Rajasthan

UTTAR PRADESH
AGORA
Location: Near Uttar Kashi (Uttar Pradesh)
Nearest Town: Uttar Kashi
Significance: A Trek Route
Altitude: 2250 Metres above Sea Level
Agora, a remote village in Garhwal is located above the valley of the Asi Ganga Valley, at
2,250 Metres. Agora village lies at the top of a 6km trek from the Kalyani Trout
Hatchery; the roadhead is a further 14km beyond the district head quarters town of
Uttarkashi in western Garhwal.
The village of Agora has a cluster of about two dozen houses in a hermetic locale,
directly above the valley of Asi Ganga. The magnificent Bakria peak dominates the deep
gorge of the stream and the village is the starting point both for its summit as well as the
trout-filled Dodital.
EXCURSIONS
Dodital: As one treks further from Agora for another 5 hours, one is led to the tranquil
Dodi Tal, located at an altitude of 3310 Metres, above sea level. The calm lake owing its
origin to several natural springs is filled with fish, including the rare Himalayan trout and
is a haven for anglers.
Uttarkashi: Uttarkashi is located in the northern part of Uttar Pradesh. Uttarkashi was
originally a part of Tehri Garhwal.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: Nearest airport is at Dehradun.
Rail: Dehradun is the nearest railhead.
Road: Approachable by road from Uttarkashi, which is 20 kms away.
PLACES TO STAY
Forest Rest Houses And Log Cabins.
NEARBY CITIES
Uttarkashi: 20-km
GENERAL INFORMATION
Temperature Max. Min.
Summer 23 deg. 9 deg.
Winter 8 deg. 2 deg.
Clothing Summer Winter
Light Woolens Heavy Woolens
Languages Garhwali, Hindi.
AGRA
Location: 58-km From Mathura, Uttar Pradesh
Founded By: Badal Singh
Established In: 1475
Main Attractions: Taj Mahal, Agra Fort
1
Badal Singh established the city of Taj in 1475. Agra finds mention in
the Mahabharata as Agraban. This city in those days was considered
to be the sister city of Mathura that was more prominent than
Agraban. Agra came into its own when the Lodhi Kings chose this
place beside the Yamuna to be their capital city. Sikander Lodhi made
Agra his capital but Babar defeated the Lodhis to capture not only
Agra but also laid the foundation of the Mughal empire.
The coming of Babar heralded a new era that was to see Agra at its zenith during the
reign of Akbar, Jehangir and Shah Jahan. It was during Akbar's period that Agra became
the center of art, culture and commerce and learning. This trend reached its height when
Shah Jahan became the ruler.
In the mid 16th century and earlier 17th century Agra witnessed a frenzied building
activity and it was during this time when the symbol of love Taj Mahal was built. The
buildings made during this era were purely in the contemporary Mughal style and of very
high quality which is still reflected in what ever monuments remain in Agra.The narrow
lanes of Agra filled with aroma of Mughlai cuisine, the craftsman who are busy in crating
master pieces with their skill all remind of the Mughal royalty which this city had once
experienced. Today whatever remains, has become a major tourist attraction which has
taken Agra again to the heights of glory but this time as a major tourist destination of
India.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Taj Mahal: Even as the world is caught in the skirmishes of War &
peace, Nuclear and Non-Nuclear; Taj has stood as the epitome of love.
This extravagant monument of love is one of the most visited and
most photographed places in the world. Shah Jahan built Taj Mahal in
the memory of his beautiful wife Mumtaz Mahal. Taj Mahal was the
culmination point of Indo-Persian architecture. The Mughals Emperor was always fond
of constructing monuments. Perhaps they knew that they would be gone but these
structures will remind the world of their grandeur. Shah Jahan was particularly fond of
building. He built the city of Shah Jahanabad, which today is called the old Delhi. He
loved construction more than that he loved his wife. Mumtaz Mahal as the name
indicates, her beauty is compared with the light of heaven. She died while giving birth to
her fourteenth child. Shah Jahan was so shocked by her death that his hair turned Grey
over night.
The Actual Tomb
The Taj Mahal is situated more than 900-ft. (275 m.) away from the
entrance at the opposite end of the garden. Towering almost 200 ft. (76m.)
in height, the tomb stands on its own marble plinth, which rests on a red
sandstone platform that serves to level the land as it slopes to the river. Four
tall minarets rise up from the corners of the white marble plinth. They taper
to a majestic height of 138 ft and are crowned with eight windowed
cupolas.
The marble mausoleum is square in plan with chamfered corners. Each facade of the
tomb is composed of a grand wan framed by bands of calligraphy. The doorways inside
these swans are also adorned with calligraphy. The wan is flanked on both sides by small
double arches one over the other. They are rectangular while the arched alcoves of equal
2
size at the angles of the tomb are semi-octagonal. Each section in the facade is well
demarked on both sides by attached pilasters which rising from the plinth level of the
tomb rise above the frieze and are crowned by beautiful pinnacles with lotus buds and
finials. The pinnacles ornament the superstructure and help along with the other features
to break the skyline gracefully.
The Main Gateway
The Main Gateway: Shah Jahan traveled from the fort to the tomb
by boat. Court histories describe his arrival on the riverside of the
monument and his ascent to its terrace by way of the embankment.
This approach, however, was reserved for the emperor and
members of his party. Others passed through a large courtyard, a
jilokhana to enter the main gateway on the south. This courtyard was a place where
travelers halted. Here, also, the poor were provided with food and shelter, and on every
death anniversary of Mumtaz, vast sums were distributed in charity.
Gate to Paradise: In this courtyard stand the main gateway to the Taj and its gardens, a
massive portal that opens to the south. Detached gateways were long a traditional feature
of Muslim architecture and could be found fronting tombs and mosques throughout the
East. Symbolically to the Muslim, such an entranceway was the gate to Paradise.
Metaphysically, it represented the transition point between the outer world of the senses
and the inner world of the spirit.
Structure: Made of red sandstone, this 150 ft. wide and nearly 100 ft. high, gateway
consists of a lofty central arch with double storied wings on either side. Octagonal towers
are attached to its corners that are surmounted by broad impressive open domed kiosks.
The most important feature of the gateway is a series of 11 attached chhatris (umbrellas)
with marble cupolas, flanked by pinnacles, above the central portal on the north and south
sides. A heavy door at the base is made from 8 different metals and studded with knobs.
Inside are countless rooms with hallways that wind and divide in such apparent abandon
that they seem intentionally built to confuse; perhaps they were, for they have remained
unused for three centuries and their purpose has long confounded the experts. Within the
archway of this majestic entrance, there is a large chamber with a vaulted roof.
Decoration: The gateway is richly embellished. Of particular note are
the floral arabesques fashioned from gemstones and inlaid in white
marble which decorate the spandrels of the arches. Also impressive are
the inlaid black marble inscriptions that frame the central vaulted portal
or wan. These passages are excerpts from the Koran, which is considered by Muslims to
be the word of God as revealed to Mohammed. It is here that Shah Jehan's calligraphers
have performed an amazing optical trick: the size of the lettering that runs up and over
the arch appears to be consistent from top to bottom. This illusion was created by
gradually heightening the size of the letters as their distance from the eye increased; from
the ground the dimensions seem the same at every point. This effect is used with equal
success on the main doorway of the Taj itself.
Mosque & Rest House
Mosque: On either side of the Taj Mahal are buildings of red sandstone. The one to the
west is a Mosque. It faces towards Mecca and is used for prayer. Before we have a look at
the mosque, let us take note of a small stone enclosure along the western boundary wall
where the well of the Mosque is located. This greenery shaded structure, measuring 19 ft.
3
by 6.5-ft. marks the site where the remains of Mumtaz Mahal were deposited when first
brought to Agra. From this temporary grave they were removed to their present place of
internment in the mausoleum.
On the outside the Mosque has pieta dura work twining across its spandrels. The platform
in front of the Mosque is of red sandstone. A highly polished small
marble piece is so fitted that it serves as a mirror and one can see the
mausoleum reflected in it. The floor is of a material that is exceedingly
fine and sparkling and appears velvet red in shade. On that 539 prayer
carpets have been neatly marked out with black marble. All over there is exquisite
calligraphy and the name Allah and quotations from scriptures inscribed. The roof
supports 4 octagonal towers and 3 elegant domes. On either side of the Mosque, to the
north and south, and set along and upon the enclosure wall, there are two towers.
The Rest House: On the east side of the Taj stands the twin of the Mosque, a parallel
structure also made of red sandstone, referred to as the jawab, or "answer". Because it
faced away from the Mecca, it was never used for prayer. Its presence there has always
been something of an enigma. Was it a caravansary for pilgrims, or a meeting hall before
the faithful gathered before prayer? More p laudable is the theory that its purpose was
purely architectural, to counterbalance the Mosque and preserve the symmetry of the
entire design on the platform.
The jawab is similar to the Mosque. However, it does not contain the
accessories which go with a mosque, and, instead of Koranic inscriptions,
there are beautiful flower designs and other decoration effectively done
in white marble on the red sandstone background. On the floor between
the building and the mausoleum there is a full size reproduction of the
pinnacle adorning the Taj. This gives some idea of the true proportions (31-ft.) of what
from below appears to be a tiny thing.
Taj Garden
The Taj Gardens and the Ingenious Water Devices: A green carpet of garden, a
Persian garden, runs from the main gateway to the foot of the Taj. Babur,
the first Mughal emperor, who also brought with him the Persian
infatuation with flowers and fruit, birds and leaves, symmetry and
delicacy, introduced such gardens to India. Unlike other Oriental gardens
- especially those of the Japanese, who learned to accentuate existing
resources rather than formalize them - the Persian garden was artificially
contrived, unabashedly man-made, based on geometric arrangements of nature without
any attempt at a "natural" look.
Like Persian gardeners, landscape artists at the Taj attempted to translate the perfection of
heaven into terrestrial terms by following certain formulas. In Islam, four is the holiest of
all numbers - most arrangements of the Taj are based on that number or its multiples - and
the gardens were thus laid out in the quadrate plan. Two marble canals studded with
fountains and lined with cypress trees (symbolizing death) cross in the center of the
garden dividing it into four equal squares.
The mausoleum, instead of occupying the central point (like most Mughal mausoleums),
stands majestically at the north end just above the river. Each of the four quarters of the
garden has been sub-divided into 16 flowerbeds by stone-paved raised pathways. At the
center of the garden, halfway between the tomb and the gateway, stands a raised marble
4
lotus-tank with a cussed border. The tank has been arranged to perfectly reflect the Taj in
its waters.
A clear, unobstructed view of the mausoleum is available from any spot in the garden.
Fountains and solemn rows of cypress trees only adorn the north-south
water canal, lest the attention of the viewer would be diverted to the sides
!! This shows how carefully the aesthetic effect of the water devices and
the garden were calculated. The deep green cypress trees with their
slender rising shapes and curving topmost crests are mirrored in the water while between
their dark reflections shines the beauty of the immortal Taj.
The Water Devices: The architect e conduits, designed a clever system
to procure water for the Taj through underground pipes. Water was
drawn from the river by a series of purs (manual system of drawing
water from a water body using a rope and bucket pulled by bullocks)
and was brought through a broad water channel into an oblong storage
tank of great dimensions. It was again raised by a series of thirteen purs
worked by bullocks.
Except for the ramps, the other features of the whole water system have survived. An
over-head water-channel supported on massive arches carried water into another storage
tank of still greater dimensions. Water was finally raised by means of fourteen purs and
passed into a channel which filled three supply tanks, the last of which had pipe mouths
in its eastern wall. The pipes descended below and after travelling underground crossed
into the Taj enclosure. One pipeline runs directly towards the mosque to supply the
fountains in the tanks on the red sandstone plinth below the marble structure. Copper
pipes were used for separate series of fountains in the north-south canal, lotus pond and
the canal around it.
An ingenious method was devised to ensure uniform and undiminished
water pressure in the fountains, irrespective of the distance and the
outflow of water. A copper pot was provided under each fountain pipe -
which was thus connected to with the water supply only through the pot.
Water first fills the pot and then only rises simultaneously in the fountains. The fountains
are thus controlled by pressure in the pots and not pressure in the main pipe. As the
pressure in the pots is uniformly distributed all the time, it ensures equal supply of water
at the same rate in all the fountains.
The main supply of the water was however obtained through earthenware pipes. One
such main was discovered under the bed of the western canal. The pipe is 9" in diameter
and has been embedded in masonry at a depth of 5 feet below the level of the paved walk.
Evidently, the Mughal water expert was a master of his art and successfully worked out
the levels in relation to the volume of water to ensure its unobstructed supply for
centuries. He anticipated no repair work and therefore made no provision for it; hence the
extraordinary depth at which the pipe was sunk.
The garden is irrigated by the overflowing of canals. The north-south canal has inlets of
water through fountains. The east west received its water through an interconnection with
the north-south canal. Thus the quarters near the canals received an adequate supply of
water and could be used for growing flower-plants which would not obscure the general
view, while the distant quarters got a smaller supply of water and were suitable only for
tall trees.
5
Agra Red Fort: Built principally as a military establishment by Akbar in 1565, the red
sandstone Agra fort was partially converted into a palace during Shah Jahan's time.
Though Akbar built the principle structure his grandsons made many more additions.
Itmad-Ud-Daulah's Tomb: This tomb belongs to the father of Nur Jahan, Ghias-ud-Din
Beg. He was the Wajir or the Chief Minister of Emperor Jehangir. Nur Jahan built this
white marble tomb between 1622 and 1628. The tomb may not be as mammoth as the Taj
but the inlay designs and carvings are no less than Taj if not more. The delicate marble
latticework in the passages allows the light to enter the interiors. Nur Jahan for Jehangir
in Lahore built a similar tomb. This tomb was the first complete marble Mogul structure.
Chini-Ka-Rauza: A tomb of glazed tiles is a memorial dedicated to poet-scholar and
later the Prime Minister of Shah Jahan, Allama Afzel Khal Mullah Shukrullah of Shiraz.
Jama Masjid Or Jami Masjid: Built by Shah Jahan in 1648, the main gate of this
mosque has inscription written on it that Jahanara Begum built it. She was the favorite
daughter of Shah Jahan and was imprisoned with him. The absence of minarets and the
shape of the dome give sit a distinguished character.
EXCURSIONS
Sikandra: Four kilometer from Agra is the mausoleum of Akbar. Akbar himself started
construction of this beautiful monument . This structure has a perfect blending of Hindu,
Christian , Islamic, Buddhist, and Jain motifs.
Mariyam Tomb: This tomb is dedicated to the wife of Akbar. The red sand stone tomb
was built in 1611 and is on the Delhi- Agra highway. The carvings on the tomb of
Mariyam-us-Zamani are worth giving a closer look.
Fatehpur Sikri: 37 kms from Agra is built a city predominantly in Red Sandstone called
Fatehpur Sikri. The Mughal Emperor Akbar built this town. He had planned this city as
his capital but shortage of water compelled him to abandon the city and
within 20 years the capital of Mughals was shifted to Lahore. Fatehpur
Sikri was built during 1571 and 1585.
Ram Bagh: When Babur came to India he laid the first Mughal gardens
500 m North of the Chini Ka Rauza. This well laid gardens are not even a
fraction of what they used to be. It will need lots of imagination to picture
how these gardens must have looked in 1558.
Mathura: Krishna, one of the incarnations of Lord Vishnu was born here. Mathura,
which is one of the major Pilgrimage for the Hindus is 58 Kms from Agra. It comes
before Agra if travelling from Delhi. Today the small town of Lord Krishna has grown
and the place has a population of almost 3 lakh people.
National Chambal Wildlife Sanctuary: The National Chambal Sanctuary, located in
Etawah, near Agra is spread over an area of 635 sq. kms.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: Agra is one of the hottest tourist destinations in India and all facilities have been
provided for the easy access to this place. It has its own airport that connects Agra with
all the major places in India. The Agra airport or the Kheria airport has all the major
domestic airlines having their services to this place of the Taj.
Rail: Agra is a major railway station with almost all the trains to south India, Mumbai
and many trains to Calcutta stopping here. The “Palace visits the city on Wheels" .The
Rajdhani and Shatabdi trains have also their stoppage in Agra. The city is well connected
by trains to almost every corner of the nation.
6
Road: Agra has the National Highway Numbers 2, 3, and 11 passing through it. So the
premier tourist destination of India is also well linked by bus services to other places in
the State as well as outside the state. The state transports have deluxe as well as ordinary
bus services for the place. There are conducted tours which take tourist not only to Agra,
but the near by tourist spots too.
