high peak on the basis of his/her sports performance, 10. Economic Independent/Sources: Physical education plays an important role in making & Person financially strong. He/she performs Well in sports and receives financial helP- Economic independence can also be achieved by adopting physical education as an ‘occupation and making equipment for physical educatiot activities. There are other sources of earningby means of physical education, such as the amount of reward to high level players, promotion of various companies and products, working as physical education teachers, coaches, gym trainers, designer of equipment, etc. provide Changing Trends in Sports— playing surface, wearable gears and sports equipment, technological advancements 1.2.1 Changing Trends orts industry of present times is continuously evolving. This evolution is changing the past trends in the sports and these amendments are sometimes for the betterment of the players, sometimes it is for the fans of the sports and sometimes it is also for the betterment of our planet too. Artificial fields that do not wear and tear easily, new safety equipment for the players, technology like instant replays, hawk- eye, hotspot and snickometer (used in cricket) are some changes that are incorporated in the sports to support the players and fair play of the game Drone cameras, high definition video walls, social media platform to connect the players are some advancement for the followers of the game. Kinetic Energy Recovery System (KERS) used in Formula One racing cars which takes the waste heat energy created when the driver applies brake in the car and use this energy later to boost the speed of the car. ‘This system helps in saving energy which is good for our planet and at the same time itgncreases the performance of the racer. Changing Trends in Playing Surface (Playing surface in the sports is continuously evolving while keeping in mind about various factors related to particular games and sports. Some of these factors are friction, pace of the athlete, requires less force of the athlete, injury prevention of the athlete, impact of the footmarks, etc. The main purpose is to develop such a playing surface that will enhance the performance of the athlete and does not tear away easily when compared to natural pitches Gome common type of playing surfaces that are evolved during times are polymeric rubber, PVC, wooden surfaces, concrete, natural turf and artificial turf. These surfaces are generally more expensive to build but these are worth every penny due to it consistency throughout the year and low cost maintenance. In the past, the sports was played only on natural surfaces either it was muddy or a grassy surfacd) But it was since 1970s from when reputed sports organisations started using artificial pitches. Here are a few examples of such organizations: FIFAGhey allow synthetic surfaces, but only as long as they meet their defined guidelines. In the year 2015, FIFA Women’s World Cup was held in Canada where a conventional soccer field was not an easy option due to its climate. Thus, in this World Cup artificial surface was used + (olympics: Artificial grass has been used in the Olympics. The first example of this was in 1976, for field hockey) Changing Trends in Wearable Gears Vearable gear refers to devices attached to the body that measures some aspect of performance during physical activities and sports. These gears have some special kind of sensors that may monitor the position of the athlete, heart rate and other physiological data. Data collected by these gears in continuous manner which helps the athlete to improve his performance. An example of such a gear which is available are a pod and vest system that can track the position of the players in real-time, as well as collect physiological data such as total distance, speed, high metabolic load distance. accelerations, fatigue index, dynamic stress load, step balance and collisions. The data can then be visualized later using a software system so that performer can work on to improve his performance.) Changing Trends in Sports Equipment [Equipment is that item which is used in sports either for playing or for protecting player from injury) Ws can classify the equipment as a playing equipment anc safety equipment. laying Equipment Every sport requires some sort laying equipment for playing the game. For exampl bat and ball in cricket, racquet in badminton or tenni gun in shooting, hockey stick in hockey, etc. (\ constar research is going on to make the sports equipmer better. By better it means that either it enhane the performance of the player or the equipmentritse remains in good condition for a longer period of tim ‘The application of composite materials while prepari the sports equipment reduces its weight and increas strength which extends its life span.) Safety Equipment:Safety equipment is used different sports for protecting players from iniuy For example head guard, face guard, mouth gu! leg guard, elbow guard, etc. (In