AC or DC ELECTRICAL MANUAL

AC/DC ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS MANUAL
This helps will help you gain a basic understanding of electricity, various electrical
components, and electrical circuits.
OBJECTIVES
● Understand the difference between voltage and current.

● Understand basic electrical circuits.
● Use digital and analog measuring instruments.
● Understand circuit analysis for both series and parallel circuits.
● Understand troubleshooting and the effect of capacitance in a circuit.
● Interpret and create combination circuits.
● Understand transformers and their applications.
Basic safety rules while working around electricity rules
● Avoid touching bare wires or component leads when the

power is on.
● Make sure the power is off before installing, removing, or
replacing components in a circuit.
EXERCISES
FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICITY
1. Use an AC tester to check a wall outlet for electricity.

Locate the wall outlet.
Insert one test lead into the left slot and the other into the right slot.
Observe if the indicator light is on.
Indicator light status _________________________________________ (on/off)
2. Test the continuity of wires using a DMM.

Make sure the main power switch is at 0FF position.
Place the AC-DC selector switch in the DC position.
Ensure no wires are connected to the power supply’s output terminals.
Switch on the main power and place the selector switch in the AC position and test
the AC power output using the DMM.
Place the Selector switch at the DC position and measure the DC power output using
the DMM.
CONNECT AND OPERATE A CIRCUIT USING THE THREE TYPES OF MANUAL

SWITCHES.
1. Perform the following sub-steps to prepare the power supply

2. Connect the circuit shown below
A. Make sure the main power switch is in the OFF position.
B. Place the AC-DC selector switch in the DC position.
C. Ensure no wires are connected to the power supply’s output terminals.
3. Connect the circuit shown below.
Make sure the knife position is as shown.
Figure 1. A circuit with a knife switch and a lamp
Figure 2. How to connect the wires to the terminals

4. Perform the following sub-steps to operate the circuit.
A. Turn on the main power switch.
B. Close the knife switch and observe the lamp’s status.
Lamp status ________________________________________ (On/Off).
The lamp should be on.
C. Open the knife switch and observe the lamp’s status.
Lamp status _________________________________________ (On/Off)
The lamp should be off.
D. Repeat closing and switching to familiarize yourself with the operation.
5. Now close the knife switch in the other direction and observe the status of the
lamp
Lamp status _________________________________________ (On/Off)
6. Turn off the main power supply switch
7. Disconnect all the wires from the components and the power supply terminals.
8. Connect the circuit represented by the schematic diagram below.
Figure 3. A schematic diagram and pictorial of a circuit with a pushbutton switch

and a lamp.
A. Turn on the main power switch.
B. Press and hold the pushbutton switch and observe the lamp.
C. Release the pushbutton and observe the lamp
D. Repeat pressing and releasing to familiarize yourself with its operation.
The lamp should be off.
10. Turn off the main power supply switch
11. Disconnect all the wires from the components and the power supply terminals.
12. Connect the circuit represented by the schematic diagram below.
Figure 3. A schematic diagram and pictorial of a circuit with a pushbutton switch
and a lamp.
13. Perform the following sub-steps to operate the circuit
A. Make sure the selector switch knop is rotated to the left and turn on the
main power switch.
B. Rotate the selector switch to the right and observe the lamp.
C. Rotate the selector switch in the other direction and observe the lamp.
D. Repeat energizing and de-energizing the selector switch to familiarise
yourself with its operation.
CONNECT AND OPERATE AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT WITH A RESISTOR.
1. Perform the following sub-steps to connect the power supply

A. Make sure the main power switch is OFF.
C. Make sure there are no wires connected to the power supply terminals.
2. Connect the circuit shown in the schematic below.
Figure4. A schematic diagram or pictorial of a circuit with a selector switch and a
resistor.
3. Perform the following sub-steps to operate the circuit
A. Turn on the main power supply.
B. Face the operator of the sector switch and make sure it is turned to the left-
hand position. This position will put the contacts in their normal state
(open)
C. Change the position of the selector switch knob to the right-hand position.
This will cause the contacts to close.
D. Put your hand close to the resistor body.
Resistor status ______________________________________ (Hot/cool)
Should be hot since when electrical current passes through a resistor, there
is heat emitted.
E. Return the selector switch to the left-hand position and wait about 30
seconds and check the resistor again.
Resistor status ______________________________________ (Hot/cool)
Should be cool.
F. Repeat energizing the selector switch and feeling the resistor body to
familiarize yourself with the operation.
4. Perform the following sub-steps to turn off the power supply.
A. Turn off the main supply switch.
B. Disconnect any wires or components that may be connected to the power
supply output terminals and store them.
CONNECT AND OPERATE AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT WITH A BUZZER.