PLACES TO STAY
Agra is one of the major tourist destination, where international tourist inflow is also
quite good. So the options of luxurious accommodations are plenty. If you are a budget
travelers, there are numerous tourist lodges as well mid-range hotels too
ALIGARH
Location: Central Uttar Pradesh
Also Called As: Koil Or Kol
Famous For: Aligarh Muslim University
Languages: Hindi, Urdu
Lying southeast of Delhi, the city of Aligarh is usually referred to as Koil, or Kol. Aligarh
is known for the its university known as the Aligarh Muslim University. Aligarh is the
name of a nearby fort. The city, an agricultural trade center, is located in central Uttar
Pradesh.
The Aligarh Fort is three kms north of the town and in its present form, dates back to
1524. Originally, it was under Moghul rule but after the death of Aurangzeb, it was
confiscated by the Afghans and later on passed on to Jats, Marathas, Rohillas and finally
in 1803, it came under the British.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Aligarh Fort: The old fort dates as far back as 1194. During the collapse of the Mughal
Empire, the region was faught for by the Afghans, Jats, Marathas and the Rohillas.
Renamed Aligarh, meaning 'high fort' in 1776, it fell to the British in 1803 despite French
support to its ruler, Scindia.
Dor Fortress: The ruins of an old fort built in 1524, the site of which is now occupied by
an 18th century mosque, is also located here. Buddhist and Hindu temples of great
antiquity are also found here. { Book Fort Tours }
Aligarh Muslim University : Aligarh is best known today for its Aligarh Muslim
University, where the thoughts of having a separate Islamic nation found ground. Muslim
students from all over the Islamic world come here to study.
EXCURSIONS
Sankasya: There is a mound with a stupa, which commemorates the spot where the
Buddha is said to have descended from heavens after preaching his mother.
Kannauj: Kannauj, once a mighty Hindu city under the rule of Harshavardhana, is the
place where Sher Shah defeated Humayun.
Etawah: At Etawah, there is a ruined fort, Jami Masjid and some bathing ghats on the
riverbank.
Rampur: Rampur was formerly the capital city of Rohilla state, Rampur houses the State
Library that has an important collection of old manuscripts and is in a fine building in the
old fort. There are also some ancient miniature art pieces here. The bazaars around the
palace are buzzing with activity.
HOW TO GET THERE
Rail: The place is well connected by rail.
7
Road: A network of road transport connects the city to the important places.
Local Transport: Cycle rickshaws, auto rickshaws, taxis.
PLACES TO STAY
Counted as one of the major cities of UP, Aligarh is also well equipped with some good
accommodation options, including luxurious and budget hotels.
NEARBY CITIES
Meerut 128 km
New Delhi 131 km
Gurgaon 161 km
ALLAHABAD
Location: Uttar Pradesh
Attractions: Allahabad High Court, Public Library
Architecture: Colonial Architecture Of Late 19th & Early 20th Century
Languages: Hindi, English
One of the largest cities in Uttar Pradesh Allahabad bears testimony to
the transfer of power from the East India company to the British Crown
after the 1857 uprising The public library, the High Court, Allahabad
University, Muir College, Mayo Memorial Hall are some structures that
portray the exquisite colonial architecture prevalent in the 19th and the
early 20th century.
The most sacred spot in Allahabad is Triveni Sangam, the confluence of
three of the holiest rivers of the Hindu mythology, the holy Ganga, Yamuna and the
mythical Saraswati. Devout Hindus from all over India come to this sacred pilgrimage
point to offer prayers and take a dip in the holy waters. It is believed that a holy dip taken
at the Sangam washes away all sins.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
All Saint's Cathedral: William Emerson designed the Cathedral church of All Saint's at
Allahabad in 1870’s, but it was consecrated only in 1887AD. The church, which has been
described as the finest Anglican Cathedral in Asia is faced in white stone from Surajpur
with red stone dressings.
Holy Trinity Church: Constructed in 1839 under the supervision of Lieutenant Sharp
and architect Major Smith, this is the first church of Allahabad.
Jamuna Church: Built in 1847 by John Freeman, one of the first American Presbyterian
missionaries who arrived in Allahabad.
Others
Ram Lila: Allahabad Dussehra is marked with the unique procession of beautifully
decorated "chowkis" accompanied by Ramdals every evening.
Public Library (1864): Standing at Alfred park this building was opened as a memorial
to the friendship of Lord Thornhill, the then C missioner of Allahabad and Mr. Mayne,
the then Collector. It was called the "Thomhill and Mayne Memorial". Designed by
R.Roskell Rayne, this public library is a remarkable example of Gothic Style. The
memorial has a lofty tower and accorded cloisters. In 1879 thelibrary was shifted to the
present p9remises, at Alfred park. It has about 75,000 books, besides a treasure trove of
manuscripts and journals.
8
The Old High Court and Public Offices: They are four-storied block.
Made of sandstone and ashore these were built by Colonel Pile in I 870
in the classical style. The Minto Park to the west of the ton has a
Memorial Pillar enriched with Royal medallions and four lions carrying
the Imperial coronet. This was a memorial pillar to the Royal
Proclamation of the assumption of rule by the British crown in 1858.
The Municipal Museum adjoining the library is yet another colonial
structure that is a treasure-trove of archaeological artifacts.
Allahabad Museum: The Allahabad Museum has an impressive collection of Sunga,
Gupta, late Gupta and early medieval period sculptural masterpieces, discovered at
different places around Allahabad.
Muir College (1874): Designed by William Emerson, this is an excellent mix of Gothic
and Indian architectural elements. Commenced in 1874 and opened in 1886, it has an
arcade quadrangle, which is dominated, by a 200ft-minaret tower in cream colored
sandstone from Mirzapur with marble and mosaic floors. The domes of the Indo
saracenic structure are clad in Multan glazed tiles.
Mayo Memorial Hall(1879): Situated near the Thornhill and Mavne Memorial this large
hall with a 180 ft high tower was designed by R.Roskell Bayne. Professor Gamble of the
South Kensington Museum, London, ornaments the interior of this memorial hall with
designs. Completed in 1879 this hall was meant for public meetings, balls and receptions
in commemoration of the assassinated Viceroy.
Ewing Christian College (1901): In 1901 Dr. Arthur Ewing founded the Allahabad
Christian College with eight students. By 1912 when Dr. Ewing passed away the college
had its own Physics lab, Princeton hostel, Rhea hostel, Engineering buildings, the main
building, Agricultural department, Philadelphia hostel and Turner hostel. memory of its
great founder this college was a leading educational institution of Allahabad during early
19th century.
Allahabad High Court(1916): Chief Justice, Sir John Staley laid the foundation in 1911.
It was finally completed in 1916 and opened by Viceroy Lord Chelmsford. Designed by
Frank Lishman. this structure is subtly adapted to the climate as is evident from the
double roofing with Allahabad tiles on top to beat the summer heat. Conceived in a grand
fashion, it has a domed pediment center, arcade wings, stone balustrades and engrained
arches. It reflects a beautiful synthesis of Eastern and Western architectural styles
Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary: This 230-sq. kms.of sanctuary is rich in wildlife.
HOW TO GET THERE
Rail: Allahabad has four railway stations, but major trains on the broad-gauge Delhi-
Kanpur-Kolkatta line arrive at the main Allahabad Junctions.
Road: Allahabad is well connected by road to all the major cities and town of the state
and buses ply regularly to nearby towns of Varanasi, Kanpur & Lucknow.
Local Transport: Taxis, cycles and auto rickshaws are the most common mode of
transport within the city.
PLACES TO STAY
Allahabad has hotels to suit most budgets and temperaments, with reasonable options
generally in the old Chowk area to the south, and the mid-range and luxurious ones in the
Civil Lines.
9
NEARBY CITIES
Varanasi 125 km
Kanpur 195 km
Lucknow 238 km
AYODHYA
Attractions: Ramkot, Hanuman Garhi
Best Season: Throughout The Year
Languages: Hindi, Avadhi, and English
The Birth Place Of Lord Rama: On the right bank of the river Ghagra
or Saryu, as it is called within sacred precincts, stands the holy city of
Ayodhya, believed to be the birth place of lord Rama, the seventh
incarnation of lord Vishnu.
Ayodhya during ancient times was known as Kosaldesa. The
Atharvaveda describes it as “a city built by gods and being as prosperous
as paradise itself”. The illustrious Ikshvaku of the solar clan
(suryavamsa) was the ruling dynasty of this region.
Manu, the lawgiver of the Hindus, founded the ancient city of Ayodhya, according to the
Ramayana. For centuries, it was the capital of the descendants of the Surya dynasty of
which lord Rama was the most celebrated king.
Ayodhya is pre-eminently a city of temples yet, all the places of worship here, are not
only of Hindu religion. At Ayodhya several religions have grown and prospered
simultaneously and also at different periods of time in the past. Remnants of Hinduism,
Buddhism, Jainism and Islam can still be found in Ayodhya. According to Jain belief, five
tirthankaras were born at Ayodhya, including Adinath (Rishabhadeva), the 1st tirthankar.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Ramkot: The chief place of worship in Ayodhya is the site of the
ancient citadel of Ramkot, which stands on an elevated ground in
the western part of the city. Although visited by pilgrims through
out the year, this sacred place attracts devotees from all over India
and abroad, on ‘Ramnavami’, the day of the lord’s birth, which is
celebrated with great pomp and show, in the Hindu month of
Chaitra (March-April).
The Hanuman Garhi: Situated in the center of the town, this temple is approachable by
a flight of 76 steps. Legend has it that Hanuman lived here, in a cave and guarded the
Janmabhoomi or Ramkot. The main temple contains the statue of Anjani, with child
Hanuman, seated on her lap. The devotees believe that all their wishes will be granted
with a visit to this holy shrine.
A massive structure in the shape of a four-sided fort with circular bastions at each corner ,
houses a temple of Hanuman and is the most popular shrine in Ayodhya.
Treta-Ke-Thakur: This temple stands at the place, where Rama is said to have
performed the Ashvamedha Yagya. About 300 years ago, the Raja of Kullu built a new
temple here, which was improved by Ahilyabai Holkar of Indore, during 1784. At the
same time, the adjoining ghats were also built. The initial idols in black sandstone were
recovered from Saryu and placed in the new temple, famous as Kaleram-ka-Mandir.
10
Nageshwarnath Temple: The temple of Nageshwarnath is said to have
been established by Kush, the son of Rama. Legend has it that Kush lost
his armlet, while bathing in the river Saryu, which was picked up by a
nag-kanya, who fell in love with him. As she was a devotee of Shiva,
Kush erected this temple for her. It is said that this is the only temple to
have survived till the time of Vikramaditya, the rest of city had fallen into
ruins and was covered by dense forests. It was by means of this temple
that Vikramaditya was able to locate Ayodhya and the sites of different
shrines here. The festival of Shivratri is celebrated here with great pomp & show.
Kanak Bhawan: Legends have it that queen Kaikeyi had built it for Sita. It has been
restored time and again by various kings. Rani Krishnabhanu Kunwari of Orchha built
the present temple, in 1891.
Maniparvat: This hillock standing about 65 fee high is considered to be of Buddhist
origin, by many. According to legend, it was while Hanuman was carrying the hill
bearing the ‘sanjeevani booti’, for Lakshman’s wounds from Himalayas on way to Lanka,
a portion broke off and fell in Ayodhya.
Jain Shrines: There are also several Jain temples at Ayodhya, as it is said to be the
birthplace of five tirthankaras. Kesari Singh, the treasurer of Nawab of Faizabad, built
five shrines to mark the birthplace of these tirthankaras, which bear the date of Vikram
Samvat 1781. The temple of Adinath is near the Swargdwar, while the Anantanath temple
stands on the Gola Ghat & Sumantnath shrine is at Ramkot.
Tulsichaura: The Hindi version of the epic Ramayana, “The Ramcharitmanas” is said to
have been composed by Tulsidas, here.
Tulsi Smarak Bhawan: Built in memory of the poet Goswami Tulsidas, this monument
is used for prayer meetings, religious sermons and discussions, and the singing of
devotional songs (Bhajans and kirtans). It also houses the Ayodhya Shodh Sansthan,
where a large collection of literary works of Swami Tulsidas can be seen. A cultural
center of Performing Arts also functions here. Ramkatha museum, set up at Ayodhya
since 1988, is engaged in collection, preservation and conservation of antiquities related
to the life of Rama.
EXCURSIONS
Faizabad: Faizabad developed as a township nearly 220 years ago, during the reign of
Safdar Jang, the second Nawab of Avadh, who laid its foundations by making it his
military headquarters. A fort known as Chhota Calcutta, now in ruins. The chowk,
Tirpaulia, Anguribagh, Motibagh, Asafbagh & Bulandbagh, all built by Suja Ud Daula
are noteworthy for their architecture. Gulab Bari, the mausoleum of Shija Ud Daula is
also worth a visit.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: For Ayodhya the nearest airports are Amausi, Bumrauli and Babatpur.
Rail: Ayodhya is situated on the broad gauge northern railway line on Mughal Sarai-
Lucknow main route. Ayodhya/Faizabad are connected to various parts of the country by
rail lines.
Road: Connected by road to several major cities and towns.
11
PLACES TO STAY
There are pretty decent and resonable accommodations available in Ayodhya. Being a
religious center Dharamshalas are available for pilgrims and tourists can opt for tourist
lodges.
NEARBY CITIES
Faizabad: 6-km
Lucknow: 130-km
GENERAL INFORMATION
Area: 10.24 sq. kms.
Population: 40642 (1991 census)
Altitude: 26.90 m above sea level.
Season: October- March.
Clothing: Summer: Light Cotton.
Winter: Woollens.
Important Festivals: Ramnavami (March- April).
Rath Yatra: In the months of June- July.
BARSANA
Location: North west of Mathura (Uttar Pradesh)
Main Attraction: Lathmaar Holi
Language / Dialect: Hindi, Brij Bhasha
Best Season: July to November
Once the home of Radha, the consort of Lord Krishna, Barsana is 50 km to the north-west
of Mathura and 19 km north-west of Govardhan. It is situated at the foot of a hill that is
named after Lord Brahma.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Religious Places Ladliji Temple: Also known as the Radha Rani Temple, it is one of the
many temples dedicated to the divine couple that ornaments the four elevations of the hill
at Barsana. The most beautiful temple at Barsana, it was built by Raja Bir Singh ji Deo of
Orchha in 1675. The new marble temple adjoining it, was added later on.
Shankari-Khor: The area between the hill housing the Radha-Rani temple and the
adjoining temple is known as the Sankari-Khor. This is the venue of the annual fair held
in the month of Bhadon (July-August). The other three shrines are the Man Mandir,
Dargah and Mor-Kutir temples.
Others
Radha-Ashtami: The birth anniversary of Radha-Rani is celebrated on the nineth day of
the bright half of Bhadrapad (July-August) at the Mor-Kutir Temple, which was built
about 300 years ago. Women celebrate the occasion by giving laddus to the peacocks- to
symbolise the serving of sweets by Radha to Lord Krishna.
Lathmaar Holi: Barsana is also famous for its ‘lathmar- holi’ celebrations. On this day,
there is an enmasse procession wherein married women practically beat their husbands
with wooden sticks. This kind of celebration on the day of the festival of colours is
unique to this town. Most of the monuments and edifices here have deteriorated with the
advent of time. Still a few tanks do survive and can be seen, including the Prem Sarovar,
Roop Sagar, Jal Mahal and the Bhanokhar Tank.
12
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: Nearest airport from Mathura is Kheria (Agra), 62 kms.
Rail: Mathura is on the main lines of the central and western railways and is connected
with all the major cities.
Road: Mathura is well connected by motorable roads to important tourist centres and is
50-km away from Barsana.
Local transport: Taxis, Tongas and Cycle rickshaws.
PLACES TO STAY
Tourist Bungalow, Barsana.
NEARBY CITIES
Govardhan: 19-km
Matura: 50-km
BALDEO
Nearest City: Mathura
Named After: Balram, Brother of Lord Krishna
Main attraction: Daujee-ka-Huranga
The town of Baldeo is situated 20 kms southeast of Mathura and 8.5-km southeast of
Mahavan on the road to Sadabad. It derives its name from the famous temple dedicated to
Balram, the elder brother of lord Krishna. A temple dedicated to Baldeo stands in the
center of the town.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Temple Of Baldeo: Shyam Das of Delhi built it, 200 years ago. The main image in the
sanctum is that of Baldeo or Balram with his spouse Revati. The temple is located in the
center of the town. { Book Temple Tours }
Others
Kshir Sagar: Nearby is the brick lined tank, the Kshir Sagar or balbhadra kund, from
where the original image housed in the temple was found.
Daujee Ka Huranga: The Holi festival celebrated here is famous as Daujee-ka-Huranga.
Men and women congregate here in large numbers to play holi.
HOW TO GET THERE
Road: Mathura is well connected by motorable roads to important tourist centres and is
just 20-km away from Baldeo.
PLACES TO STAY
Being a nearby town of Mathua, its not hard to find reasonable accommodations over
here or just check in at any of the hotels in Mathura, Vrindavan or Gokul.