this competit world of sports it is very unfortunate for any pla to get injured while playing the game. Sometix Changing Trends & Career in Physical Education11 ruin the career of a sportsperson. Safety injuries Wiwill decrease the chances of getting an cquipme’vfety equipment becomes better day by ine brough everyday research. Techniques are aac z d increase veloping to reduce their weight, size an err Saee an suattieaetnes tak apaplit Sx a longer period of time. 1.2.2 Technology Advancement Technology has affected the sports from low level recreational activities to high level competitive sports. The application of advanced technology in sports serves, a role in creating whole new sports experience for the players and the viewers as well. (echnology advancement is not only restricted to drone camera, video walls or techniques like hotspot but it is also applied to personal sports gear such as clothing and shoes. Clothing of sportsperson are constantly evolving on the parameter that it will soak the sweat as maximum as possible which feels good to the player and he/she will focus more on the performance in the game‘) However] the technology advancement have a great impact on the sports but sometimes it becomes unfortunate for the teams or players who could not afford it and the spirit of sports is getting hurt. The use of technology in enhancing sports facilities and equipment is generally an expensive proposition. So because of the expense involved in these applications, the benefits derived at least initially tend to be limited to the upper end of the sports hierarchy) For example, because of cost, changes brought about in sport through the application of technology tend to be available first to lite level athletes and teams, By definition, elite level athletes and sports are exclusive and thus omit the broader base of participants further down the sports hierarchy, he challenge then for sports administrators is to insure that one team does not add too much advantage fo its side through the application of technology for better equipment or facilities that the game veens to be unfaii) Those who are in a position to develop rules with respect to the use of sports equipment or to fund Sauipment or facility acquisitions for economically hat question lies within what most people think of in erms of “technology” itself, § Physical Education—X1 ‘al Career Options in Phy Education 1.3.1 Various Career Options in Physicat Education The field of physical education is very wide, The astness of this field offers opportunities for many professional careers. Following are the career option, in the field of physical education ZY (Career Options in Physical Education A : : fe e mini Sports Mass Teaching | Adminis- por tration | Academy | Media 3 3 Coaching Performance Health Sports Related Industry In the past, occupations based on physical education were available only in some areas, but, now-a-days, new business options are being created in this field such as teaching, health, sports administration, support staff in tournaments, media, etc. Due to the changing social environment of the present era, increasing interest in the people and society is opening doors to new dimensions, which are as follows “Teaching Career in Physical Education: ‘eaching has been a main career option from the very beginning. This is a good option for those interested in teaching. Teaching has played an important role in promoting physical education. Career option exists at various levels in the field of teaching which are as folloee ee cies mary teachers are for physical teachers. Presently, keeping in view the atility and need of physical education for children nary leve appointment of a physical ner in all schools is under consideration of the go t. According to the National Curriculum ramework 2005, the syllabus for classes 1 to 10 has also been constructed. J ¥ _ 7 eho @ ~ a5 =¢ Figure 1.4 Sports Activity in Primary School Secondary and Senior Secondary Schools: (There are more opportunities to become physical education teachers in Secondary and Senior Secondary Schools. At this stage, posts of physical education teachers are created in proportion to the number of students. In these schools, appointments are done for the posts of teachers and lecturers. The lecturer is given the responsibility of teaching physical education subject which is an elective subject in classes 11 and 1 s Figure 1.5 Sports Activity in Secondary and Senior Secondary Schools * College{Appointment is done in colleges for the post of Director of Physical Education but now in many states, physical education has been taught as a subject. Like, it has been taught as a subject in Uttar Pradesh for many years and physical education teachers also have the responsibility to implement all sports-related activities) Apart from this, in 1986-87, the Centrally Sponsored Scheme was also started by the Government of India in which, like other subjects, B.A., B.Sc. (Physical Education) were started, which is being