C. Make sure there are no wires connected to the power supply terminals
2. Connect the circuit in the schematic circuit below.

A. Turn on the power supply switch.
B. Press and hold the pushbutton switch and listen
Buzzer status ____________________________ (sounding/ not sounding)
Should sound.
C. Release the pushbutton switch and listen.
Buzzer status ____________________________ (sounding/ not sounding)
Should not sound.
D. Repeat pressing and releasing the pushbutton to few more times
4. Perform the following sub-steps to turn off the power supply
supply output terminals and store them.
CONNECT AND OPERATE AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT WITH A SOLENOID.

2. Connect the circuit shown in the schematic below
Figure 5. A schematic and pictorial of a circuit with a pushbutton switch and
solenoid.
A. Turn on the power supply switch.
B. Insert the armature of the solenoid barely into the solenoid.
C. Press and hold the pushbutton switch and observe the armature.
Armature status _______________________________________ (in/out)
Should be pulled inside the solenoid or retracted
D. Release the pushbutton switch and pull out the armature.

E. Repeat steps C and D a few more times
supply output terminals and store them
CONNECT AND OPERATE AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT WITH A MOTOR.

2. Connect the circuit shown in the schematic below
Figure 6. A schematic diagram and pictorial of a circuit with a selector switch and
a motor.
A. Make sure the selector knob is to the left and turn on the main power
switch.
B. Rotate the selector switch in the circuit and observe the fan.
Fan status ________________________________ (Blowing/Not blowing)
The fan should be blowing.
C. Rotate the switch back to the left and observe the fan.
Fan status ________________________________ (Blowing/Not blowing)
The fan should be not blowing.
D. Repeat Energizing and releasing the selector switch a few more times to
familiarize yourself with the operation.
supply output terminals and store them
USE DMM TO MEASURE THE VOLTAGE DROPS, CURRENT, AND

RESISTANCE IN SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS.
1. Connect the series circuit as shown below.

Figure 7. Series test circuit
2. Perform the following sub-steps to turn on the power supply.
A. Place the AC/DC selector switch in the DC position.
B. Turn on the power supply
3. Set the DMM to the highest DC voltage setting.
4. Place the test leads across resistor R1, as shown in the figure below. Make sure the
red test lead from the DMM is at the + terminal of the power supply.
R1 measured voltage = ___________________________________________ (VDC)
It should be approximately 2 VDC.
Figure 8. Measuring voltage dropped across a resistor.

5. Set the DMM to measure resistance.
6. Measure the resistance across load 1 (R1)
Resistance load 1 = ______________________________________________ (ohms)
It should be similar to the resistor rating.
7. Repeat step 4 for resistors R2 and R3
The voltage across R2 and R3 should be the same, approximately 5VDC.
8. Set DMM to Dc voltage and measure the voltage reference to the ground at the two
points before and after resistor R1. These points are labelled A and B in the figure
below.
Point A voltage before (R1) = ______________________________________ (VDC)
Point B voltage after (R1) = _______________________________________ (VDC)
Figure 9. Measurement of point Voltage referenced to ground

9. Repeat sub-step 8 for R2
Point B voltage before (R2) = ______________________________________ (VDC)
Point C voltage after (R2) = _______________________________________ (VDC)
10. Repeat sub-step 8 for R3
Point C voltage before (R3) = ______________________________________ (VDC)
Point D voltage after (R3) = _______________________________________ (VDC)
11. Now set DMM to Ohms and measure the total resistance of the circuit as shown
below.
Figure 10. Measuring total resistance.
Measured total resistance = ________________________________________ (ohms)
Measure resistance should be higher (total) than each of the three individual
resistances.
12. Disconnect the circuit.
13. Connect the circuit in parallel as shown below
Figure 11. Parallel circuit.