Click here for Hotels in Uttar Pradesh
NEARBY CITIES
Mahavan: 8.5-km
Mathura: 20-km
13
BARUA SAGAR
Attractions: Barua Sagar Lake, Jarai-Ka-Math
Best Season: September to March
Languages: Hindi, Bundeli THE LAND OF WARRIORS: Barua Sagar is situated on
the banks of the Betwa River, the place is named after the Barua Sagar Taal, a large lake
created about 260 years ago when Raja Udit Singh of Orchha built the embankment.
Here, atop a hill, is another historic fort of Bundelkhand. This is where the Marathas
fought the Bundelas in 1744. The view from the fort is magnificient, as it overlooks the
vast reservoir created by the dam across the Betwa. The sandstone fort, partially in ruins,
is currently being restored by the Archaeological Survey of India.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Fort of Bundelkhand: This historic fort, picturesquely located at a great height,
commands an excellent view of the lake and surrounding landscape.
Kalijar Fort: Situated at a height of 700 ft, on the Vindhya ranges, this fort is accessible
through seven gateways- the Alamgir Darwaza, Ganesh Dwar, Chauburji Darwaza,
Buddh Bhandra Darwaza, Hanuman Dwar, Lal Darwaza and Bara Darwaza. Within the
fort are two palaces- the Raja Mahal and the Rani Mahal, as well as several other places
of interest.
Temples
Chandela Temples: To the northeast of the lake are ruins of two old Chandela temples.
Built of granite, the older one is known as Ghughua Math.
Jarai Ka Math: Barua sagar is also known for a beautiful temple, the Jarai-Ka-Math.
Built during the reign of the Pratiharas, it is a precursor to the vigorous temple-building
activity, which became a characteristic feature of the Chandellas. The temple is dedicated
to Devi (Amba or Durga) whose multifarious forms are represented in the profusely
carved sculptures along the temple walls. The temple stands on elevated ground
dominating its surroundings.
Neelkanth Temple: the Chandela ruler, Parmardideva, built this temple. In a niche by the
rock-cut Swargarohan pool, stands a colossal 18-armed image of Kaal Bhairava, the
fearsome aspect of Lord Shiva.
Vankhandeshwar Mahadev Temple: Located at the source of the Shivasari Ganga, this
is also worth a visit.
Lakes
Barua Sagar Lake: The place is named after the Baruasagar Taal, a large lake formed
about 260 years ago, when an embankment was erected by Raja Udit Singh of Orchha.
Barua sagar is a pleasant place, and the vast water body of the Barua Sagar Taal greatly
enhances its appeal.
EXCURSIONS
Jhansi: Jhansi, the gateway to Bundelkhand, was a stronghold of the Chandela kings. It
rose to prominence again in the 17th century under Raja Bir Singh Deo. Its greatest claim
to fame is its fiery queen Rani Laxmibai, who led forces against the British in 1857,
sacrificing her life to the cause of Indian independence. A new dimension has been added
to this historic city with the introduction of the Jhansi festival, held every year in
February-March. It offers a fine opportunity to enjoy the arts, crafts and culture of the
region.
14
Mahoba: 160 km (via Nawgaon) This lesser known destination has several lakes created
in medieval times, the famous Sun Temple, and ruins of temples and other structures built
in the same style as the ones at Khajuraho.
Orchha: 26 km (via Northgate). Orchha was founded in 1531 and remained a Rajput
capital till 1783. Its golden age was during the first half of the 17th century. Situated on
the River Betwa, Orchha has numerous well-preserved palaces. These include the
Jehangir Mahal and the Raj Mahal. Orchha’s fine temples are still in worship, and
devotees throng the Ram Raja Temple, the Chaturbhuj Temple and the Laxmi Narayan
Temple.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: The nearest airports are Gwalior and Khajuraho.
Rail: Barua Sagar lies the Jhansi - Varanasi routes.
PLACES TO STAY
Hotel Veerangana (UPSTDC), near Circuit House, Jhansi.
NEARBY CITIES
Mahoba: 160 km (via Nawgaon)
Orchha: 26 km (via Northgate)
GENERAL INFORMATION
Area: 4.64 sq. km.
Population: 18,783 (1991 census).
Altitude: 210 m above sea level.
Clothing:
Summer: Light cottons.
Winter: Woolens.
BATESHWAR
Location: District Agra, Uttar Pradesh
Major Attraction: Cattle Fair
Significance: Birth Place of Prime Minister, A.B.Vajpayee
Languages: Hindi
The remote town of Bateshwar is located 70 kms from Agra. The unexplored temple town
has shot to fame as the birthplace of the present Prime Minister of India, Mr. Atal Behari
Vajpayee. Known for its religious and historic importance, Batehwar is finally all set to
become a major destination in the tourist circuits.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
The temples: There are hundred-odd temples in Bateshwar. Adding colour to the place is
a host of Shiva and Krishna temples. Lord Shiva is the presiding deity of the temple
town. There are temples dating back to the Jain era too.
Jain pilgrimage: Jain scriptures accord a special place to Bateshwar as legend has it that
the 22nd `Tirthankar'-- Bhagwan Neminath set foot in this village in human form. The
Department of Tourism is also planning to rope in a large Jain population in the country
and abroad.
Others
The Cattle Fair: A huge cattle fair is held in Bateshwar from mid-October to mid-
November, which attracts large crowds.
15
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: The nearest airport is situated at Agra.
Rail: Agra is the nearest railhead from Bateshwar.
Road: Bateshwar is well connected from Agra and regular buses link the city with the
rest of the major cities within the state.
PLACES TO STAY
Bateshwar is a small township, but is having some quiet good and reasonable option to
stay.
NEARBY CITIES
Agra: 70-km
CHILA
Attractions: Elephants, Spotted Deer
Excursions: Rishikesh, Haridwar
THE WILD IN THE HILLS: Chila Wildlife Sanctuary, a haven for animal watchers is
just 8 kms. From Haridwar and 21 kms. From Rishikesh. Located on the banks of the
Ganga River, in the heart of Shivalik hills, Chila is a part of the famous Rajaji National
Park.
The town itself is neither attractive nor interesting, but makes a good base for
explorations of the park.
The Wild Population: The fauna species include elephants, spotted deer, stag deer, blue
bull, wild boar, fox, porcupine, jungle fowls and peacock. Besides these, migratory birds
are also seen on the river Ganga. Wild animal/bird watching and photography on elephant
back is a prime attraction. Pleasure walks in the jungle provide the much-needed respite
from the maddening noise of the city life.
EXCURSIONS
Rishikesh: A visit to the great pilgrim center of Rishikesh (21 kms. from Chila), which is
located on the banks of holy Ganga, amidst tranquil surroundings is a highly rejuvenating
experience for both the nature lover and the spiritually guided mind.
Kaudiyala: The rafter’s camp developed by GMVN is just 62 kms. From Chila. It
provides an excellent opportunity for river rafting & water sports.
Haridwar: Perched on the edge of time along the banks of the holy river Ganga,
Haridwar, the foremost on a traditional Hindu pilgrims’ itinerary, is just 8 kms. From
Chila.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: Nearest airport is Jolly Grant, 42 kms.
Rail: Nearest railhead is Haridwar, 8 kms.
Road: Well connected by a motorable road- Haridwar (8 kms.) Rishikesh (21 kms.) &
Delhi (208 kms.)
NEARBY CITIES
Haridwar: 8-km
Rishikesh: 21-km
Delhi: 208-km
CHITRAKOOT
16
Main attractions: Gupt-Godavari, Bharat-Koop
Best Season: July-March
Languages: Hindi, Bundeli, and English
THE ANCIENT PILGRIMAGE: Situated in Banda district of Uttar Pradesh, on the
banks of river Paisuni (Mandakini), Chitrakoot Dham is one of the most ancient holy
pilgrim places of India. Lying in latitude 25 10’N and longitude 80 53’ E, on the road
from Banda to Allahabad, it is 285 km from Lucknow and 120 km from Allahabad.
The fourteen years of exile of lord Rama have impressed the human mind more vitally
than other period of his life. Wherever his august feet tread in the years that he roved the
wilderness, the land sprouted a pilgrimage center. Chitrakoot is one of them. Legend has
it that during his fourteen years exile, lord Rama, and along with his consort Sita and
brother Lakshman came to Chitrakoot and in the solitude of its forests came in intimate
contact with sage Atri and Sati Anasuya.
Goswami Tulsidas, the author of epic “Shri Ramcharitmanas”, spent many years on the
soil of Chitrakoot, rendered sacred by the touch of the Lord’s feet. He composed many of
his verses surrounded by nature, in its fullest splendor. Wrapped in peace and tranquility,
broken only by the flutter of birds and the murmur of gushing streams, Chitrakoot is a
symbol of faith-dotted with myriad temples and filled with the reverberating sound of
bells- truly, an abode of the gods.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Anasuya- Atri Ashram: About 4 kms away from Sphatikshila is the hermitage of sage
Atri and Anasuya surrounded by dense jungles. The peace and tranquility is occasionally
disturbed by the sound of wild animals. The ashram houses the statues of Anasuya, Atri,
Dattatreya and Durvasa Muni.
Gupt-Godavari: A natural wonder, the Gupt-Godavari caves are at a distance of 9.66
km, from Anasuya Atri Ashram. In the heart of a dark cave is a tank, which is perpetually
fed by a small stream of water. This tank which is known as ‘Sitakund’ is not too deep.
Gushing out of the cave into two tanks outside, the water disappears suddenly, creating an
aura of mystery.
Bharat Koop: To attain salvation, the pilgrimage to Chitrakoot is incomplete without a
visit to this hallowed place of worship. It is said that, to crown lord Rama as the king of
Ayodhya, his brother bharat, collected the waters of all the sacred rivers to anoint him
with. On the advice of sage Atri, the waters were later poured into a deep well popularly
known as Bharat Koop was. A temple dedicated to Lord Rama is also found here.
Jankikund: On the banks of the river Mandakini, bathed in a golden hue is the
Jankikund, where Sita took her ceremonial dip every morning.
Sphatikshila: Situated around 1.5 miles from Jankikund, on the banks of river Paisuni is
the Sphatikshila, where Ram & Sita used to sit and watch the beauty of the serene
surroundings. It is also said that at this place, Jayant, son of lord Indra, in the guise of a
crow, had attached and pecked Sita.
EXCURSIONS
Hanuman Dhara: Approachable by a flight of 360 steps, situated atop a hill is Hanuman
Dhara, which has a big statue of lord Hanuman. A streak of water, gushing out from the
hillock falls into a tank situated in front of the statue.
Kalinjar: 88 km from Chitrakoot lies the invincible fort of Kalinjar. Once desired by
kings & dynasties, it houses the Nilkanth Temple, Swargarohan Kund, Balkhandeshwar
17
Mahadev Temple, Shivasari Ganga & Koti Tirth. Other interesting spots within the fort
area are Sita Sej, Patal Ganga, Pandu Kund, Budhi-Taal, Bhairon-Ki-Jharia and
Mrigdhara.
Allahabad: Allahabad, at the confluence of the three holiest of Indian rivers, the Ganga,
Yamuna & the mythical Saraswati, has been the center of Hindu faith and devotion for
centuries. People congregate in hundreds to take a dip in its sacred waters every day.
Sitapur: Lying on the left bank of Paisuni about 8 km from Karvi, it is intimately
connected with the sacred hill of Kamtanath, which is 2 km to its southwest. Pilgrims
first bathe in Paisuni, at Sitapur and then move on to do the ‘parikrama’ of Kamtanath
Hill.
Originally known as Jaisinghpur, it was given to Mahant Charan Das by Aman Singh
Raja of Panna, who gave it the new name Sitapur, in honour of goddess Sita. There are
twenty-four ghats and several temples along the river, which add to the glory of the town.
Rajapur: 42 km from Chitrakoot, this place is believed to be the birthplace of Goswami
Tulsidas. A Tulsi Mandir is situated here.
Marpha: 4 km from Gupt Godavari is Marpha famous for its natural beauty along with
waterfalls, Jal Mohan Sarovar, Sri Balaji Mandir, five-faced statue of lord Shankar and
ruins of a fort, believed to be built by Chandela rajas.
Ganesh Bagh: 11 km. from Chitrakoot at Ganesh Bagh, on the Karvi Devangana Road,
an exquisitely carved Shiva temple, a seven-storeyed Bawali and remains of a residential
palace, built during the Peshwa rule, popularly known as mini Khajuraho are well worth a
visit.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: Nearest airport is at Bamrauli (Allahabad) 135 km.
Rail: Chitrakoot is connected by rail with all major cities- Delhi, Calcutta, Jhansi,
Gwalior, Lucknow, Jabalpur, Varanasi, Allahabad. Nearest railway stations are Karvi (8
km) and Atarra (40 km).
Road: By road, Chitrakoot is 8 km from Karvi and 72 km from Banda. For tourists, it is
advisable to reach Karvi, headquarters of the sub-division, from where one can go to
Sitapur, situated at the foothills of Kamtanath hill. Buses of both M.P. and U.P. state
roadways ply on this route.
Local Transport: Jeep, rickshaw, tonga, taxi services available for local sight seeing.
PLACES TO STAY
For accommodation there is a Tourist Bungalow of U.P. Tourism available at Chitrakoot.
Pilgrim visiting this sacred site can also check in the various Dharamshalas offering
resonable accommodation over here.
NEARBY CITIES
Karvi: 8-km
Banda: 72-km
Rajapur: 42-km
Kalinjar: 88-km
Allahabad: 135-km
GENERAL INFORMATION
Area: 38.2 sq. km
Population: 37494 (1991 census).
18
Clothing: Summer: Light Cottons.
Winter: Woollens.
Main festivals:
Ramayan Mela: Feb-March
Ramnavami: March- April
‘Deepdan’ during Dipawali: October- November.
DEOGARH
Meaning: Fort Of Gods
Main attractions: 31 Jain Temples
Best Season: August To April
THE FORT OF GODS: Deogarh is situated on the bank of the Betwa River, at the
western end of the Lalitpur range of hills. Due to its strategic location on the main route
to the Deccan Plateau, it figures in the history of the Guptas, the Gurjara- Pratiharas, the
Gondas, the Muslim rulers of Delhi, the Marathas and the British. As a result, it is of
great antiquarian, epigraphically and archaeological value today.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Dashavatar Temple: This fine Gupta temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu is the earliest
known Panchyatan temple in north India. The terraced basement above the high plinth is
decorated with sculpted panels. The figures of Ganga and Yamuna adorn the carved
doorway leading to the sanctum sanctorum.
Three large carved panels along the sidewalls - the Gajendramoksha panel, the Nar
Narayan Tapasya and the Anantshayi Vishnu, depict scenes from Vaishnava mythology.
Only the lower portion remains, of the spire, which was the most important part of the
temple.
Jain Temples: These 31 Jain temples were built much after the Vishnu Temple, but are
no less remarkable. They are situated inside the fort of Kanali on the hills, overlooking
the Betwa.
The site was a Jain centre from the 6th to the 17th century. The temples abound in panels
depicting scenes from Jain mythology, Tirthankara images, votive pillars, votive tablets,
Jain images visible from all sides and pillars carved with a thousand Jain figures.
EXCURSIONS
Chanderi: This town, famous for its gossamer-like sarees, also has fine examples of
Rajput and Sultanate architecture. A magnificent Mughal Fort dominates the skyline.
Among the interesting sites are the Koshak Mahal, the Badal mahal, Victory Arch, Jama
Masjid and ancient Jain temples.
Talbehat: 31 km, south of Lalitpur, Talbehat is situated on the Jhansi-Sagar National
Highway. It derived its name from ‘Tal’ (Lake) and ‘Behat’ (village), in the language of
Gonds, the original settlers at the site. In 1618, Bharat Shah, the king of Bar and
Chanderi, built a fine fort with the famous Narsingh temple inside.
Matatila Dam: (93 km) This is an ideal picnic spot developed by the Irrigation
Department. Water-sports and a garden on the lines of the Vrindavan gardens are added
attractions.
19
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: Nearest airport is at Gwalior: 235 km.
Rail: The nearest railway station is Jakhlaun 13 km, on the Jhansi-Babina passenger train
route. Lalitpur is another railhead, 23 km from Deogarh.
Road: It is connected with bus services to all-important centres in the region.
Local Transport: Bus, Private Jeeps, and Private Cars.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Area: 5 sq. km.
Festivals: Jain Mela and Gajrath Mahotasav.
GANGOTRI
Location: Garhwal
Altitude: 3,200 mt
Dedicated To: Lord Shiva
This sacred shrine, situated at an altitude of 3,200 mt is the source of the river Bhagirathi.