conducted in many colleges of the country Figure 1.6 Sports Activity in College YMCA College of Physical Education at Chennai, Tamil ‘Nadu, the first college for physical education of Asia, was, established in 1920 by Harry Crowe Buck UniversityDirectors of physical education are appointed in universities, whose task is to plan the sports programme of all the colleges under the university, implement the sports programme and organize competitions) Apart from this, physical education departments have also been established at the university. Faculty members are also appointed there) Teacher Training Colleges/Institutes: (Institutions have been set up to train physical education teachers, in which Assistant Professor, Associate Professor and Professor with higher Figure 1.7 Training Students Changing Trends & Career in Physical Education 4education are appointed under the University Grants Commission (UGC) pay scales. Several professional courses are conducted in these institutions — D.P.Ed, B.P.Ed, M.P.Ed, M.Phil, Ph.D., ete Coachin, (Coaches are appointed in schools, colleges and universities. To become a coach, one has to obtain diploma in coaching. His/her task is to prepare high level players for various sports. A coach handles a particular sport.) Figure 1.8 Coaching Appointment in Departments:{Apart from colleges and universities, coaches are also appointed in various government departments and industrial companies whose responsibility is to prepare teams of different departments and bring success in the competition. ) * Appointment in Clubs and Public Organiza- tions(Coaches are also appointed in various public bodies and clubs. Many clubs appoint caaches for coaching their teams" 3. Administration-related Careers {Administra- tive staff is also required in the field of sports. It requires hard and efficient administrative staff for the smooth functioning of various sports or- ganizations under the Ministry of Sports, various Stadiums, etc) Apart from this(administrative experts related to physical education are required in the corporate sector) Therefore, administration- related career in physical education can also be selected. ERC? Sports administrators are involved in managing and ‘promoting sporting clubs, fitness centers and sports facilities, marketing sports programs, in sales for ing goods manufacturers, and as athlete directors ‘are opportunities in the management of professional sports.» Physical Education—XI ed Careers: | Figure 1.9 Performance-related Careers As a Player{A large number of players in the world participate in competitions in various sports, at national and international levels. Availability of high level jobs in various companies and government departments is possible for the best players.) | ~ As Sports Officer{Qualified and skilled officers are required to conduct a sports competition, like referee, umpire, time-keeper, scorer, commentators, ete. Sports experts can successfully carry out the work of the above professionals, Therefore, it can be adopted as a career) ha Figure 1.10 Sports Officials 5. Working in Sports Academy(People’s inclination towards sports is increasing day by day. As a result of this, parents are getting their children enrolled in schools as well as Sports academies.) So the number of academies for different sports 1s increasing day by day. Thesefacademies are operated by sports experts, which are becoming * big business) Therefore, it can be adopted as @ business by sports experts, 6. Health-related Careers:ffn the present era, the Peareness of health among people is increasing. People want to look healthy and smart while beingThis req’ uires uidance, This led through he: th clubs and ult, the number of he Ith are increasing tremendously the operation of these health clut a ra hysical In reality, health clubs ‘ese clubs often provide as lawn tennis, table tennis, badminton, swimming, squash, ete. For dance in all these sports, physical education d, which serves as a career option. Apart from this, clubs provide guidance for other facilities like massage, ith good | ear with good knowledge of n is require hadi have bec busi facilities for sports suel experts are requiri team room, saunas, diet and nutrition, ete. So, for all of the above, physical education experts can be chosen as profession: Figure 1.11 Health-related Careers . Career in Communication/Media: » Book Writing:(There is a lack of authentic course material related to physical education in India, especially in Hindi medium. So people with knowledge of physical education and related fields can choose to write as a career in subjects such as Sports Medicine, Physiology, Sports Biology, Sports Psychology, Sports Measurement, Evaluation, ete. Apart from this, textbooks based on good sports practices can also be created in the experimental field.’) Games and Sports Photography: (Those people in the field of physical education who are interested in photography can choose this field as a profession. For better performance 1, sports, it