14. Prepare the DMM to measure DC volts.
15. Measure the voltage drop across each branch across the terminals of each component.
You can do this by measuring the voltage across the terminals of each component. For
example, the voltage drop across branch 1 s the voltage drop across resistor R1 is
shown in the figure below.
Branch 1 voltage drop (R1) = _____________________________________ (VDC)
Figure 12. Measurement of branch 1 voltage drop.
16. Turn off the power supply.
17. Now switch the power supply to AC.
18. Turn on the power supply.
19. Set the DMM to measure AC volts and repeat step 15.
The voltage should be approximately 12 VAC. Again, AC and DC voltages act the
same in parallel resistance circuit.
20. Perform the following sub-steps to measure the resistance of each branch of the
parallel circuit in figure below.
Figure 13. Measurement of resistance in a parallel circuit.

A. Disconnect the wire leading from the negative terminal of the power supply to
R1 as shown above.
B. Measure the resistance across R1, as shown above
R1 = ____________________________________________________ (ohms)
The resistance of R1, which is the resistance of branch 1 is approximately 10
ohms
C. Reconnect the wire from R1 to the ground terminal.
D. Repeat sub-steps A-C to measure the resistance in branch 2 (R2)
R32= ____________________________________________________ (ohms)
ohms
E. Repeat sub-steps A-C to measure the resistance in branch 3 (R3)
R3 = ____________________________________________________ (ohms)
ohms.
21. Measure total resistance across the entire circuit as shown below.
Figure 14. Total resistance measurement parallel circuit.

RT = ________________________________________________________ (Ohms)
Total resistance of the three loads in parallel should be approximately 5.6 ohms. This
value is lower than the lowest resistance branch of the circuit.
22. Disconnect R3 from the circuit
23. Measure the total resistance of the circuit across R1 and R2 as shown in the figure
below.
Figure 15. Total resistance measured with R3 removed
RT = ________________________________________________________ (Ohms)
The total resistance should now be 7.14 ohms. Higher than with the three resistors in
parallel but still lower than lowest individual resistance 10 ohms.
24. Disconnect the circuit and store all components.
25. Turn off DMM and remove the test leads.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS
Figure16. Test circuit with one load.

2. Place the AC/DC selector switch on T7017 in the DC position.
3. Turn on the power supply and observe the lamp.
Lamp status _________________________________________________ (on/off)
The lamp should be on because the circuit is complete. It should also be burning
brightly because it is using all the voltage available since there are no other loads in
the circuit
4. Turn off the power.
5. Add another lamp to the circuit in series as shown below.
Figure17. Test circuit with two loads

6. Turn on the power and observe the lamps.
Lamp 1 status ________________________________________________ (on/off)
Both lamps should be on, but the lamps should not be as bright as when there was one
lamp. This is because the available voltage is being split between the two lamps.
7. Turn off the power.
8. Add another lamp as shown below
Figure18. Test circuit with three loads

9. Turn on the lamps and observe the lamps.
All lamps should be on but dimmer than with two lamps since the available voltage is split
between three lamps.
11. Remove the centre lamp from its socket.
12. Turn on the Power supply
The lamps should be off since the current path has been broken.
13. Turn off the power supply and disconnect the circuit.
14. Now connect the lamps in parallel as shown below.
Figure19. Test circuit with loads in parallel

15. Turn on the power supply and observe the status of the lamps.
All three lamps should be on at the same brightness since each lamp is getting the
same amount of voltage, 24V, the same as the source voltage.
17. Remove one lamp at random.
18. Turn on the power supply and observe the status of the lamps.
20. Remove two lamps from the circuit.
OPERATE A CIRCUIT USING A CIRCUIT BREAKER