The mountain peaks of Shivling, Satopanth and Bhagirathi sisters surround it. Accessible
by a motorable road, it is one of the most pious Hindu pilgrimages.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Temple Of Gangotri: As the legend goes, Raja Bhagirath used to worship Lord Shiva at
the sacred stone near which the temple is located. It is believed that goddess Ganga first
descended to earth from Heaven, at this stone. Amar Singh Thapa, the Gorkha
Commander of Garhwal, in the 18th century AD constructed this temple. It is also
believed that the Pandavas, came here to perform the great 'Deva Yagna' to atone the
death of their kinsmen in the battle of Mahabharata.
Submerged Shivling: Submerged in the river, this natural rock Shivling is the place
where, according to mythology, Lord Shiva sat when he received the Ganga in his matted
locks. It is visible in winter months when water level decreases.
EXCURSIONS
Kedartal : A spectacular lake situated at a distance of about 18 km trek from Gangotri,
negotiable through a rough mountain trail. The trek is very tiring and testing even for a
hardy trekker. There is no facility of any kind on the way and one haste make all
arrangements in advance. A local guide is essential. The lake is crystal clear with the
mighty Thalaysagar (sphatikling) peak forming a splendid backdrop. The place is about
15,000 feet above sea level and is the base camp for scaling to Thalaysagar, Jogin,
Bhrigupanth and other peaks.
Kedar Ganga Sangam: Around 100 yards from the Ganga temple, flows the river Kedar
Ganga. Starting from the Kedar valley, this river meets the Bhagirathi river on its left
bank.
Gaumukh: This is the snout of the Gangotri glacier and the present source of the
Bhagirathi river. The devotees who do not miss the opportunity to have a holy dip in the
bone chilling icy water hold it in high esteem. The 18-km distance from Gangotri haste is
covered on foot or by ponies. The trek is easy and many people come back to Gangotri
the same day. Porters and ponies are available for excursions to Gaumukh and other
trekking routes at Gangotri. There is a Tourist Bungalow at Bhojbasa, 14 km from
Gangotri where lodging and other facilities are available.
20
Bhaironghati: 10 km from Gangotri. Astride the road to Uttarkashi and near the
confluence of Jat Ganga and Bhagirathi rivers is situated, Bhaironghati . The temple of
Bhairav Nath surrounded by thick forests is worth visiting.
Bhairon Mandir: After traveling by road from Lanka to Bhaironghati one has to cross
the Jahanvi river on foot. After crossing the Jahanvi river and moving uphill, the Bhairon
temple can be seen.
Harsil: 26 km from Gangotri. Located in the topographically mountainous district of
Uttarkashi, this hamlet is famous for its natural beauty and delicious apples. Harsil is
situated at a distance of 72 km from Uttarkashi on the main highway to Gangotri and is at
a height of 2,620 mt above sea- level.
From Harsil, the adventurous tourist can trek to Sat Tal, situated just above Dharali, 2 km
beyond Harsil, to be greeted by the rewarding sight of seven lakes situated amidst
beautiful natural surroundings. The Harsil-Jangala Chatti route is amidst dense Deodar
forest.
Gangnani: 55 km from Gangotri. Noted for its thermal springs and close-up views of
famous mountain peaks, its peaceful and tranquilizing environment provides an ideal
setting for meditation.
Bhatwari: 70 km from Gangotri. It is a small upcoming town located at about 25 km
from Gangnani.
Maneri: 92 km from Gangotri. It has lately emerged as a place of tourist interest as a
result of the construction of a dam across the Bhagirathi river, from where the water is
fed to the turbines through an 8-km long tunnel at Tiloth in Uttarkashi. The resultant lake
at Maneri has added to the charm of the place.
Uttarkashi: 107 km from Gangotri. An important pilgrimage centre equated with
Varanasi, or Kashi in divinity. It is located in a wide stretch of the valley.
Situated at a distance of 155 km from Rishikesh, the last railhead, at an elevation of 1
,150 mt above sea-level on the bank of river Bhagirathi, this picturesque town is also the
district headquarter. From the religious point of view as well, it is considered important
because the temple of Lord Vishwanath, is located here where a massive iron trident is
erected. Description about this temple is given in 'Kedar Khand' (Skand-Puran). The other
important temples situated here are Ekadash Rudra, Bhairav and Gyaneshwar. The temple
of goddess Kuteti Devi is situated at the top of hills about 1.5 km away.
The Nehru Institute of Mountaineering is also located on a hill above the town, 5 km
away. Close by at Ujeli are a number of Ashrams and temples. On the occasion of "Magh
Mela" (January 14), every year people from far and near visit Uttarkashi to take a holy
dip in Bhagirathi along with the idol of they’re village deity.
Dayara Bugyal: Bugyal, in the local language means "high altitude meadow." The road
to Dayara Bugyal branches off near Bhatwari a place on Uttarkashi-Gangotri road about
32 km from Uttarkashi. Vehicles can go up to the village of Barsu from where one has to
trek a distance of about 8 km to reach Dayara. Situated at an elevation of about 3,190 mt
above sea level, this vast meadow is second to none in natural beauty. During winters it
provides excellent ski slopes over an area of 28 sq. km. From this spot one can trek down
to Dodi Tal, which is about 30 km away, through dense forests.
GAUMUKH
21
Altitude: 12960 Feet
Significance: Source Of River Ganga
Distance from Gangotri: 18 kms
Gaumukh, the source of river Ganga, is situated at a height of 12,960 feet. The Gangotri
Glacier, which lies at a height of 13,662 ft beyond Chaukhamba, extends as far as
Gaumukh. The Ganga gushes out of the glacier, here.
This is the snout of the Gangotri glacier and the present source of the Bhagirathi River.
The devotees, who do not miss the opportunity to have a holy dip in the bone-chilling icy
water, hold it in high esteem.
The 18-km distance from Gangotri has been covered on foot or by ponies. The trek is
easy and many people come back to Gangotri the same day. Porters and ponies are
available for excursions to Gaumukh and other trekking routes at Gangotri.
There is a Tourist Bungalow at Bhojbasa, 14 km from Gangotri where lodging and other
facilities are available.
GAURIKUND
Location: 5 Kms From Soneprayag (Uttar Pradesh)
Attraction: Temple Of Goddess Gauri
Special Feature: Hot And Cold Water Tanks
Best Season: March To November
Gaurikund is located at a distance of 5 kms from Soneprayag and 209 kms from
Rishikesh. There is an ancient temple, dedicated to the Goddess Gauri or Parvati, which
houses metallic idols of Gauri and Shiva.
According to legend, Parvati meditated here for a long time, to win Shiva as her consort.
Ultimately, she succeeded, and the cosmic couple was wed at Triyuginarayan.
Near the temple there are two tanks of water, one has cold water, while the other is a hot
water tank. The hot water comes out of a sulphur rock and some of it falls into the River
Mandakini, flowing nearby.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: Jolly grant (Dehradun) – 239 km away from Kedarnath of which 225 km is by road
and rest 14 km is on foot.
Rail: Railhead at Rishikesh, is 209 km away.
Road: Kedarnath is approachable on foot from Gaurikund, which is connected by road
with Rishikesh, Kotdwara, Dehradun, Haridwar and other important hill stations of
Garhwal and Kumaon Hills. Bus services are available at Rishikesh, Haridwar and
Kotdwara for Gaurikund. During yatra season, some special Yatra services are also
arranged to Gaurikund.
Local Transport: Private taxies and other light vehicles also ply between Rishikesh and
Gaurikund-Badrinath and back. Horses, Dandies and Ponies are available at Gaurikund
for going and carrying luggage to Kedarnath.
PLACES TO STAY
Accommodation can be found in the nearby Kedarnath, where Dhramashala
accommodation is the most reasonable ones. During the Yatra season the tourism board
makes special provisions for the stay of the pilgrims.
NEARBY CITIES
Soneprayag: 5-km
Kedarnath: 14-km
22
Rishikesh: 209-km
GHAZIABAD
Main Attraction: Garh Mukteshwar
Founded By: Ghaz-Ud-Din
Ghaziabad is located at northern part of Uttar Pradesh. Established in 1976, this rapidly
developing town comprises the part of the upper Ganges plain, historically known as the
land east of Sapta Sindu (seven rivers). Garhmukteshwar is one of the major tourist
places.
Ghaziabad was founded in 1740 by Ghaz-Ud-Din, the vazir of south India's king Salawat
Jung. The city was formerly called Ghaziuddinnagar. According to a legend, sage
Vishravamuni used to reside near the present city of Ghaziabad.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary: Founded in 1986, in Meerut, Ghaziabad, Bijnore and
Jyotiba Phule Nagar, The Hastinapur Sanctuary sprawling in an area of 2073 sq. kms, is
inhabited by varied types of wild animals like the swamp deer, chital, nilgai, wolf,
leopard, hyena, gharial and wild boar.
Masuri: Located on the banks of a canal, Masuri is an attractive picnic spot, lying at a
short distance from Ghaziabad. The place is surrounded by lush green mango groves.
Garhmukteshwar: Garhmukhteshwar is thronged throughout the year by devotees, who
come over to Jarkhandeshwar Temple and Mukteshwar Mahadev Temple to pay their
obeisance. Infact, the place is famous basically for the beautiful temples. The temples of
Dudheshwar Nath and Durga Devi are also located in the city.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: Delhi airport is at a distance of 30 km from Ghaziabad.
Rail: The railways link Ghaziabad to almost all the major cities.
Road: UP State Transport buses connect the city to the surrounding cities.
Local transport: For local transport, taxis, autorickshaws and cycle-rickshaws.
PLACES TO STAY
Shipra Hotel, A-8-A Ambedkar Marg, Ghaziabad.
Hotel Mela Plaza, C-3 Raj Nagar, District Centre, Ghaziabad.
Hindon Motel.
Hotel Skylark, Navyug Market.
NEARBY CITIES
Meerut 46 km
Gurgaon 49 km
Aligarh 112 km
Hissar 183 km
GENERAL INFORMATION
Area: 2,600 sq km.
Population: 271,730 (town).
GOKUL
23
Nearest Town: Sadabad
Languages / Dialect: Hindi, Brij Bhasha
DIVINITY REVEALED: Gokul, the most prominent of Shri Krishna’s abodes, lies to
the west of Sadabad, 1.6 km from Mahavan and 15 km south-east of Mathura, on the
Mathura-Etah metalled road. It was here that his foster mother, Yashoda, brought up Lord
Krishna in secrecy.
It was in the pastoral beauty of this cowherd encampment, on the banks of the Yamuna
that lord Krishna spent a major part of his childhood and first revealed his divinity to his
mother, Yashoda.
History: Gokul also has the head quarters of the followers of the 16th century saint,
Vallabhacharya.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Temples: The temples dedicated to Gokulnath, Madan Mohan and Vithalnath, said to
have been built around 1511 AD, are the three oldest temples in the place. The other
temples include Dwarika Nath Temple, Balkrishna Temple, Mor Wala Temple and the
shrines, which were built in the honour of lord Mahadeo in 1602 by Raja Vijai Singh of
Jodhpur.
Janmastami Celebrations: The celebration of the festival of Janmashtami in August is
unparalleled and is celebrated with great fervour and enthusiasm. Other such festivities
celebrated with traditional zeal include the Janmotsav in Bhadaon, the Annakut Festival
and the Trinavat Mela held on the fourth day of the dark half of kartik.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: Nearest airport is Kheria (Agra), 62 kms.
Road: Mathura is well connected by motorable roads to important tourist centres.
PLACES TO STAY
Tourist Bungalow, Gokul Gaon.
NEARBY CITIES
Mathura: 19-km
GOVARDHAN
Attractions: Goverdhan Hill, Mansi Ganga
Languages / Dialect: Hindi, Brij Bhasha
Located 25 kms west of Mathura, Govardhan lies on the State Highway to Deeg. A
famous place of Hindu pilgrimage, Goverdhan is located on a narrow sandstone hill
known as ‘Giriraj’, which is about 8 km in length.
The place is of immense importance to the devout as lord Krishna is believed to have
held the hill by the same name on the tip of his little finger in order to protect the
inhabitants of Braj, from the wrath of Indra.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Radhakund: Radhakund is a large lake, which is just 5 km north of Govardhan.
24
Govardhan Hill: It is believed that Govardhana Hill was about 16 miles (29 km) high,
5,000 years ago. The young lord Krishna is said to have held Giriraj up on the tip of a
finger for 7 days and nights to shield the people of Braj from the deluge of rain sent down
by lord Indra. A popular Vaishnavaite icon, the entire hill is circumambulated by
thousands of pilgrims every year.
Mansi Ganga: Manasi Ganga, the masonry tank is on the right, just as one enters the
town of Govardhana. It is a large lake located in the town of Govardhana, in the centre of
the Govardhana Hill. Its enclosures were built by Raja Bhagwan Das of Amer in 1637
and embellished by Raja Man Singh, who built a long flight of steps leading up, from the
end of the tank.
Royal Cenotaphs: Two impressive cenotaphs, opposite the tank commemorate Randhir
Singh and Baladev Singh, two of the Bharatpur Rajas. Towards the south is the beautiful
chhatri of Raja Surajmal of Bharatpur. Fine frescoes- illuminating the life of Surajmal,
vividly depict darbar and hunting scenes, royal processions and wars.
Harideva Temple: Close by is the famous red sandstone temple of Haridev, founded
during the reign of Akbar.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: Nearest airport is Kheria( Agra), 62 kms.
Road: Mathura is well connected by motorable roads to important tourist centres.
PLACES TO STAY
Tourist Bungalow, Radha Kund.
NEARBY CITIES
Mathura: 26-km
HARSIL
Main Sight Seeing: Wilson Cottage
Excursion: Sat-Tal, Gangotri
Languages / Dialect: Hindi, English, and Garhwali
A TRIBUTE TO NATURE: Situated amidst the incredible beauty of mountain peaks,
5,000 m high is the quiet resort of Harsil. Where flowers bloom as an expression of joy.
Where walks, picnics and treks lead one to undiscovered stretches of green, grassy land
serving as a perfect invitation to sit down, relax and enjoy the surroundings.
Sightseeing here includes the Wilson Cottage, built in 1864 and Sat Tal (seven lakes) or
one has the choice to set off on various treks that introduces one to meadows, waterfalls
and valleys.
EXCURSIONS
Sat-Tal: (2 kms.) Sat Tal, the seven lakes are situated just above Dharali, beyond Harsil.
The 7- km trek is rewarding, as this group of lakes is situated amidst beautiful natural
surroundings. It also provides a lovely camping site.
25
Gangotri: (24 kms.) The shrine of Gangotri situated at an elevation of 3200 metres above
sea level amidst captivating surroundings is 100 kms. from Uttarkashi. The temple,
constructed by the Gorkha General, Amar Singh Thapa in the 18th century, is situated on
the bank of Bhagirathi. A number of ashrams provide for accommodation facilities to the
visitors.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: Nearest airport is Jolly Grant, 244 kms.
Rail: Nearest railhead is Rishikesh, 224 kms.
Road: Well connected by a motorable road.
NEARBY CITIES
Gangotri: 24-km
Rishikesh: 224-km
GENERAL INFORMATION
Altitude: 2623m above sea level.
JAUNPUR
Location: 58 Kms From Varanasi (Uttarpradesh)
Famous For: Perfumes, Tobacco Leaves
Season: October-March
Languages: Hindi, Urdu
AN IMPORTANT MUSLIM CENTRE: Jaunpur, located in southern part of Uttar
Pradesh was founded in 14th century by Feroz Shah Tuglaq to perpetuate the memory of
his cousin Sultan Mohammad whose real name was Jauna. Later, around 1394 AD, it
became the centre of the independent Sharquie kingdom of Jaunpur founded by Malik
Sarvar.
Jaunpur was an important Muslim centre, where art and architecture found patronage.
While its architectural heritage speaks of its illustrious past, the city is known today for
its Jasmine oil, tobacco leaves, raddish and imarti, a sweetmeat.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Atala Masjid: Built in 1408 in the reign of Ibrahim Sharquie, this mosque stands at the
site of a Hindu temple, dedicated to Atala Devi. This mosque represents the earliest and
finest example of Sharquie architecture. Its most distinguishing feature is the original
treatment of the facade of its prayer-hall composed of three large ornamental archways,
the central one of which soaring to 23 mts, is gigantic.
Jami Masjid: The most impressive and the largest of the mosques, Jami Masjid was built
by Hussain Shah in 1458-78. The imposing structure, raised on a high plinth, encloses a
courtyard. At the top of the interior of the prayer hall is a lofty dome.
Lal Darwaza Masjid: The construction of this mosque, around 1450, is attributed to
Bibi Raji, the queen of Sultan Mahmud Shah.
Khalis Mukhlis Masjid: Malik Mukhlis and Khalis constructed This in 1417.
Shitla Choukiya Dham: This famous, ancient temple of Jaunpur is dedicated to Shitla
Mata.
Yamdagni Ashram: A religious centre, this ashram is closely associated with the life of
sage Parashuram. Other places of interest include Shahi Qil, Khwab-Gah, Dargah Chishti,
Pan-e-Sharif, Jahangiri Masjid, Akbari Bridge and the tombs of the Sharquie Sultans.