is necessary to have good pictures Pe the related action in order to get a close idea of the player’s activity or action, so that the aa can understand the nuances of that action an‘ . Sports Industry/Production-related Care: Se Perform their best. Thi rest. This is possible only wher 800d photographer can take good different angles and m ictures from lable to the phy can be e them herefore, sports photo "a8 an occupationy Figure 1.12 Games and Sports Photography Sports Broadcasting{Sports Broadcasting has become a well-known business at present. In both, Radio and TV, commentaries on various sports competitions are included. Proper knowledge in the field of physical education is necessary for the above-mentioned work. Along with this, the person should also have the ability to communicate well. In addition to this, if a person has writing ability, sports journalism can also be chosen as a profession. Figure 1.13 Sports Broadcasting Sports Industry:{Different types of equipme costumes, sports kits, ete. are required for vari¢ activities in the field of physical education. person with deep knowledge of physical educat activities can contribute to increase the level Changing Trends & Career in Physical Educationperformance of the players by designing standard modern costumes and equipment suitable for the particular activity. Therefore, a person, interested in creation can choose this profession. nd innovation. Figure 1.14 Sports Industry Sports Equipment,in the era of competition, sports equipment also-have a special contribution in the player's performance. The performance of the players can be improved by the modern equipment built by scientific research, and can also succeed in simplifying everyday practice. A person with physical education and knowledge can ‘manufacture the appropriate modern equipment with simplicity and specialty, Sports MaterialfThe requirement for various types of accessori@s related to sports is always there for the player. The player costumes, shoes, helmets, kits, ete. according to the nature of the game which protects the player without affecting his performance. A person specializing in this field can manufacture the above types of goods easily Figure 1.15 Sports Material } Physical Education—XI EES Khelo india and Fit-India Programing 1.4.1 Khelo India saying, is an inherent tendency of a child uae ‘laying as soon as it is born. The mat the game is determined according to the age of « child, and the nature of the game changes on Sceording to the age. As age increases, children's pa ty start appearing in organizational form The cian to progress towards mastery in the game by lenge the skills of the games. But, in India, due to lag vesourees, other priorities and proper guidance, they js deprived of achieving the highest level ofthe ‘Also, the organized format that the games = not available. Keeping the a above-mentioned things Prepare a chare in ea Government token by the! of India has launched the India to ‘Khelo India’ scheme to sports in India. make India a superpower in sports. However, (here is no doubt that India has made steady progress in the field of sports in the last fey years. But there is still a need to demonstrate ow potential on the global stage. This is the time wher we should try to motivate the young talents of the country towards sports and they should be provided with the highest level of infrastructure and training facilities. There is a need to develop a strong sense of participation in the game, which will enable the players to showcase their true potential. Only the, India will be able to realize the dream of becoming sports superpower’) (Gports are important for the proper health of the children. A healthy society is possible only with the healthy children, then only a prosperous nation canbe banidMheretre, sports are a very important componett for the overall development of the nation. A (euete India’ programme was started by Hani: ime Minister, Narendra Modi, on 31 January: bjectives of Khelo India = To promote sports culture. 2. To revitalize a sports culture at the 3. To develop leadership skills. ‘ 4. To develop ability to set goals. : 5. To develop risk appetite. s To develop team spirit. : - To generate strategic and analytical tbinkiné To achieve the above objectives, the Kheleiprogramme has been divided into 12 parts which are in their training, food, etc. so that they ean get sucee las follows: in reaching the peak in their performance. First Khelo India School Sports: first Khelo In¢ School sports was organized from 31 January t February 2018 for children under 17 years of age whi included 16 games, which is as follows: | List ofGames * Archery |+ Athletics ¢ Badminton | Basketb Boxing | Football |¢ Gymnastics | Hockey Judo __|* Kabaddi | Kho-kho _¢ Shootir '¢ Swimming|¢ Volleyball + Weightlifting, + Wrestli 1.4.2 Fit-India Programme (17 India Programme was launched by Hon'ble Pr Minister Shri Narendra Modi on 29th August 2 with an objective to promote fitness of all the peo India. A website viz. www fitindia.gov.in was launc under this programme which comprises of valu information for promoting fitness. Figure 1.16 Khelo India Scheme ae evelopment of sports grounds. 