1. Connect the circuit shown below
Figure 20. A circuit with a circuit breaker.

A. Place the AC_DC selector switch DC position.
B. Turn on the power supply.
C. Energize (close) the knife switch and leave it closed.
Wait for about 30 seconds to see if the circuit breaker “trips” off.
Circuit breaker status ______________________________ (tripped/ not
tripped)
The circuit breaker shouldn’t trip since the 25-ohm resistor only draws a
current of 0.96A which is below the 1A of the circuit breaker rating.
D. Open the knife switch.
4. Replace the 25-ohm resistor with a 10-ohm resistor.
5. Repeat step 2 AND OBSERVE THE CIRCUIT BREAKER’S OPERATION.
Circuit breaker status ______________________________ (tripped/ not tripped)
The circuit breaker should trip immediately since the current is 2.4 amps which is
twice the circuit breaker rating.
6. Turn off the power supply and open the knife switch. Leave the circuit breaker
tripped.
7. Prepare the DMM to measure continuity using the continuity function.
8. Test the circuit breaker for continuity by measuring across its terminals.
You should not hear a beep since there is no continuity since the breaker is
tripped.
9. Replace the 10-ohm resistor with a 25-ohm resistor.
10. Reset the circuit breaker by pushing the lever up into the ON position.
11. Retest the circuit breaker for continuity.
You should now find that there is continuity, which means that the circuit breaker
isn’t tripped.
12. Turn on the power supply.
13. Energize (close) the knife switch and leave it closed.
14. Open the knife switch.
Wait to see if the circuit breaker “trips” off.
The circuit breaker shouldn’t trip since the current is below the circuit breaker
rating.
15. Perform the following sub-steps to turn off and secure the power supply.
A. Turn off the power supply.
B. Unplug the power cord from the wall outlet.
C. Disconnect any wires that may be connected to te power supply output
terminals.
16. Turn off the DMM, remove the test leads, and store them.
TEST AN ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
1. Remove the armature from the solenoid and connect the circuit shown below.
2. Hold the compass 12 to 16 inches above the trainer’s work surface. The compass
needle will align itself with the earth’s magnetic field.
3. While looking down through the compass above, rotate the solenoid module until its
axis is perpendicular to the compass needle as shown below.
4. Place the AC/DC selector switch in the DC position.
5. Turn on the power supply and slowly lower the compass toward the solenoid until the
needle rotates 900. Then measure the distance of the compass from the trainer surface
with a rule.
Distance = __________________________________________ (Inches/Centimetres)
This should occur when the compass is approximately 2-3 inches over the solenoid.
This is the point where the compass is close enough that the electromagnetic field
from the solenoid attracts the compass needle.
7. Insert the armature into the solenoid and turn on the power supply. We will now
observe the effect the armature has on the strength of a magnetic field. The stronger
the field is, the further away from the coil the magnetic field lines reach.
8. Turn on the power supply and re-position the compass 12-16 inches above the
solenoid. Slowly lower the compass towards the solenoid until the needle rotates 900.
Then measure the distance of the compass from the work surface.
Distance = __________________________________________ (Inches/Centimetres)
It should be farther away than in step 6 (approximately) because the armature acts as
an iron core and strengthens the magnetic field. Therefore, the magnetic flux lines
will reach farther away from the solenoid.
CONNECT AND OPERATE A RELAY IN A CIRCUIT
1. Connect the circuit shown below. Make sure the circuit is connected to the normally
open and common terminals of the relay.
Figure 21. A basic relay control circuit.

Figure22. The basic components of a relay.

A. Place the AC/Dc selector switch in the Dc position.
B. Turn on the power supply.
C. Press and hold the push button and observe the status of the lamp.
Lamp status ______________________________________________ (on/off)
You should hear the relay click when you press the pushbutton because the
magnetic field from the coil has pulled the armature towards it. The lamp
should be on.
D. Release the push button and observe the status of the lamp.
Lamp status ______________________________________________ (on/off)
The lamp should now be off because the relay contacts have returned to their
normal states.
E. Press the pushbutton again and observe the motion of the relay’s armature
through the transparent housing relay.
Armature status ______________________________ (Stays up/ pulled down)
The armature should be pulled down to make the contact with the N.O.
contacts, completing the lamp circuit.
F. Release the push button and observe the armature.
Armature status (Pushed or pulled down). The armature should be pushed up
by the spring to its normal state, making contact with the N.C. contacts.
3. Perform the following sub-steps to test the other output devices in the circuit.
A. Replace the lamp with a fan and repeat step 2
B. Replace the fan with a solenoid and repeat step 2.
4. Turn off the power supply and connect the circuit below. This circuit controls 2
different circuits. Notice the one output circuit is connected to the normally open
contacts, while the other output circuit is connected to the normally closed contacts.
Figure 23. Relay circuit.

5. Perform the following steps to operate the relay control circuit.
A. Turn on the power supply.
B. Push and hold the pushbutton and observe the status of both lamps.
Lamp 1 status ____________________________________________ (on/off)
Lamp 2 should be on because it is connected to the normally open contacts.
Lamp 1 should be off because it is connected to the normally closed contacts,
which are open.
C. Release the push button and observe the status of the lamps.
Lamp 2 should be off and Lamp 1 should be on.
You have now successfully operated a relay in a circuit.
CONNECT AND OPERATE A VOLTAGE DIVIDER NETWORK
1. Perform the following sub-steps to set the rheostat (RL) to the required load resistance
value
A. Set the DMM to measure resistance.
B. With the control knob of the rheostat facing you, measure the resistance
between the left terminal and the center terminal shown below.
Figure 24. Resistance across the rheostat
2. Connect the circuit shown below using the rheostat you just set in step 1 for RL and
the two 25-ohm resistors for R2.
Figure 25. Circuit to simulate