26
Jaunpur fort: The simple yet well maintained Jaunpur Fort overlooking river Gomati,
was built by Feroz Shah in 1360. With an old pillar, a mosque and a hammam to be seen,
Jaunpur Fort is worth visiting. There are good views from the fort's walls, especially
towards Akbari Bridge, the best view being from the fort. { Book Fort Tours }
Shahi Bridge: Constructed by Munim Khan in 1568 this picturesque old bridge spans the
Gomti river.
EXCURSIONS
Trilochan Mahadev Temple: An important temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, it is located
40 kms from Jaunpur.
Allahabad: One of the largest cities in Uttar Pradesh, Allahabad bears testimony to the
transfer of power from the East India company to the British Crown after the 1857
uprising. The Public Library, The High Court, Allahabad University, Muir College, Mayo
Memorial Hall are some structures that portray the exquisite colonial architecture
prevalent in the 19th and the early 20th century.
Varanasi: It is one of the oldest cities of India. The ghats dotted with temples, the maze
of alleys along the ghats are major attractions among the tourist.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: Babatpur Airport (Varanasi): 38 km.
Rail: Located on the Lucknow-Varanasi, Mughal Sarai section of Northern Railway.
Road: The town is easily accessible by all-season, motorable roads.
Local Transport: Taxis, Auto Rikshaws, Cycle Rickshaws.
PLACES TO STAY
Tourist Bungalow, Parade Kothi, Cantt.
Varanasi. Hotel Amber, Manik Chowk.
Manoj Lodge, Chauharsu Chauraha.
Rajendra Rest House, Olandganj.
Shri Ram Lodge, Olandganj.
Anand Rest House, Station Road.
SHOPPING
Jaunpur is famous for its oils and perfumes. The main shopping areas are Line Bazar at
Olandganj.
NEARBY CITIES
Varanasi: 58-km
GENERAL INFORMATION
Area: 11.2 sq. km.
Clothing: Summer: Cottons.
Winter: Woollens.
KALINJAR
Main Attraction: Kalinjar Fort
Best Season: Through Out The Year Except From April To June
Languages: Hindi, English, Bundeli
THE INVINCIBLE FORT: Situated at a distance of 280 km from Jhansi, this town and
the fort, which have had strategic important since the earliest of times, are located in the
27
ancient land of Jejakbhukti, which is an integral part of Bundelkhand. The fort, a
stronghold of the Chandelas from the 9th to the 15th century AD, remained an invincible
citadel, prized for its location, right uptil the time of the Mughals.
During its eventful existence, the fort was subject to numerous attacks by Mohammed
Ghazni, Qutb-Ud-Din Aibak and Humayun who invaded this stronghold of the
Chandelas. It was Akbar who finally conquered it in 1569 and bequeathed it as a gift to
Birbal, one of his “nine jewels”. From Birbal, it went to Chhatrasal, the legendary
Bundela warrior and then to Hardev Shah of Panna.
In 1812 it fell into the hands of the British. This fort with its romantic and extraordinary
history is well worth a visit. The township of Kalinjar was also once enclosed within a
high rampart wall with four gateways, only, three of which exist today. These are
popularly known as the Kamta Dwar, Panna Dwar and Rewa Dwar.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Kalinjar Fort: Situated on a high hillock in the Vindhyan Ranges, the fort was
approached through seven gates or check posts before entering the main fort area.
These splendid gateways are the Alam Darwaza or Alamgir Darwaza, Ganesh Dwar,
Chandi or Chaburji Darwaza, Budha Bhadra Darwaza, Hanuman Dwar, Lal Darwaza and
Bara Darwaza. Within the fort are the remains of two palaces, the Raja Mahal and Rani
Mahal.
Among places of interest within the main fort area are Sita Sej, a small cave containing a
stone bed pillow for use of hermits; Patal Ganga the reservoir cut in rock; Pandu-Kund,
where water truckles from horizontal rock strata’s crevices.
Bhairon-Ki-Jharia, with the colossal figure of Bhairon carved on the rock face- more
popularly known as ‘manduk Bhairav’ and Mrigdhara or ‘antelope’s spring’- a small pool
in the inner chamber of the rampart, where figures of antelopes can be seen under
trickling water.
Koti Tirth and the Budha-Budhi Taal, said to possess great healing powers, are among the
important pilgrim centers at Kalinjar.
Nilkanth Temple: It was built by Chandela ruler, Parmardideva, with the rock-cut
Swarga Rohan Kund, where, in a niche stands the colossal 18 armed, 17 feet broad and
24 feet high figure of Kaal-Bhairav, ornamented with a garland of skulls.
Vankhandeshwar Mahadev Temple:
This temple, located at the source of the Shivasari Ganga is also well worth a visit.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: Nearest airport is Khajuraho - 130 km.
Rail: The nearest railway station is Atarra- 38 km.
Road: Buses and private taxis are available for Kalinjar from Banda, Satna and
Chitrakoot.
Local Transport: Tempo, Rickshaw,Tonga.
PLACES TO STAY
There are quite a few good accommodation options available at Kalinjar, varying from
resonable deluxe room hotels to budget hotels. One can also check out the nearby cities
for luxurious options.
NEARBY CITIES
Atarra: 38 km
28
Khajuraho: 130 km
GENERAL INFORMATION
Area: 25 sq. km.
Clothing:
Summer: Cottons.
Winter: Woollens.
KALPI
Main Attraction: The Fort
Situated at a distance of about 35-km east of Orai, between Jhansi and Kanpur on the
National Highway 25, Kalpi is linked by metalled roads with Jalaun, Hamirpur and Rath.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
The fort: One of the eight great forts of the Chandelas, the Kalpi Fort finds mention in
the annals of its capture by Qutab-Ud-Din Aibak, in 1196. After this, Kalpi saw long days
of struggle for its possession. Under Akbar, Kalpi became the “gate of the west” and the
starting point for expeditions of central India.
In the 17th century, the famous Bundela chief Chhatrasal made Kalpi his stronghold.
Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi also held possession of the fort for some time. Finally it fell into
the hands of the British in 1857.
Chaurasi Gumbaz: It is built of blocks of rubble set in lime mortar. The whole building
is divided into square spaces as in a chessboard, by eight lines of pillars that are linked by
arches and topped by a flat roof. The rather dilapidated structure has a lofty dome that
rises to a height of 60 feet.
Its architectural style and stucco ornamentation clearly reveals its Lodhi origin. The
principal remains at Kalpi are the tombs of Madar Sahib, Ghafur Zanjani, Chol Bibi and
Bahadur Shahid.
EXCURSIONS
Rampura: 59 km from Jalaun, Rampura was once a small principality under the
Kachhawaha Rajputs of Jalaun and their ruler, Raja Ram Singh. The fortified palace of
Rampura, which is about 350 years old, is a massive handsome structure, well worth a
visit.
Jagmanpur: 9 kms from Rampura, Jagmanpur, once the headquarters of the Sengar
Rajput clan under Raja Rup Shah, also houses a large masonry fort. The confluence of
five rivers nearby, known as the “Panch Nada” is an added attraction for the tourists. The
two forts can be visited with due permission from the owners.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: Kanpur- 70 km is the nearest airport.
Rail: Jhansi (145 km) and Kanpur (70km) are the closest main railheads.
Road: On National Highway No. 25, Kalpi is well linked to major towns in the area.
NEARBY CITIES
Orai: 35-km
Kanpur: 70-km
29
Jhansi: 145-km
KANKHAL
Location: 5 Kms From Haridwar (Uttar Pradesh)
Significance: Important Hindu Pilgrimage
Major Attraction: Daksha Prajapati Mandir
Kankhal is a small town, located 5 kms from Haridwar. One of the ‘Punch Teerth’ (five
Pilgrimages - Ganga, Kushwart, Bilwa Teerth, Neel Parvat and Kankhal), the Mahadev
Temple and Sati Kund here are associated with the immolation of Sati, first wife of lord
Shiva. This is the place where Daksha Prajapati Mandir is situated.
THE LEGEND: Legend has it that Sati, the first wife of lord Shiva immolated herself in
the fire of the yagna that was being performed by her father, Daksha Prajapati. Daksha
did not invite Lord Shiva and hence Sati felt insulted. Therefore she burned herself in the
"yagya kund'.
This incident provoked the disciples and followers of Mahadev who killed King Daksha,
but later on Lord Mahadev brought him back to life. Daksha Mahadev temple is thus, a
tribute to this legend.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Daksha Mahadev Temple: The ancient temple of Daksha Mahadev is situated in the
south of the town of Kankhal.
Sati Kund: Sati, the first wife of lord Shiva is said to have sacrificed her life by jumping
into the sacrificial fire, in this place.
Nileshwar Mahadev Temple: This is believed to be the place where Lord Shiva was,
when the yagya being performed by the Sati’s father, Daksha, was abruptly terminated.
Kankhal is a major shopping centre of the Haridwar region.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: The nearest airport from Haridwar is Jolly Grant in Dehradun.
Rail: Haridwar is a major railway station, situated justt 5-km away from Kankhal. Being
a major pilgrimage center, Haridwar is well connected by trains to all the major towns of
India.
Road: The National Highway No - 45 crosses through the city of Haridwar, so it is
connected to other cities of the State as well as other towns in India in an efficient
manner. There are buses available from Delhi to this place. The state transport has
ordinary as well as deluxe and semi-deluxe buses on this route for long distance travel.
There are private bus avaialable too, which will take you to nearby places and some of
these private deluxe buses run on the long distance routes.
PLACES TO STAY
Kankhal is also considered an important religious place, being a neighbour to Haridwar
and pilgrims as well as tourist can get quite a resonable number of accommodations over
here. Still if you are looking for better options, there's always Haridwar where there are
numerous Dharamshalas and hotels avaialable to stay.
NEARBY CITIES
Haridwar: 5-km
KANPUR
Location: South West Of Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh)
30
Significance: The Largest City Of Uttar Pradesh.
Best Time To Visit: November-February
Main Attractions: The Kanpur Memorial Church, Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary
THE COMMERCIAL TOWN WITH HISTORICAL & RELIGIOUS
CONNOTATIONS: Located southwest of Lucknow, Kanpur is the largest city of Uttar
Pradesh. Nestled on the banks of the eternal Ganga, Kanpur stands as one of North
India’s major industrial centres with its own historical, religious and commercial
importance.
Believed to be founded by king Hindu Singh of the erstwhile state of Sachendi, Kanpur
was originally known as `Kanhpur’. Formerly known as Cawnpur, Kanpur, one of the
largest cities in India, has an area of more than 260 sq km. It is an important road and rail
hub and a major commercial and industrial centre.
Today, besides being the most industrialized region of the state, Kanpur is also an
important educational centre, with institutions like Harcourt Butler Technological
Institute, Agricultural College, Indian Institute of Technology, G.S.V.M. Medical College,
National Sugar Institute and Government Textile Institute being located here. Apart from
playing a stellar role in the development of the country as a whole, Kanpur has also been
instrumental in making an unforgettable contribution to the Indian freedom struggle. The
propagation and popularization of Hindi, the national language of India also owes much
to this city.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Jajmau: The mound of Jajmau, on the eastern end of the city occupies a high place
among ancient cities of the region. Excavations of the mound were undertaken during
1957-58, which unearthed antiquities ranging from 600 BC to 1600 AD.
Jajmau, known as Siddhapuri in ancient times, is believed to have been the kingdom of
Yayati, the Pauranic king and the high mound overhanging the Ganga is known as the site
of his fort. Today, Jajmau houses the Siddhnath and Siddha Devi temples and the
mausoleum of Makhdum Shah Ala-ul-Haq, the famous Sufi saint, built by Firoz Shah
Tughlaq in 1358. A mosque built by Kulich Khan in 1679 also stands here.
Shri Radhakrishna Temple (J.K. Temple): Beautifully constructed, J.K. temple is a
boon to the devotees. Built by J.K. Trust, this beautifully constructed temple is a unique
blend of ancient and modern architecture. Among the five shrines that the temple has, the
central one is dedicated to Shri Radhakrishna and the other are adorned with idols of Shri
Laxminarayan, Shri Ardhanarishwar, Shri Narmadeshwar and Shri Hanuman.
Jain Glass Temple: It is situated in Maheshwari Mohal behind the Kamla Tower. It is a
beautiful temple highly decorated with glass and enamel work.
The Kanpur Memorial Church (All Soul’s Cathedral): Built in Lombardic Gothic
Style, the Kanpur Memorial Church was constructed in 1875, to honour the British who
lost their lives in the war of 1857. Walter Granville, architect of the East Bengal Railway,
designed the Church. Made of bright red brick, with polychrome dressings, the interiors
of the church contain monuments to the mutiny, including several memorial tablets.
Allen Forest Zoo: The Kanpur Zoo was opened in 1971 and ranks among one of the best
zoos in the country. It is an ideal place for outdoor life and picnics in the midst of
picturesque surroundings.
Kamla Retreat: Possessed by Singhania family, this beautiful estate lies to the west of
the Agricultural College. There is a well-lit swimming pool, wherein artificial waves are
31
created. Besides parks and a canal with facilities for boating, a zoo is also maintained.
Kamla Retreat also houses a zoo and a museum, which has a good collection of historical
and archaeological artifacts.
Phool Bagh: Also known as Ganesh Udyan, this beautiful park with Ganesh Shanker
Vidyarthi Memorial in the centre, is located in the heart of the city, on the Mall Road.
Nana Rao Park: To the west of Phool Bagh is located the Nana Rao Park. It is the site of
the `Bibighar’ of 1857. The Park was renamed as Nana Rao Park after independence.
Harcourt Butler Technological Institute: The Harcourt Butler Technological Institute,
engaged in imparting technical training and industrial research was established in 1920 at
Kanpur.
Indian Institute of Technology: One of the five IIT’s, IIT Kanpur, set up in 1959,
provides education in the fields of engineering, technology, science and humanities.
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology: Established in 1957
to provide education of agriculture, animal husbandry and veterinary science for the
benefit of rural people. Among other sites worth visiting at Kanpur are the Hanuman
temple-Panki, Anandeshwar temple, Jageshwar temple, Dwarikadhish temple,
Prayagnarayan temple, Kailash temple, Buddhadevi temple, Kherepati temple, Varahidevi
temple, Bhairav temple and Tulsi Upvan (Moti Jheel).
EXCURSIONS
Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary: 43 km from Lucknow, along the Lucknow-Kanpur
Highway near Unnao, is the Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary. The sanctuary attracts rare
Siberian migratory birds during winters, the main bird species being Pintain, Pigeon,
Common teal, Shoveller, Pochard, Coot, Purple Moorhen and others.
Lucknow: Located 90 Kms. from Kanpur, Lucknow is the capital of Uttar Pradesh.
Bithoor: The quiet and beautiful township of Bithoor is situated on the Kannauj Road, 27
km from Kanpur. Situated on the banks of the Ganga, this tranquil spot is of considerable
historical and religious importance. Sita Kund, Dhruva Teela and the mosque near
Lakshman Ghat are some places worth a visit.
Bhitargaon: (59-km) Situated in Ghatampur tehsil, Bhitargaon houses a unique
architectural specimen - a brick temple belonging to the Gupta era. Dating back to 600
AD, this the very first shrine with a shikara.
Musanagar: 65 km from Kanpur, the ancient site of Musanagar with innumerable
mounds deserved mention on account of the ancient temple of Muktadevi, which is said
to have been built in Treta-Yug by Raja Bali. A large fair is held at Muktadevi temple on
occasion of Kartik Poornima. Musanagar is also a rich archaeological site and has yielded
a large number of artifacts and specimens of the post Harrapan, Shunga, Maurya and
Kushana periods.
Kannauj: (80 km) Situated on the banks of the river Ganga, Kannauj was the 7th century
capital of Emperor Harshavardhana’s empire, which encompassed the entire region
between the rivers Sutlej and Narmada and eastern Bengal. While all traces of this past
have vanished, Kannauj is famous for its manufacture of essence (ittar) used in perfumes.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: Chakeri Airport, Kanpur.
Rail: Connections to all the major stations of the country by express, super-fast and
passenger trains.
32
Road: Kanpur is connected by road with all the major cities of the country. It is situated
on National Highway No. 2 on the Delhi-Agra-Allahabad-Calcutta route and on National
Highway No. 25 on the Lucknow-Jhansi-Shivpuri route
Local Transport: Buses, Taxis, Tempos, Auto-Rickshaws.
PLACES TO STAY
Several of Kanpur's best hotels can be found in and around the Mall, while resonable
budget accommodations is concentrated near the Central Railway station, which itself has
resonable retiring rooms.
NEARBY CITIES
Allahabad: 195 km
Jhansi: 220 km
Aligarh: 277 km
Agra: 286 km
GENERAL INFORMATION
Area: 1040 Sq. km.