2, Development of community trainings. 3. State Level Khelo India Centre. 4. Annual Sports Competition. 5. Talent Search and Development. Creation, use and upgrading of sports ac infrastructure jjectives of Fit-India Support for national, state and regional sports _ Fit India proposes to undertake various ini levels and educational activities. conduct events to achieve the following objectives 8. Promotion of physical fitness of school children. 1. To promote fitness as easy, fun and free. oe 9. Encourage rca een : 2. To spread awareness on fitness and vay 10. Encouragement of differently-abled persons in iplpeieal actiedere thet prvmotee fiteage the Gets focused campaigns. 11. Sports for peace and development. 12. Promotion of tribal, Indian and rural sports. In the above-mentioned objectives, the intention is to develop the country’s sports infrastructure. Award of Khelo India Scheme: Talented sportsper- sons selected by the High Level Committee will be given 25 lakh per annum for 8 years to help the players 4 Physical education is the development of built-in qualities in the child through physical activities. Through various physical activities, the child has neuro muscular coordination, s/he uses the development of f discretion and controls the personality. % Physical education helps achieve all round development. Artificial playing surfaces are made up of polymeric rubber, PVC, wood, concrete, etc. 4 Wearable gears refers to devices attached to the body that measures physiological data through various sensors ir Equipments in sports are evolved to increase the performance of the sportsperson. % Technology advancement serves a whole new experience for players and viewers of sports. % Physical education offers various career opportunities such as teaching, coaching, sports administration, sports ir health related area, performance, etc. through which the person also creates employment and makes life. 4 Khelo india Scheme has been introduced by the Government of India to encourage children to play. + The scheme provides children an opportunity to engage in the various sports and helps the selected players to r peak by providing financial assistance for coaching, etc. Fitindia programme was launched in 2019 with the aim of making fitness priority for all citizens. 2 To encourage indigenous sports. 4. To make fitness reach every school, col university, panchayat/village, ete. 5. To create a platform for citizens of India to information, drive awareness and enco sharing of personal fitness stories. Changing Trends & Career in Physical EducOU ==i=j-=-uvw— < " —_— A. Objective Type Questions I. Multiple Choice Questions Tick (/) the correct option: The sport which is not included in the Olympics is (6) Hockey (a) Athtetics Is cannot be used in (a) Cricket (C) Football 2. Which of the f preparing playing surface in spor ollowing material (a) Polymericrubber —(b) PVC (c) Concrete (d) Wire Mesh 3. Which sports uses artificial grass in the 1976 Olympics for the first time? (a) Field Hockey (b) Football (c) Badminton (d) Golf 4. What kind of data is not monitored by the wearable gears, in sports? (a) Position of the athlete (b) Heart rate (c) Calories taken in the food (d) Acceleration 5. Which of the following material is used to reduce the weight and increase the life span of sports equipment? (0) Stee! (b) pve (€) Compost material (d) Rubber 6. Which of the following is not an objective of Fit India programme? (a) Fitness for all & (b) To encourage masculine body (c) Encourage indigenous sports (d) Fitness reach every school 7. Inthe Khelo India Programme, the selected player is given an amount of: (2) Rupees five lakh (b) Rupees two lakh (c) Rupees three lakh (d)_ None of the above . How many sports have been included in the Khelo India Programme? (a) 10 (6) 16 ( 12 (eas “Physical education is the set of experiences a person receives through physical movements”, who said this: (a) H.C. Buck (b) D. Oberteuffer (c) 4.8. Nash (A) R. Cassidy Which of the following is not th i pan e 'e objective of physical (a) Emotional Development (b) Social Development hysical Education—XI 11. 