3. Perform the following sub-steps to operate the circuit and make measurements.
A. Place the AC/DC switch in the Dc position.
B. Turn on the power supply on T7017.
C. Set the DMM to measure DC volts.
VRL = __________________________________________________ (volts).
It should be approximately 3.6v
4. Turn off the power supply
5. Disconnect RL from the circuit and turn o the power supply.
6. Now measure the voltage across R2 to determine is the unloaded voltage is close to
the 3.6v value produced when the load was attached.
Is unloaded voltage close to loaded voltage? __________________________(yes/ no)
You should find that the unloaded voltage is much greater than 3.6V. This is because
the loaded voltage divider requires that the load be constant for proper operation.
DISCHARGE A CAPACITOR
1. Discharge the capacitor by touching the connection posts with the lead wire, as shown
below. If there is any charge, you should notice a spark when the wire touches the
posts.
Spark ____________________________________________________ (yes/no)
There may or may not be a spark depending on whether or not the previous user left a
charge on the capacitor.
Figure26. Discharging a capacitor with a test lead wire

2. Connect the capacitor to the power supply through a knife switch as shown below.
Figure27. Connecting a capacitor
3. Place the AC/Dc selector switch in the DC position.
4. Close the switch.
5. Turn on the power supply and leave it on for a few seconds to allow the capacitor to
charge.
6. Open the switch.
8. Repeat step 1 and observe if there is a spark.
Spark ____________________________________________________ (yes/no)
There should be a spark this time since the capacitor was charged.
9. Disconnect the capacitor and store it.
TEST A CAPACITOR WITH A DMM
1. Locate both of the capacitor modules in T7017 and discharge the both.
Capacitor 1 ________________________________________________ (Good/ bad)
Capacitor 2 ________________________________________________ (Good/ bad)
If the resistance goes to a low value and then climbs to overload, the capacitor is
good. If the resistance goes to a value near zero and stays, the dielectric is shorted and
the capacitor is bad.
Figure 28. Testing a capacitor with a DMM
2. Set the DMM to measure resistance and test each capacitor as shown below.
3. Repeat step 2 again to confirm your results. If you find a bad capacitor, inform your
instructor immediately.
4. Discharge the capacitors.
5. Store the capacitors.
MEASURE THE VOLTAGE ACROSS A CHARGED CAPACITOR
1. Locate one of the capacitor modules and discharge it with a test lead wire.
2. Connect the capacitor to the T7017 power supply as shown below.
Figure 29. The effect of a capacitor in a DC circuit
3. Select Dc with AC/DC selector switch and turn on the power supply.
4. Wait a few seconds for the capacitor to charge and then turn off the power supply.
5. Carefully disconnect the capacitor from the power supply.
6. Set the DMM to measure Dc volts and then measure the voltage across the capacitor.
Capacitor full charge voltage = ___________________________________ (Volts)
The voltage should initially be very close to the source voltage and then start to drop
off as the capacitor discharges through the DMM.
7. Discharge the capacitor with a lead wire.
EFFECT OF A CAPACITOR IN A DC CIRCUIT

Figure 30. Pictorial and Schematic of Experiment Setup
2. Place the AC/Dc selector switch in the Dc position and turn on the power supply.
3. Rotate the selector switch to the right (ON) to allow the charge circuit to charge the
capacitor.
4. Rotate the selector switch back to the OFF position and then press and hold the push
button. Note the status of the buzzer.
Buzzer status ______________________________________ (Sounds/ doesn’t sound)
It should sound for a short time as the capacitor discharges through it. It should start
out fairly loud and then decrease in volume as the voltage decreases.
5. Release the pushbutton.
6. Repeat steps 3-5 to become more familiar with the operation of this circuit.
Figure 31. Pictorial and schematic of setup
8. Discharge the capacitor.
9. Set the DMM to measure Dc current.
11. Turn on the power supply and observe the lamp.
Lamp status __________________________________________________ (on/off)
The lamp should not light. There is a small amount of current flow until the capacitor
is charged, but it is not enough to cause the lamp to light.
12. Observe the current value displayed on the DMM display.
Current reading _________________________________________________ (Amps)
It should be zero because the capacitor is charged and has blocked the current flow.
14. Discharge the capacitor.
16. Store all components.
EFFECT OF A CAPACITOR IN AN AC CIRCUIT
1. Discharge the capacitors.