Population: 24,18,447 (1991 census).
Altitude: 126 metres above sea level.
Clothing Summer Winter
Cottons. Woollens.
KUSHINAGAR
Founded By: Kasaya, Kushinara
Best Season: October-April
LAND OF MAHAPARINIRVANA: Known earlier as Kushinara, now Kasaya,
Kushinagar is one of the most sacred sites for the Buddhists. It was here that Lord
Buddha is said to have attained 'Mahaparnirvana', the freedom from the endless cycle of
birth and rebirth at Kushinagar. At the time of the great event, kushinara was an
insignificant settlement, a part of the Malla Kingdom.
Kushi Nagar is an archaeological site, significant for its close proximity with the life of
Lord Buddha. So far, at least ten monasteries have been discovered. The
Mukutabandhana Stupa, which was built to hold the Buddha’s cremated remains is
considered of great sanctity. There is also a large reclining stone figure of the Buddha.
The original image was made in Mathura and brought to Kushinagar by Haribala, a monk
who lived in the time of king Kumargupta (AD 413-455). Although, the original image
was destroyed, it was restored in the last century.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Nirvana Stupa: Standing at a height of 2.74m, the Nirwana Stupa is built of bricks.
Carlyle excavated this huge stupa in 1876. A copper vessel unearthed here bears an
inscription in ancient Brahmin stating that Lord Buddha's remains had been deposited
here.
Nirvana Temple: This temple houses the 6m long statue of reclining Buddha, which was
unearthed in 1876. Carved from Chunar sandstone, the statue has an inscription below
that dates the statue to the fifth century AD.
33
Mathakuar Shrine: This shrine lies about 400 yards from the Parinirvana stupa. A black
stone image of the Buddha in the ‘bhumi sparsha mudra’ was recovered here. The last
sermon by Lord Buddha was given here.
Ramabhar Stupa: Referred to as the Mukt Bandhan Vihar in ancient Buddhist texts, this
stupa marks the site where the Lord was cremated. About 1 km away, this large stupa
rises to a height of 49 ft.
Chinese Temple: Here the special attraction is a beautiful statue of Lord Buddha.
Japanese Temple: On display here is the beautiful Ashta Dhatu (eight metals) statue of
Lord Buddha, which was brought from Japan.
Kushinagar Museum: The Buddha Museum contains finds from excavations at the site.
Timings: 10:30 am. to 4:30 PM, all days except Monday. Other places of interest include
Pawanagar (Fazilnagar) and the Sun Temple at Turkpatti.
EXCURSIONS
Gorakhpur: (51 kms) Rahul Sankratayan Museum at Gorakhpur has an excellent
collection of thank paintings and relics of the Buddha. Water Sports Complex at
Ramgarhtal Planetarium and the Gorakhnath Temple in the city are also well worth a
visit.
Lumbini: Situated in Nepal at a distance of 122 km from Gorakhpur, Lumbini is the
birthplace of Lord Buddha. Buses ply till the border, from where the remaining 26-km
has to be covered by private vehicles.
Kapilvastu: The ancient city abounds in numerous stupas.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: There is no direct air connection.
Rail: From Delhi, one has to reach Gorakhpur, by rail.
Road: Taxis and buses. Gorakhpur is a convenient base for visiting Kapilvastu (110 km),
Lumbini (108 km) and Shravasti (195 km).
Local Transport: Cycle rickshaws.
NEARBY CITIES
Gorakpur: 51-km
Lumbini: 108-km
Kapilvastu: 110-km
Shravasti: 195-km
GENERAL INFORMATION
Area: 6.00 sq. km.
Main Festival: Buddha Purnima.
Clothing:
Summer: Light Cotton.
Winter: Woolen.
LUCKNOW
Location: 79-km From Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
Significance: Capital City Of Uttar Pradesh
Best Time To Visit: September & October
34
Lucknow is caught in a time warp. It exists in an in-between land of the past and the
present looking back constantly to the memories of a colonial-Nawabi past. There is at
the same time a sense of pride at the thought of being after Delhi, the most important
center of power in free India. Politics has indeed been Lucknow's forte but culture has
been its historical identification.
Nawabi legacy: Despite the Indo-Persian legacy, Lucknow has a composite Indian
culture. The welding of various cultural strains nurtured by centuries of Mughal and later
Delhi Sultanate rule, to the folk traditions of the Indo-Gangetic plains has produced a
complex, yet rich synthesis. The Urdu language acquired its baffling phonetic nuances
and suave perfection here. It was in Nawab Wajed Ali Shah's court that the most
advanced of all classical Indian dance forms, the Kathak, took shape. The popular Parsi
theatre originated from the Urdu theatre of this city. The table and the sitar were first
heard on the streets of Lucknow.
Naming Lucknow: Lucknow-the name can be traced to the epic Ramayana. After 14
years of exile when Lord Ramchandra returned to Ayodhya, he gifted this place to his
younger brother Lakshman. Lakshman is believed to have stayed in Lakshman Teela, a
high ground near the banks of the river Gomti. Later the region was named after him;
'Lucknow' is derived from the name Lakshman. There are other stories that do the rounds:
Lucknow was named after a very influential person called 'Lakhan Ahir' who built the
fort 'Qila Lakhan'. The name 'Qila Lakhan' later became Lucknow. Some other source
says that one Lakhu Khan who was earlier a non-Muslim by name Laxman Singh has lent
his name to Lucknow.
Old City: The ravages of time have left its mark on Chowk, the oldest street of Lucknow.
But a walk through of the streets is still a memorable experience because of the series of
unfolding scenes. The rhythm of hammers beating silver into paper, the smell of flowers,
the fragrance of ittar, the fineness of chicken embroidery and the mouthwatering aroma
of roasting meat at a kabab shop. Venturing beyond the streets into the bylines you
confront a private world of courtesans' houses with their many stories and anecdotes, past
and present.
The Raj Connection: In the annals of Indian history, Lucknow forms the traditional link
between tradition and modernity, the decline of the Mughals and the rise of the British.
The timing of its rise, however, cut short Lucknow's cultural effluence. The land of
etiquette and manners, of the 'pehle alp' these received a serious jolt with the siege of the
British Residency during the great revolt in 1857. Eager for revenge, the last Nawab
Wajid Ali Shah, proved a suitable scapegoat. Awadh was annexed on the pretext of
administrative failure and the Nawab was packed off to Calcutta with a pension.
MAHAVAN
Best Season: July to November
Languages / Dialect: Hindi, Brij
35
THE GREAT FOREST: The city of Mahavan is around 11-km from Mathura, lying on
the left bank of the river Yamuna. This place is closely associated with lord Krishna’s
foster parents, Nand and Yashoda. Lord Krishna is believed to have spent his childhood
here.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Mathura Nathji Temple: The huge shrine of Mathuranathji is the most sacred and
impressive temple in Mahavan.
Chaurasi Khamba: The eighty-four pillars, the palace of Nanda is a beautiful brick and
plaster edifice, which is a amalgam of several influences, Buddhist influence being the
most prominent one. Aurangzeb rebuilt this palace as a mosque, with its pillars
resembling the Qutab Minar of Delhi.
Chathi Palana temple: This was originally the palace of Rohini, mother of Baldeo, the
elder brother of Krishna.
Other important shrines include the Shyamlaji Temple, the Yogmaya Temple, Tranairatri
Temple and the Mahamall Raiji’s Palace.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: Nearest airport is Kheria (Agra), 62-kms from Mathura.
with all the major cities and is just 11-km away from Mahavan.
Road: Mathura is well connected by motorable roads to important tourist centres and
regular buses ply between Mahavan and Mathura.
PLACES TO STAY
Mahavan is not a major cities, so leave the luxury optioin behind, but some resonable
accommodation are available in the city. For better stay options, try checking out the
hotels in Mathura.
NEARBY CITIES
Mathura: 11-km
GENERAL INFORMATION
Temperature
Summer : Max: 45 Min: 21.9
Winter : Max: 31.7 Min: 4.2
Rainfall: 65 cms (June to September).
Clothing:
Summer: Cotton and tropical.
Winter: Woollen.
MAHOBA
Main Attraction: Kakramath Temple, Sun Temple
Best season: September to February
Languages: Hindi, English, Bundeli
THE FESTIVE LAND: Mahoba is associated with the Chandela kings who ruled over
Bundelkhand between the 9th and the 12th centuries. Mahoba derives its name from
‘mahotsava’, which stands for the great celebration performed by its founder
Chandravarman, around 800 AD. In the following century, Mahoba became the Chandela
capital in preference over Khajuraho.
36
This one-time capital is now a small town comprising of three distinct areas- the old fort
lying to the north of a low granite hill, the inner fort on top of the hill, and dariba or the
betel market on the south. Apart from several picturesque lakes, there are also many
places of historical and archaeological interest.
Mahoba is famous for its granite, but more so for its fine betel leaf (paan). This is
cultivated here in the traditional manner using natural weatherproof shelters called
‘barejas’. While the town is now a centre of trade for betel leaf and stone, it bears
remnants of its glorious past and still honors its legendary heroes, Aha and Udal, whose
statues are a central landmark.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Kakramath Temple: This well-preserved granite temple dedicated to Lord Shiva is
located at the Madan Sagar. Its basic plan is similar to the temples of Khajuraho. The
Madan Temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu stands nearby.
Sun Temple at Rahila Sagar: This 9th century granite Sun Temple lies to the west of
Rahila Sagar, built by Chandela ruler, Rahila who ruled between 890 and 910 AD Though
in a ruined state today, it still stands as the finest example of early Pratihara architecture
in the area.
Manaiya Devi Temple: This is the temple of the tutelary deity of the Chandelas and
stands on the shores of Madan Sagar, near the fort. In front of the fort is a monolithic
granite pillar, 18 ft. high and 1.75 ft wide at the base. The shrine of Pir Mubarak Shah, a
Muslim saint who came from Arabia in 1252 AD stands nearby.
Vijay Sagar Pakshi Vihar: 5 km from town, this picturesque bird sanctuary has been
developed on the shores of Vijay-Sagar, which was built by Vijay Pal Chandela (1035-
1060 AD).
Lakes: Kirat Sagar, built by Kirtivarman between 1060 AD and 1100 AD, has fine
embankments with granite steps. Madan Sagar, built by Madan Verma between 1128 AD
and 1165 AD, is very picturesque. Other lakes include Kalyan Sagar, Vijay Sagar and
Rahila Sagar.
Gokhar Hill: This is the hill where Guru Gorakhnath resided with his disciples. It has
dramatic granite rock formations, with caves and waterfalls. The spot is ideal for
climbing and picnics.
Other places of interest include the Jain and Buddhist shrines, the Alha Udal Chowk,
Barichandrika Devi Temple, Ram Kurd, Suraj Kurd and Shiva Temple at Katheswar. The
Betel Research Centre at Chhattarpur Road, a branch of NBRI Lucknow, is interesting as
Betel farming can be viewed in various stages of development here.
EXCURSIONS
Khajuraho: 63 km. Site of the now world-famous temples built between 950 AD and
1050 AD by the Chandellas. Only 25 temples survive, but they are masterpieces of
architecture. Dedicated to the lord Shiva, these temples celebrated the human form and
man’s spiritual and physical aspects.
Kalinjar: 109 kms from Mahoba, kalinjar is famous for its mighty fort, which was of
great importance between the 9th and 15th centuries. Among the remains within the fort
is Rajan Aman Singh Palace, which is being converted into a museum to house the fine
and rare sculptures found at the site.
Other places of interest within the fort include the Neelkanth Temple, Sita Sej, Patal
Ganga, Pandu Kund, Koti Tirth and Bhairon Ki Kharia.
37
Chitrakoot: (127 kms). Celebrated in ballads and the scriptures for its natural beauty and
closely associated with the epic Ramayana, Chitrakoot is a hallowed centre for
pilgrimage. Lord Rama and Sita are believed to have spent their 14-year exile here. The
town is situated on the banks of the river Mandakini, the ghats of which are lined with
numerous temples.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: Nearest airport is Khajuraho 63 km.
Rail: railway lines with the rest of India connect Mahoba.
Road: Mahoba is connected by road, with all major cities.
Local Transport: Cars, Jeeps, auto-rickshaws, cycle-rickshaws, Tongas.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Area: 8.1 sq. km.
Population: 56,000 (1991 census).
Clothing: Summer: Cottons.
Winter: Woollens.
Festivals: Sawan Kajali Mela.
MEERUT
Location: 67 Kms North Of Delhi (Uttar Pradesh)
Main Attraction: Surajkund Temple
Founded By: Maya, The Father Of Mandodari
Located 67 kms north of Delhi, Meerut is said to have been founded by Maya, the father
of Mandodari. Its ancient name was Mayarastra. Lying at the junction of several roads
and rail lines, Meerut is a trade centre for agricultural products and has a considerable
amount of industry, including manufacturing, smelting, handicrafts, and the milling of
sugar, cotton, flour, and oilseeds.
The initial uprising of mutiny of 1857 broke out here. The Suraj Kund is the most
interesting Hindu temple in Meerut and there is a Moghul mausoleum here - the Shahpir.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
St. John's Church: Established in 1819 in Meerut Cantonment, this church was
completed in 1822.
Vilveshwarnath Temple: Vilveshwarnath Temple is supposed to be the oldest temple
here.
Dargah of Shah Pir: Situated near Shah Pir Gate, the Moghul mausoleum, the red stone
construction was built in 1620 A.D., by Noor Jehan.
Jami Masjid: Hasan Mehdi, a minister of Mahmood Ghaznavi, in 1019 A.D, built The
mosque.
Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary: Founded in 1986, in Meerut, Ghaziabad, Bijnore and
Jyotiba Phule Nagar, The Hastinapur Sanctuary sprawling in an area of 2073 sq. kms, is
inhabited by varied types of wild animals like the swamp deer, chital, nilgai, wolf,
leopard, hyena, gharial and wild boar.
Martyr's Memorial: The Martyr's Memorial is a tall white-stone structure located at the
Bhaisali Grounds where many freedom fighters were hung in the 1857 struggle.
38
EXCURSIONS
Sardhana: 19 kms northwest of Meerut lies the fascinating town of Sardhana with a
romantic and historically significant past, famous for the church Basilica. It was built in
1809 and raised to the status of a minor basilica in 1960. Apart from this, Begum Samru's
Palace and Anthoni Kothi are worth a visit.
Saharanpur: 178 km From Delhi is Saharanpur, famous for its Botanical Gardens,
known as the Company Bagh, which is over 150 years old.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: There is no direct air connection.
Rail: trains on the Delhi - Dehradun route, connect Meerut. Road: There is a well-
developed network of buses that connects Meerut to all the important places.
Local Transport: Taxis, cycle rickshaws, auto-rickshaws.
NEARBY CITIES
Delhi 67 km
Sardhana 19 km
Saharanpur 178 km
MATHURA - VRINDAVAN
Location: Right Bank River Alaknanda
Altitude: 3,133 mt. Above Sea Level
Dedicated To: Lord Vishnu
Built In: 8th Century A.D
He is easily the most popular person here. Every square foot of Mathura-Vrindavan is
wrapped in timeless devotion to Lord Krishna, the evergreen hero of Hinduism, the lover
of Radha, the cowherd-prince and the re-incarnation of Lord Vishnu. Mathura without
Lord Krishna is like Bethlehem without Christ. Welcome to Brajbhoomi or Krishna-land.
Brajbhoomi - The city of Mathura in Uttar Pradesh, the nucleus of Brajbhoomi, is located
at a distance of 145 km south-east of Delhi and 58 km north-west of Agra. Covering an
area of about 3,800 sq. km., today, Brajbhoomi can be divided into two distinct units - the
eastern part in the Trans-Yamuna tract with places like Gokul, Mahavan, Baldeo, Mat and
Bajna and the western side of the Yamuna covering the Mathura region that encompasses
Vrindavan, Govardhan, Kusum Sarovar, Barsana and Nandgaon. In a nutshell, the land of
Braj starts from Kotban near Hodel about 95 km from Delhi and ends at Runakuta which
is known specially for its association with the poet Surdas, an ardent Krishna devotee.
An Ancient City - An ancient city, Mathura's strategic location at the cross roads of
various trade routes - that went westwards to West Asia and the Roman Empire;
northwards, via Taxila, Pushkalavati and Purushapur to Central Asia and the Silk Route
and eastwards to China - ensured its position as a centre of trade and a meeting point for
varied cultures. By the 5th century BC, during the time of Buddha, it was a major
metropolis and the capital of the Surasena Kingdom. Mathura saw its `golden age' during
the rule of the Kushanas and the able governance of rulers Kanishka, Huvishka, and
Vasishka, when the arts flourished and economic wealth grew. It remained a centre of
power during the Mauryan period, through the enlightened rule of Emperor Ashoka (3rd
century BC) to the Gupta era (4th century AD).