12. (d) Neuro-muscular Development Which of the following is not 2 Source of physig, activity? (a) Gym Trainer (b) Umpire (c) Agriculture Profession (d) Administration Related Profession Which of the following aspects is not an important aspeq of a person's personality? (a) Cognitive () Functional Physical education career option i (a) Sports Photography _(b) Sports Administration {c) Sports Broadcasting (d) All of above (6) Emotional (d) Creative 13. as ANSWers Ss; 1 (a) 2c) 3. (a) 4 (c) 5 (c) 6 (by 7. (a) 8 (6) 9 (6) 20. (c) 42. (c) 12 (ah | 13. (d) \ II, Match the following 1. Match list-I with list-Il and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (i) | Snickometer Encourage to play (ii)| KeRS 2. | Fitness for all (ii) | Khelo india 3. | Used in F1 racing (iv) | Fit-india 4. | Used in Cricket Codes: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (a) 2 4 3 EF (b) 2 EL 4 3 () 4 3 1 2 (| 3 1 7 . Ans. (b) Ul. Assertion-Reason Type Questions 1. Given below are the two Assertio state (A) and Reason (R). eine Assertion (A) : Physical education is the developmer Of built-it qualities in the child throug Physical activities,SSS neason(R): Physical education helps achie developmeng vonnelesachieve ltround | 3, what isthe alm of physical education? : fabovetwostatements whinoneotthe |“ sts fwo spots organisations thet uses artificial and (R) are true a a ) are true and (R) is the correct Bs Short Answer Type Questions-I xplanation of (A) Define physical education. goth (A) and (R) are true an Oe 1d (R) is not the correct 2. What is the aim of physical education? Explain. sue ae 3. Describe any two objectives of physical education. Describe any two career options in physical education. 5. Briefly explain Khelo India Scheme. z) Both (A) and (R) are true R) on = s. and (R) is An: en ind (R) is the correct | 6, How the trends are changing in sports equipment? (d) (A) is false but (R) is true 2. Given below are the two statements labelled as Assertion | ©: Short Answer Type Questions~Il (a) and Reason (R). 1. What do you understand by physical education? Discuss Assertion (A) : Training of mind isnot possible by keeping | the objectives of physical education. the body separate. 2. Explain in detail any three career options of physical Reason (R): The body is the basis and the mind is its education, integral part. 3. State the objectives of Fit-India Programme in the context of above two statements, which one of the following is correct? D. Long Answer Type Questions () Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct | 3 Describe technology advancement in sports explanation of (A). | 2. Discuss in detail the Khelo India Scheme. (6) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct | 3 How the trends in sports are changing? Discuss: explanation of (A). 4. Describe any five objectives of physical education. (c) (A)is true but (R) is false. | (d) (A) is false but (R) is true. Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct | explanation of (A) | E, Case Study Based Questions Read the following case study and answer the questions given after each: 1. Mr Sharma is a physical education teacher in a school. IV. Picture Based (Identification) Question | One day, during the intro-class of physical education, he 1. Identify the following sports materials and give their | felt that students are worried for their career in physica name. education. Mr Sharma decided to explain them th: various career options in physical education. Mr Sharm | drew a flow chart about the career options on the boar | as shown below and discussed the options with th (b) students. Observe the flow chart carefully ( Career Options in Physical Edi | “ { Peet ee _ ; | e | . © @ g | teadhing | Adminis: | Sports a | tration Academy ° . : : Ans. (a) Shoes (b) Helmet Coaching Performance ‘Health Spo (0) Wicket keeping gloves (d) Cricket ball | Related Indu V. Very Short Answer Type Questions On the basis of the above situation, answer the fotloy " | oe 1. What does the word ‘physical’ imply in “Physical | prereeles 5 Education”? (i) What is the task of director of physical educati | university? 2. State the meaning of the term ‘education’. | Changing Trends & Career in Physical Education(i) What is the responsibility of a coach? (il) Which career option out of the above would youlike to opt and why? Praveen is a good player. He wished to win in sports and make his country proud at the national and international level, but he does not get proper coaching and guidance. He takes it as a challenge and wants to pursue a career in sports so that he can provide coaching and proper guidance to such children. He wants to make them aware of the various schemes run by the Government of India and encourage them to participate in these schemes so that they are able to make their country proud in the field of sports. On the basis of the above situation, answer the following questions: {) State some National and international compet in sports. (ii) What are the different career prospects in phys education? (iif) What are the different schemes run by the Govern. ment of india to encourage the individuals for sports F. Art Integrated Activity 1, Students will be asked to draw or collect pictures relatedte various sports careers and further each group will explain in detail about one career and likewise. This activity can also be done in groups and in individual basis too. Teacher will build on the discussion and understanding on each career as presented by the students. Suggested Links © https://www.embibe.com/exams/career-in-physical education/ © https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/the-science- behind-the-glowing-stumps-and-bails-in-cricket au