1.

The Internet : How Search Works

The first thing you need to know is when you do a search, the search engine isn't
actually going out to the World Wide Web to run your search in real time. And that's because
there's over a billion websites on the internet and hundreds more are being created every single
minute. So to make your search faster, search engines are constantly scanning the web in
advance to record the information that might help with your search later.
Here's how it works. The internet is a web of pages connected to each other by
hyperlinks. Search engines are constantly running a program called a Spider that cross through
these web pages to collect information about them. Each time it finds a hyperlink, it follows it
until it has visited every page it can find on the entire internet. For each page the spider visits, it
records any information it might need for a search by adding it to a special database called a
search index.
Now, let's go back to that search from earlier and see if we can figure out how the
search engine came up with the results. When you ask how long does it take to travel to Mars,
the search engine looks in each of those words in the search index to immediately get a list of all
the pages on the internet containing those words. But just looking for these search terms could
return millions of pages, so the search engine needs to be able to determine the best matches
to show you first. This is where it gets tricky because the search engine may need to guess what
you're looking for.
Each search engine uses its own algorithm to rank the pages based on what it thinks you
want. The search engine's ranking algorithm might check if your search term shows up in the
page title, it might check if all of the words show up next to each other, or any number of other
calculations that help it better determine which pages you'll want to see and which you won't.
Google invented the most famous algorithm for choosing the most relevant results for a search
by taking into account how many other Web pages linked to a given page. The idea is that if lots
of websites think that a web page is interesting, then it's probably the one you're looking for.
This algorithm is called page rank, not because it ranks web pages, but because it was named
after its inventor, Larry Page, who's one of the founders of Google.
Because a website often makes money when you visit it, spammers are constantly trying
to find ways to game the search algorithm so that their pages are listed higher in the results.
Search engines regularly update their algorithms to prevent fake or untrustworthy sites from
reaching the top. Ultimately, it's up to you to keep an eye out for these pages that are
untrustworthy by looking at the web address and making sure it's a reliable source.
Search programs are always evolving to improve the algorithms wo they return better
results, faster results than their competitors. Today's search engines even use information that
you haven't explicitly provided to help you narrow down your search. So, for example, if you did
a search for dog parks, many search engines would give you results for all the dog parks nearby,
even though you didn't type in your location.
Modern search engines also understand more than just the words on a page, but what
they actually mean in order to find the best one that matches what you're looking for. For
example, if you search for fast pitcher, it will know you're looking for an athlete. But if you
search for large pitcher, it will find you options for your kitchen.
 To understand the words better, we use something called machine learning, a type of
artificial intelligence. It enables search algorithms to search out not just individual letters or
words in the page, but understand the underlying meaning of the words.
The internet is growing exponentially, but if the teams that design search engines do our jobs
right, the information you want should always be just a few keystrokes away. Subtitles by the
Amara.org community.

2. Cloud Computing Basics Services Models : IaaS PaaS SaaSS Explained

What is cloud computing? Cloud computing is a paradigm that allow on-demand
network access to shared computing resources, a model for managing, storing and processing
data online via the Internet. Some cloud computing characteristics include; On-demand service:
You use it when you need it. Network access: Using Internet as a medium. Shared resources:
Resources are pulled together and used by multiple clients. Scalability: Allows elasticity of
resources.
Three delivery models of cloud computing: SaaS, PaaS and IaaS. Cloud computing offers
different services based on three delivery models. When arranged in a pyramid form. They
follow the order of SaaS, PaaS and IaaS.
What is SaaS? SaaS or software as a service. It is a service that offers on-demand pay per
use of application software to users. Unlike licensed bought programs. This service is platform
independent and you don't need to install the software on your PC. Example product and
services of SaaS. Popular SaaS providers offer the following products and services. The Google
ecosystem such as Gmail, Google Docs and Google Drive. Microsoft Office 365, HR and helpdesk
solutions and customer relationship management services such as Salesforce. Pros: Universally
accessible from any platform. No need to commute you can work from any place. Excellent for
collaborative working. Vendor provides modest software tools. Allows for multi-tenancy. Cons:
Portability and browser issues. Internet performance may dictate overall performance.
Compliance restrictions.
What is PaaS? PaaS or platform-as-a-service. This service is mainly a development
environment and is made up of a programming language execution environment, an operating
system a web server and a database. Who uses PaaS? This is a domain for developers. Example
products and services of PaaS. Cloud providers have the following as the PaaS products and
services: Amazon Web Services elastic Beanstalk, Google App Engine, Windows Azure, Heroku
and force.com Pros: Cost-effective rapid development. it's scalable. Faster market for
developers. Easy deployment of web applications. Private or public deployment is possible.
Cons: Developers are limited to providers languages and tools. Migration issues such as the risk
of vendor lock-in.
What is IaaS? IaaS or infrastructure-as-a-service this service offers the computing
architecture and infrastructure that is it offers all computing resources but in a virtual
environment so that multiple users can access them. These resources include data storage,
virtualization, servers and networking. Most vendors are responsible for managing the above for
resources. Who use IaaS? IaaS is mainly for SysAdmin. Example products and services of IaaS
they include Amazon EC2, GoGrrid and Rackspace.com Pros: The cloud provides the
infrastructure. Enhanced scalability dynamic workloads are supported. IaaS is flexible. Cons:
Security issues. Network and service delays.
Examples of companies that use cloud computing. Amazon's AWS or Amazon Web
Services. When it comes to companies using cloud computing, AWS takes the lead. This cloud
computing company offers IaaS and PaaS services to its customers. it's popular for its Elastic
Compute cloud EC2. Among other services such as elastic beanstalk, Simple Storage Service (S3)
and relational database service or RDS. Apart from the complete suite of cloud computing. It
offers other cloud related services including internet of things (IOT), cloud security and mobile
services.
iCloud: This cloud from Apple is majorly for Apple products and allows you to backup
and store all your multimedia and other documents online. This content is then seamlessly
integrated onto all your devices or apps. In case you access it from them.
Microsoft Azure: This cloud is used and offered by Microsoft. It offers IaaS, PaaS and
SaaS for its enterprise software and developer tools. If you have ever used Office 365 products,
then you have used SaaS. Google Cloud: The Google cloud platform is a universal cloud for
Google's vast ecosystem and also for other products such as Microsoft Office it allows
collaboration, storage of data and also other services offered by its cloud computing suite.
IBM SmartCloud: Using Private, Public and Hybrid deployment models IBM SmartCloud
provides a full range of IaaS, Paas and SaaS cloud computing services to businesses. Using pay-
as-you-go model, this cloud generates revenue for IBM.

Hello, Good morning ladies and gentleman!!! Let me introduce myself first, my name is
Gina Nabila. I will talk about Cloud Computing. My presentation will take about 2 minutes. So,
let’s start right now.
Do you know, What is cloud computing mean? Yaa that is right. Basically cloud
computing is a paradigm that allow on demand network access to shared computing resources,
model for managing, storing, and processing data online via the internet.
Cloud computing have 3 basic services models, there aer SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. The first,
What is SaaS? Software as a Service is a service that demand pay per use applications sotware
for users. You can see the pros, contrass, and also the examples of those models on the screen.
So i will continue to the next model, that is PaaS. Platform as a service mainly a development
environtment, an operating system of web server and databse that used by developer. And last
but not least is IaaS or Infrastructure as a Service offering all computing resources but in virtual
environtment. So that multiple users can access them. This model is used by admin system.
So I think that’s enough from me. Thank you for your attention. And Have a nice day!!