Holy Land - It has often been said that it is easier to count the number of dust particles on
the surface of the earth than to count the number of holy places in Mathura. Each of the
Ghats, for instance, has its own Krishna myth. Here He rested after killing his evil and
39
tyrannical uncle, King Kansa; This is where His mother tied him after he stole butter;
This is the sacred grove where Krishna and Radha spent lazy, love-filled times - the list is
endless. In Mathura-Vrindavan, it is difficult to know the dividing line between reality
and myth.
A Divine Career - Lord Krishna was born in a prison cell in Mathura. His father Vasudev
aided by several celestial forces stole him out of Mathura, across the raging river Yamuna
and into the house of Nand in Gokul. Krishna spent his early childhood here and revealed
the first signs of his divinity. His uncle Kansa's murderous attempts forced Krishna to
leave Gokul and move to Nandgaon, a more secure home high up on a hill. From here,
the adolescent Krishna, the cowherd, would wander into the Vrindavan forests to play
with his friends and dally with Radha, his ladylove. Vrindavan, is still a transcendental
world, a place of Krishna's leela, (play), of deep eroticism and an archetypal connection
to nature. Each tree in the area speaks, as it were, of the love of the divine couple.
PLACES OF WORSHIP MATHURA – VRINDAVAN
Location: Right Bank River Alaknanda
Altitude: 3,133 mt. Above Sea Level
Dedicated To: Lord Vishnu
Built In: 8th Century A.D
TEMPLES
Dwarkadish temple - Built in 1814 in the center of the town, it is the most visited temple
in Mathura. Followers of Vallabhacharya manage this temple. Located in the eastern part
of Mathura, not far from the Yamuna River, it is architecturally interesting: the temple
carving and paintings are major attractions. The temple is a hub of activity during the
festive days of Holi, Janmashtami and Diwali.
Banke-Bihari temple - Built in 1864, it is one of Vrindavana's most popular temples and
famous all over India. Swami Haridasa discovered the Deity of Banke-bihari in
Nidhuvana. A contemporary of the six Gosvamis, Swami Haridasa known for his
devotional bhajanas, was the guru of the famous musician Tansen.
Mathura Krishna Balrama Mandir - built by the International Society for Shri Krishna
Consciousness (ISKCON), it is one of the most beautiful temples in Vrindavan. The
principal deities of this temple are Krishna, his brother Balram and Radha (Krishna's
consort.) Adjoining the temple is the samadhi of Shri Prabhupada, the founder of the
ISKCON sect, built in pure white marble. Hare Krishna devotees from all around the
world flock here, bringing a truly international flavor to this ancient holy city.
Radha Madana-Mohana temple - This famous temple was established by Srila
Sanatana Gosvami and was the first temple to be built in Vrindavan, which at that time
was just a forest. The soldiers of the fanatical Muslim Emperor, Aurangzeb, took the
original Deity of Madana-Mohana to Karauli in Rajasthan for safety during the attack on
Vrindavan
Jaipur temple - One of Vrindavan's most opulent temples, it was built by the Maharaja
of Jaipur, Sawai Madhav, in 1917 after 30 years of labour. The fine hand-carved
sandstone is of unparalleled workmanship, the huge pillars that hold up the roof are each
carved from one solid rock, and the intricately fashioned marble on the altar is
reminiscent of the Mughal period. The Maharaja financed the railway line that connects
Vrindavana with Mathura, just for the purpose of hauling the huge pieces of sandstone
40
used in the temple construction. The deities worshipped here are Sri Radha-Madhava,
Ananda-bihari and Hansa-gopala.
Radha Vallabha temple - Another very popular temple of Vrindavan which was founded
by Harivamsa Gosvami, who started the Radha Vallabha sect emphasizing devotion to
Radharani. In this temple, there is no deity of Radharani, but a crown has been placed
next to Krishna to signify her presence. The Muslims destroyed the original temple of
Radha Vallabha in 1670 and a new temple was built beside the old one.
Seva Kunja - The Seva Kunj is where Lord Krishna once performed the Raaslila with
Radha-Rani decorating her hair with flowers and her lotus feet. Radha and Krishna would
sometimes spend the night here, dancing with the gopis and enjoying transcendental
pastimes. There is also a small temple dedicated to Radha and Krishna's pastimes called
Rang Mahal.
Radha Damodara temple - This is one of the most important temples in Vrindavan. The
original deity was hand carved by Rupa Gosvami and given as a gift to his beloved
disciple, Jiva Gosvami, who later built a temple here. Formerly this spot was in the
middle of Seva-kunja and it was the bhajana ( where he sang devotional songs ) place of
Rupa Gosvami.
Radharamana temple - This is the famous temple of Gopala Bhatta Gosvami.
Radharamana means "one who gives pleasure to Radha", and is one of the many names
of Lord Krishna. The wooden sitting place (hoki) and shawl (chaddar) or Lord Chaitanya,
that He gave as a gift to Gopala Bhatta Gosvami is kept in this temple
Jugal Kisore temple - This is one of the oldest temple of Vrindavana and was completed
in 1627. After Emperor Akbar's visit to Vridavan in the year 1570, he gave permission for
four temples to be built by the Gaudya Vaisnavas, which were Madana-mohana,
Govindaji, Gopinatha and Jugal Kisore. It is sometimes called the Kesi ghata temple, as it
is located next to this ghata
Kesi Ghata - This is the place where Lord Krishna killed the Kesi demon that appeared
in the form of a gigantic horse and then took His bath in this very same ghata. This is also
very famous bathing place in Vrindavan. An arati (prayer with lamps) to Yamuna Devi is
held here every evening
Rangji temple - This South Indian style temple was built by the wealthy Seth family of
Mathura in the year 1851, and is dedicated to Lord Ranganatha or Rangaji, a form of
Lord Vishnu lying down on the Sesa Naga (celestial serpent). This temple has a
traditional South Indian gateway and is surrounded by high walls. It is one of Vrindavan's
largest temples. Once a year a grand car festival (Ratha Yatra) is held known as
Brahmotsava, during the month of Chait (March - April), a festival that lasts for 10 days.
Shahji Temple, another popular temple at Vrindavan, was designed and built in 1876 by
a wealthy jeweller, Shah Kundan Lal of Lucknow. The deities at the temple are popularly
known as the Chhote Radha Raman. Noted for its magnificent architecture and beautiful
marble sculpture, the temple has twelve spiral columns each 15 feet high. The `Basanti
Kamra' - the darbar hall is famed for its Belgian glass chandeliers and fine paintings.
Jain tirth - Nearly 30 cms. long, light - almond - colored, wooden sandals of
Jambuswamaji. Tirth is at a distance of four kilometers from Mathura. This tirth
(pilgrimage) belongs to the times of Bhagawan Suparshvanth
41
NEW TEMPLES
Among the new temples springing up along the Mathura-Vrindavan road is the Gita
Mandir which houses the Gita Stambh, a pillar with the entire Bhagavad Gita carved on
its surface. The imposing temple, built by one of the country's leading industrial families,
the Birlas, is overshadowed by the outrageous multistoried, spaceship-like edifice known
as the Pagal Baba Mandir just down the road.
MOSQUES
Jami Masjid, on a plinth raised above street level a little way north, was completed in
1661 by Aurangzeb's governor Abd-un-Nabi. It has long since lost its original vivid
glazed tiles, but remains surrounded by four minarets and assorted outer pavilions.
round 500m west, stands another of Aurangzeb's mosques, the impressive red sandstone
Katra Masjid. This was erected on the foundations of the once-famous Kesava Deo
temple, destroyed by the Moghul emperor, which had itself been built on the ruins of a
Buddhist monastery. Some traces of the Hindu temple can be seen around the back,
where the Shri Krishna Janamsthan or Janambhoomi complex now stands. Directly
behind the mosque, approached through a corridor, a shrine marks Krishna's exact
birthplace (janamsthan); its cage-like surround signifies that he was born in captivity,
when his parents were prisoners of the tyrant king Kamsa.
Inside the adjacent Bhagwat Bhavan - a modern, towering, flamboyant great hulk also
known as Gita Mandir - a garishly painted ceiling depicts scenes from Krishna's life. No
cameras are allowed into the complex, where although the shops and shrines combine to
produce a park-like atmosphere
NANDGAON
Location: 8.5 Km North Of Barsana (Uttar Pradesh)
Founded By: Nand Rai Temple
Attractions: Hindi, Brij Bhasha
Nandgaon, identified as the village of Krishna’s foster father, lies 8.5 km north of
Barsana on the metalled road to Mathura (56 km). According to local belief, it was the
home of Shri Krishna’s foster father, Nand. On the top of the hill is the spacious temple
of Nand Rai, which is worth seeing.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Nand Rai Temple: This 18th century temple of Nand, the foster father of Krishna,
dominates the smaller hill and the town of Nand Gaon. Roop Singh, a Jat ruler, built this
temple. The other temples here are dedicated to Narsingha, Gopinath, Nritya Gopal,
Girdhari, Nand Nandan, and Yasodha Nandan, which are located half way up the hill.
Pan Sarovar: A little beyond the temple of Nand is the Pan Sarovar, a large lake with
masonry ghats along its sides. According to a common belief this was the place where
Shri Krishna used to take his cows for water. Near by is the kadamb grove called Udhoji-
Ka-Kyar.
Lathmaar Holi: During the festival of Holi, an unusual ritual takes place each year. First
the menfolk of Nandgaon invade Barsana to taunt women with lewd songs and are
consequently beaten up by the women with long wooden staffs. On the next day, the
42
procedure is reversed and the men of Barsana pay courting calls to the women of
Nandgaon.
HOW TO GET THERE
with all the major cities and is 56-km from Nandgaon.
Road: Mathura is well connected by motorable roads to important tourist centres and has
regular buses plying between Mathura and Nandgaon.
Local Transport: Taxis, Tongas and Cycle rickshaws.
PLACES TO STAY
Nandgaon is like a small township, mainly famous for its religious importance and
tourists can find some nice and resonable Dharamshalas for accommodation purpose in
here.
NEARBY CITIES
Barsana: 8.5-km
Mathura: 56-km
NOIDA
Location: Adjoining East Delhi (Uttar Pradesh)
Stands For: New Okhla Industrial Development Authority
Main Attractions: Kalindi Kunj, Film City
Known As: Gautam Buddh Nagar
New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA) is one of the fastest growing
cities of Uttar Pradesh. With prime focus on commercialization and industrial
development, the city has a well-developed infrastructure for boosting up the pace of
industrial growth.
Noida, one of the most happening cities of India has provided comprehensive facilities
for residential, commercial, institutional activities with ample social infrastructure in
terms of education, health, socio-cultural and recreational facilities. The city has a Golf
Course, social & cultural clubs, health clubs and a stadium.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Kalindi Kunj: Kalindi Kunj is a beautiful spot with fountains, lighting and water rides.
You can take a round in river Yamuna in a hovercraft. Gautam Buddh Park: Earlier
known as Nandan Kanan Park, it is a large stretch of green trees, flowers, & fountains.
Golf Course: Located in sector 38, Noida has one of the best 18-holes golf courses, in an
area of approximately 40 hectares only. There are a number of water hazards on the
Course.
Yamuna River Front Park: Providing ample opportunity for river front development,
the Yamuna river front has been developed as a landscaped garden along Yamuna river
with fountains, lights, footpaths, play equipment and attractive plantations. The park is an
attraction not just for the residents of Noida but also for people of Delhi.
Film City: Just a few kilometers away from Delhi lies the famous Film City, which has
all the required infrastructure for the making of films. There are quite a few sets and
studios, which are very often hired by the famous film and theatre personalities, for the
shooting of their films. The city has many educational and professional institutions
imparting quality education.
43
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: Delhi is the nearest airport from Noida.
Rail: Delhi is the nearest railway station from Noida, and all the major rail services from
the other major towns and cities of India.
Road: Noida is well connected with all the major cities of Uttar Pradesh as well as with
the parts of Delhi. There are govt as well as private buses that ply regularly between
Delhi and Noida.
PLACES TO STAY
Noida being a major industrial city, neighboring city is coming up with some of the best
accommodation options. For a luxurious option, there's no better place to go then Delhi,
where budget travelers can also find numerous choices to stay.
NEARBY CITIES
Delhi: 10-km
PIPRAHWA
Known As: Kapilvastu
Famous As: Buddhist Site
Nearest Town: Gorakhpur
South of Lumbini, but in Uttar Pradesh, identified through recent excavations, with
Kapilavastu, the capital of the Sakya clan and the seat of Suddhodana’s capital. This is
the place where the Buddha spent his childhood grappling with the overwhelming and
puzzling problem of human existence, of suffering, disease, old age, pains and death. It
was here that he decided to renounce the sensual pleasures of life, the power of the ruler,
the convert and security of family life to take up the mendicant’s bowl in his quest for
enlightenment.
The ancient city, now in ruins, from where Buddhism started, abounds in several stupas.
Stone caskets containing relics believed to be that of Buddha, have been recovered from
the main stupa.
There is a host of evidence to prove today that Piprahwa is the Kapilvastu of Buddha's
times. The geographical conditions of Kapilvastu as described in Buddhist epics are
similar to those in Piprahwa. The 'Asthi-patra' found in 1897-98 A.D., clearly matches the
engravings in Piprahwa. The 1971 excavations in Piprahwa revealed clinching evidence
in terms of relics of the Buddha period. The discovery of an earthen pot which had
Kapilvastu engraved on it confirmed Piprahwa's ancient legacy. Some coins of the same
period were also excavated. Piprahwa lies between two important Buddhist destinations -
Lumbini (birthplace of Buddha in Nepal) and Srawasti (where Buddha spent 27
monsoons).
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: Convenient airports are Gorakpur, Varanasi and Lucknow.
Rail: Piprahwa can be reached by road from Naugarh railway station.
Road: It is 96 km from Gorakhpur via Naugarh.
SARNATH
Nearest City: Varanasi
44
Best Season: October-March
Languages: Hindi and English
CRADLE OF BUDDHISM: Situated 10 km from Varanasi is the site
where Buddha delivered his first sermon to his five disciples, preaching
the middle path for attaining 'Nirvana'. Realizing the sanctity of the site,
emperor Ashoka, in the 3rd century BC built some of the finest
monuments and legacies.
The 34-metre-high 'Dhamek' stupa stands as a remarkable structure. This
contains the remains of Lord Buddha, while the Deer Park in Sarnath is where the Lord
delivered his first sermon. The area is now graceful and pleasant, breathing the spirit of
the enlightened one, aglow with the devotion of the many followers who inhabited it
through the centuries that followed.
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
'Choukhandi' Stupa: Raised by Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1555 AD, it is believed to be
the place where Buddha met his five disciples. The majestic Ashoka pillar records visit of
emperor Ashoka to Sarnath. It was originally adorned by a capital of four lions, now
housed in the Sarnath museum. The capital became the state emblem of modern India.
The Stupas: The great Dhamekh stupa and dharmarajika stupas stand testimony to the
great Buddhist activity. The most remarkable structure at Sarnath, is the
cylindrical Dhamek stupa, 28 Mts. in diameter at the base and 43.6 Mts.
in height, built partly of stone and partly of brick. The stone facing the
lower part is adorned with delicate floral carvings of Gupta origin.
Archaeological Museum: On display here, is a magnificent statue of the
Buddha turning the wheel of law, and many other excavations that exhibit
the flowering of the Indian Plastic arts.
Mulgandha Kuti Vihara: The Tibetan Buddhist shrine, Mulgandha Kuti
Vihara, built in 1930, enshrines sacred relics from various places and a
life-size golden statue of the Buddha. Japanese artist, Kosetsu Nosu,
decorates it with brilliant frescoes. There are also a few Chinese and Jain temples A
'Bodhi' tree growing on the campus is believed to be the offspring of one under which
Buddha had attained enlightenment.
EXCURSIONS
Chunar: The northern extreme of the Kaimur hills affords an impressive view of the
invincible sandstone battlements of Chunar, which overlook a bend in the Ganges.
Vikramaditya of Ujjain is said to be its earliest occupant, way back in 56 BC Chunar
sandstone has been used for the past many centuries, most famously in the making of the
Ashokan Pillar, which was highly polished for sheen and longevity.
Jaunpur: Feroz Shah founded this dusty city 65kms northwest of Varanasi, in 1930.
River Gomti, into two sectors bisects Jaunpur. The massive Akbari Bridge is a landmark
of the region. Other attractions include Feroz Shah Fort and Atala Mosque.
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: Varanasi (Babatpur) Airport is the nearest airport. Commercial flights connect
Varanasi to Kathmandu, Delhi, Agra and Mumbai.
Rail: Varanasi railway station is well connected to important cities.
Road: It is located on the National Highway No. 29 that also connects Varanasi and
Gorakhpur.
45
Local Transport: Taxis, Auto-rickshaws, and Local Buses.
NEARBY CITIES
Varanasi: 10-km
GENERAL INFORMATION
Main Festivals: Buddha Purnima (May), Kartik Purnima (Oct-Nov).
Area: 2.80 sq. km.
Altitude: 80.71 m.
Clothing: summer: Cottons.
Winter: Woolens.
SRAVASTI
Famous As: Buddhist Site
Main Attraction: Saheth-Maheth
Excursion: Devi Patan Temple
WHERE BUDDHA SPENT 24 MONSOONS: Sravasti is located at a distance of
40kms from Bahraich, on the northeastern Railway. The town located near the Rapti
River in northeastern Uttar Pradesh is said to be have been founded by the mythological
king, Sravast.
Its modern name is Saheth-Maheth. Bifurcated into two parts, namely Saheth and
Maheth, Sravasti contains the ruins and relics of Jain and Buddhist temples, forts and
stupas.
In Buddhist times (6th century BC-6th century AD), Sravasti was the capital of the
kingdom of Kosala and was important both as a prosperous trading center and for its
religious associations. Shravasti or Sravasti is intimately associated with the life of
Buddha. Buddha is believed to have spent 24 monsoons of his life, in the city. Bhagwan
Mahavir, during his penance and later as Tirthankar, visited Sravasti many times
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
Maheth: Identified with the remains of the city, Maheth covers an area of about 400
acres. Excavations have exposed the massive gates of the city, ramparts and also the ruins
of other structures, which stand testimony to the prosperity of ancient Sravasti. The
Sobhanath Temple is located here. Pakki Kuti and Kacchi Kuti were probably Buddhist
shrines, before they were converted into brahmanical temples.
Shobhanath Temple: The `Shobhanath' temple is believed to be the birthplace of Jain
tirthankar 'Sambhavanath', making Shravasti an important center for the Jains.
Saheth: Known primarily as the site of the Jetavana monastery, Saheth covers an area of
32 acres. Lying about a quarter of a mile to the south - west of Maheth, it became an
important place of pilgrimage, adorned with numerous shrines, stupas and monasteries.
The stupas belong mostly to the Kushana period, while the temples are in the Gupta style.
Other places of interest include the Swarnagandha Kuti.
EXCURSIONS
Devi Patan Temple: 28 Km. One of the most important Shaktipeeth in the entire region,
it is revered by Hindu devotees of India and Nepal.
46
HOW TO GET THERE
Air: The nearest airport is at Lucknow (134 km).
Rail: Sravasti is 18 km from the nearest railhead, Balrampur. From
Lucknow there are train services to Balrampur.
Road: Sravasti is accessible through motorable roads from all the
neighbouring cities.
NEARBY CITIES
Balrampur: 18-km
Lucknow: 134-km
VARANASI
Location: National Highway No. 2 On Delhi-Calcutta Route (Uttar Pradesh)
Also known As: Kashi
Main Attraction: The Ghats, Benaras Hindu University
Best Season: September-March
Varanasi or Banaras is one of the oldest cities of India. This city has
found place in the Buddhist scriptures as well the epic of
Mahabharata.
In Pali language Varanasi was called Banarasi hence it got the
name 'Banaras'. Varanasi is also called 'Kashi' or the city of spiritual light. Kashi is the
place where Shiva and Parvati stood when the "time started ticking".
This ancient city of India is located on holiest river of India--Ganga. This relation is
unique and has attracted thousands of pilgrims. One theory also goes that Varanasi is
located on the land between the river Varuna and Assi hence the name Varanasi.
This town also has its place in history with many events and incidents being related with
it. From time immemorial Varanasi has been the center of education, religion, art and
culture.
For every visitor Varanasi has different experiences to offer. The shimmering red and
golden water of the Ganges when rays of dawn falls on them, the high banks, the temples,
the Ashrams, the pavilions all are an experience in themselves.
Chanting of Mantras, the hymns along with the fragrance of incense in fills the air with
mysticism which entrails every person. The refreshing dip in the Ganges with the
splashing of water along the Ghats-- in Varanasi discovery and experience takes to the
ultimate bliss.
Not only for its temples, Ghats and Ganges Banaras has produced many exponents of art,
music, literature and crafts. These people were not different from others but it was the
tradition of Banaras, which molded them in the way they came out to be.
Why only the luminaries, Varanasi has excelled in the art of silk weaving. The Banarasi
silk sarees and brocades are cherished as collector's items across the world.
As a eternal city with rich and vibrant past, it has no exquisitely carved palaces, no
impregnable fort no architectural splendor but still the city has an inherent charm of its
own.
The Ghats dotted with temples; the maze of alleys along the Ghats, what ever Varanasi
has is enough to attract the visitor again and again. The city, which did not die even after
being plundered, many times in is a true sense a fascinating area to wander around.
47
PRIME ATTRACTIONS
The Ghats of Varanasi: In this ancient city of pilgrimage, the bathing Ghats is main
attraction. People flock here in large numbers every day to take bath and worship in the
temples built beside the riverbank. Centuries old tradition to offer puja to the rising Sun is
still maintained.
The Kashi Vishwanath Temple / Gyanvapi Mosque: This temple
is dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is popularly known as the golden Temple
due the Gold plating done on its 15.5-meter high spire. One tonne of
gold donated by Maharaja Ranjit Singh has been used in the gold
plating of the spire. The temple was destroyed in the various invasions
and was rebuilt in 1776 by Rani Ahilyabai of Indore.
St. Mary's Church: Situated in the cantonment area of Benaras
(Varanasi) the St. Mary's Church has a low tower, spire and projecting poitico. Instead of
windows tile, church has louvered doors to the sides and hooded ventilation slots beneath
the cornice.
Durga Temple: Built in the 8th century, the Durga temple is one of the most important
temples in Varanasi. This temple is built in Nagara Style. The shikhara of the temple is
formed by many small spires, which are built one on top of the other.
Bharat Mata Temple: This temple is dedicated to Mother India.
Just one kilometer from the Varanasi station. The temple is built in
the Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapeeth, which was built by Babu
Shiv Prasad Gupt. Mahatma Gandhi inaugurated this temple in 1936
so that the citizens could respect Mother India in statue form. The
statute is built in marble. The statue is a replica of undivided India in
three dimension, which has the plains, and oceans in right proportion.
Tulsi Manas Temple: This temple is dedicated to Lord Rama. The
temple is built in the place where Goswami Tulsidas composed the epic
'Ramacharitramanas' which provides us with detailed description of the
history and deeds of Lord Rama. A philanthropist family constructed
Tulsi Manas Temple in 1964.
Nepali Temple: The King of Nepal had built this temple on Lalita ghat in Nepali style.
The Nepali temple is also called the 'Kathwala temple'. The temple has some magnificent
woodwork. Tourist from all over the world comes just to see this temple which has no
comparison with any other temple in India.
The workers who carved this temple out were brought from Nepal. The wood used in the
temple is also found in Nepal. The specialty of this wood is that termites do not eat this
wood.
Ram Nagar Drug: 2 kms from the Kashi Hindu university, across the Ganges is located
the ancestral house in the fort which was built by the former rulers of Kashi. In one of the
sections of the fort is the museum, which displays the royalty, which was once part of the
kingdom.
This museum gives an insight into the grandeur, which once prevailed, in the fort. On the
Ramnagar Pandav road is a beautiful Durga temple. This temple has very delicate and
intricate carving done on stone. These carvings are worth giving a look.
Bharat Kala Museum: The Kashi Hindu university has a museum, which has a very rich
collection of precious and rare historical artifacts, statues, pictures, paintings and
48
manuscripts. This small but very well maintained museum gives an over view of the
ancient city of Varanasi. Entry in the museum is free but check out
the timings.
Nandeshwar Kothi: Nandeshwari Kothi, designed by James Princes
is a typical building of the early 19th century in Benaras.
Benaras Hindu University: This is the largest and oldest university
in north India. Spread over an area of 2,000 acres, this great place of
education was established by Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya. Today the campus has
faculties of Arts, Science, Music, Sanskrit, Languages, Engineering, Statistics and
Medical to name a few of them.
The university also has the huge Vishwanath temple, which was built and maintained by
the Birla family. The Sunderlal Medical center has all the modern facilities of medical
field is also located in the university campus.
Jantar Mantar: The ruler of Jaisingh built an observatory in Varanasi in line with those
built in Delhi, Mathura, Ujjain and Jaipur observatories. The
Varanasi observatory has all the instruments, which were
required to record the motion, speed and properties of various stars
and planets and other cosmic objects. The observatory was built in
1600 and still the instruments give the exact measurements, which
can match any modern instrument.
EXCURSIONS
Sarnath: About ten kms from Varanasi, is the place where lord
Buddha after enlightenment gave his first sermon or as the Buddhist say set the wheel of
dharma or law rolling. Today Sarnath is considered as one of the richest place to have
antiques since the Ashoka period to the 12th century. Suggested reading on the Buddhist
places in Uttar Pradesh.
Chunar: Chunargarh of 'Chandrakanta', the classic novel by Babu Devakinandan Khatri
is 40 kms from the city of Varanasi. Today the place is known as Chunar. Along one of
the meanders of Ganges, where the Kaimur Hills are taking a North face, are built the
imposing fort of Chunar.
Jaunpur: In 1360 Feroz Shah built this town to guard the eastern
side of his Delhi sultanate. Jaunpur is located 65 kms from
Varanasi. The river Gomti and the two sides are connected by the
massive Akbari Bridge bisects Jaunpur. This bridge was designed
by an Afghan and was built in the 16th century. The fifteen stone
arches of the bridge have withstood earthquakes and floods. On the southern end of the
bridge are the sculptures of a lion tussling with an elephant. This marked the provincial
milestone. Other places to visit in Jaunpur are Sheetla Chowkia Dham, Yamdagni
Ashram, Atla Mosque and Char Anguli ki Masjid.
Kaushambi: The mention of this town can be seen in the Mahabharata. It is said that the
Pandav brothers lived here. Buddha visited this place many times and the gave sermons
after his enlightenment in 6th and 9th century. Kaushambi developed as a major center
for Buddhism. The ruins of an old fort tell the saga of the towns antiquity. Kaushambi is
185 kms from Varanasi.
Vindhyachal: There are many Shaktipeeths in India. These are the places where the
Goddess of power is said to be residing and people worship her viz- Goddess Durga.
49
Vindhyachal is one of such peeths or abode of Shakti. The place is 90 kms from Varanasi.
The temples of Vindhyavasini Devi, Asthbhuja and Kalikhoh are a must visit here.
Kaimoor Wildlife Sanctuary: Kaimoor sanctuary, located on the Uttar Pradesh - Bihar
border, is spread over an area of 500 sq. kms.
Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary: Established in 1997,Chandra Prabha Sanctuary, a
small sanctuary sprawling over an area of 78 sq. kms, is located on Naugarh and
Vijaigarh hillocks in Vindhya forest range, in Chandauli district.
HOW TO GET THERE
Varanasi has its own airport, which is 22 Kms from the city. The Babatpur airport
connects Varanasi with all the major cities in India and recently there has been a proposal
to initiate UP Air, which will connect the city with other places in the state. Varanasi has
the Cant railway station as its main station. This is a major railway junction and connects
the city with major places in India.
The nearby Mughal Sarai railway Junction is one of the major railway junction in the
region with almost all the trains from the East, North East and some trains for South and
Western region crossing the station. Varanasi is on the national highway number 2 from
Calcutta to Delhi.
Thus, the place is well connected by roads to all the corners of the nation. Varanasi
provides some good market for many items. People come here for the temples in big
number and major inflow of visitors is handled by the bus services from Varanasi to other
places in state and outside it.
PLACES TO STAY
Most of the Varanasi City is well equipped with the most exclusive and sophisticated
hotel accommodation. There are tourist lodges, mid-range and Dharamshalas also
available at reasonable prices.
Click here for Hotels in Varanasi
FAIRS & FESTIVALS
Ganga Festival: A festive experiences like none other awaits you at Ganga Festival at
Varanasi.
Kartik Purnima: Celebrated in the month of November-December is the sacred day,
when the Ghats of Varanasi come alive with thousands of brightly-lit earthen lamps.
Buddha Purnima: This festival is celebrated with pomp and gaiety
in Sarnath. This day Lord Buddha was born. A large fair is held in
Sarnath and the relics of Buddha are taken out in a procession for
public viewing on this day. Buddha Purnima is celebrated during the
month of May.
Bharat Milap: Around Dussehra a fair is held in Nati Imli which
celebrates the return of Lord Rama from 14 years of exile. His
reunion with his younger brother Bharat is celebrated as Bharat milap. The king of Kashi
in royal flavor attends this festival. The festival is attended by at least a million devotees.
Held in the month of October / November.
The Ramlila: The Ramlila of Ramagar is famous far and wide. The Ramlila is based on
the Ramcharitramanas by Tulsidas. The month ling festival is usually held during
October / November and it sees the performance of many ancient rituals.
Nakkatyya: This festival again is based on the Ramayana. The episode in the epic where
the sister of Ravana tries to influence Lakshmana to marry her but instead Lakshman
50
chops off her nose. On hearing this Ravana vows revenge against the brothers. This
incidence in the epic is one of the reasons why Ravana abducted Sita. The festival is held
in Chetganj with much fan fair.
Hanumat Jayanti: This festival is celebrated to mark the birth of the monkey God
Hanuman. The five day long festivities are held at the Sankat Mochan temple. During this
festival many plays are staged based on the Saraswati, Ram, Krishnalila and Hanuman
Charitra.
Mahashivratri: Though Mahashivratri is celebrated throughout India, Varanasi has some
special charm in the celebration the festival. During the festival a procession is taken out
from the Maha-Mritunjaya temple to Kashi Viswanath Temple.
The Dhrupad Mela: In the month of March a five day long music festival is organized
on the Tulsi Ghats. During the five days renowned artists from all over the country
perform Dhrupad here. This festival is one of the major tourist attraction of Varanasi.
Panch Koshi Parikrama: The procession has got the name because it passes through
five places. These five places are Kardmeshwar, Bhimchandi, Rameshwar, Shivpur and
Kapildhara. The parikrama has special importance in the ancient parikramas of India. The
procession starts and ends at Manikarnika Ghat.
SHOPPING
Varanasi or Banaras, since ages has been famous for the handicraft items. The delicate
and intricate work on the sarees, carpets, wooden works are unmatched. The famous
Banarasi Silk Sarees and Brocades are every women's dream.
The local silk weavers produce the silk, which are in demand not only in India but across
the world these silk items are in great demand. The Bhadohi carpets can match the
delicacy of weaving in any part of the world. Banaras has been famous for the 'Gharanas'
in the Classical Music and singing. These styles of singing and music have been amply
supported by the musical instruments, which are manufactured in Varanasi.
Apart from the Silk Sarees, Brocades and Carpets Banaras also offers you Brassware,
copperware, Ivoryware, stone inlay work, Glass beads and bangles, wood and clay toys,
Zari work and exquisite gold jewelry. The main shopping areas of the city are the City
chowk, Godoulia, Vishwanath lane, Gyan Vapi, Thatheri Bazaar, Dasashvamedh, Goldhar
and Lahurabir. The Emporia and Souvenir shops approved by the UP tourism are good
place to look for genuine and good stuff too purchases.
CLIMATE
Varanasi has a extreme type of climate. Located besides the Ganges Varanasi can be
difficult place to visit during the summers. Summers are very hot and temperatures shoot
upto 46 degrees and winter can be cold with mercury dipping down to 5 degrees. This
place can be a really bad during the rainy seasons and is advisable not to visit Varanasi
during monsoons. The best season to visit Varanasi during September to March.
NEARBY CITIES
Jaunpur: 58 kms.
Allahabad: 128 kms.
Lucknow: 380 kms.
Patna: 249 kms.
51
Gorakhpur: 230 kms.
Bodhgaya: 234 kms.
Kushinagar: 275 kms.
Chukar: 45 kms.
GENERAL INFORMATION
POPULATION: About 14 lakh People reside in this city.
MAIN LANGUAGES: Hindi & English
A WORD OF CAUTION: To all tourist - beware of touts, if, new to the place. On the
Ghats there are many posing as 'Pundits', these people try to extract money from the
devotees who come on the banks to perform religious ceremonies. While going around
the city it is better to fix the fare in the rickshaw and auto before hand as these small
vehicles are without fare meters. The drivers have a tendency to overcharge and take the
commuter for a ride so it is advisable that get prior information and the route before
hiring any vehicle.
In Varanasi there is a trend is that the agents come in between the buyers and sellers of
handicraft items. Do not fall in the traps of these agents. In the temple incidents of
snatching and pickpocketing have been common. Keep your valuables in the hotel. While
visiting the Kashi Viswanath temple / mosque make sure that you are not carrying any
arms or ammunitions as the security arrangements in this place is very strict.
52

Rajasthan

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Rajasthan

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

UTTAR PRADESH

You might also like