Figure 32. A capacitor in an AC circuit

A. Turn on the DMM and set it to measure AC amps.
B. Place the AC/DC selector switch in the AC position.
C. Turn on the T7017 power supply.
4. Observe the lamp. Does it light?
Lamp on ______________________________________________________ (yes/no)
5. Observe the ammeter and record its reading below
Actual current = ______________________________________________ (amps)
The ammeter should indicate approximately 0.15 Amps. Might vary depending on the
actual capacitance of your capacitor. The lamp is actually being illuminated by the
charge and discharge current from the capacitor, the capacitor blocks DC but will pass
AC.
6. Use the T7017 voltmeter to measure the voltage across the capacitor and record
below.
Actual voltage = ______________________________________________ (VAC)
You should read approximately 5.5 VAC.
7. Use Ohm’s law and the actual voltage and current values obtained in steps 5 and 6 to
calculate the actual capacitive reactance of the capacitor in the circuit. Record your
answer below.
V
X c=
I
Actual capacitive reactance = _____________________________________ (Ohms)

Your answer should be approximately 36.7 ohms.
8. The capacitive reactance formula can be re-arranged as shown to solve for
capacitance.
1
C=
2 πf X c
Where Xc = capacitive reactance (ohms)

f= AC frequency (hertz)
π = pi (3.1416)
C = capacitance (farads)
Actual capacitance = ______________________________________________ (µF)
You should obtain an answer of approximately 87µF for 50 Hz and 72 µF for 60 Hz.
10. Remove the capacitor from the circuit and replace it with the other capacitor provided
with the T7017.
11. Turn on the power supply and repeat steps 5 through 8 to determine the actual
capacitance of the 2nd capacitor. Record your data below.
Actual current = ______________________________________________ (amps)
Actual voltage = ______________________________________________ (VAC)
Actual capacitive reactance = _____________________________________ (Ohms)
Actual capacitance = ___________________________________________ (µF)
The values obtained should be very close to those obtained with the first capacitor.
Any difference will be from a slightly different capacitance value for the second
capacitor.
13. Disconnect and store all components.
CONNECT AND OPERATE A TRANSFORMER
1. Perform the following sub-steps to connect and supply power to the transformer.
A. Connect the transformer to the power supply as shown in the figure below.
This transformer has two primaries and secondaries. In this exercise, you
will connect the two primary windings in parallel.
B. Place the AC/Dc selector switch in the AC position.
C. Turn the power supply.
Figure. Operating a transformer
Figure 33. Schematic of transformer connections

2. Set the DMM to measure AC volts and measure the voltage across the primary
Figure 34. Measurement of Primary voltage
Primary Voltage = ____________________________________________ (VAC)
It should be approximately 26.5 VAC
3. Now measure the voltage across one of the secondary as shown below.
Secondary voltage = ___________________________________________ (VAC)
The secondary voltage should be approximately 17.5 VAC. This is induced in the
secondary winding by the magnetic field from the primary.
Figure 35. Measurement of secondary voltage

4. Measure the voltage across the other secondary.
Secondary voltage = ___________________________________________ (VAC)
It should be similar to the value in step 3.
TROUBLESHOOT A TRANSFORMER BY MEASURING CONTINUITY
1. Place the transformer module from T7-017 on the work surface of the trainer.
2. Set the DMM to measure resistance.
3. Check the primary coils for an open by measuring the resistance across each as shown
below. If the ohmmeter reads infinite resistance, the coil is open and the transformer
is bad.
Primary 1 resistance ___________________________________________ (Ohms)
Primary 2 resistance ___________________________________________ (Ohms)
Should display a resistance of approximately 80 and 110 ohms.
4. Check the secondary coils for an open by measuring the resistance across each as
shown below. If the ohmmeter reads infinite resistance, the coil is open and the
transformer is bad.
Secondary 1 resistance ___________________________________________ (Ohms)
Secondary 2 resistance ___________________________________________ (Ohms)
Should display a resistance of approximately 30 and 50 ohms.
5. Connect one lead from the ohmmeter to one terminal of the primary 1 coil.
6. Touch the second lead of your ohmmeter to one terminal of the other primary coil.
Observe the reading on the ohmmeter.
Resistance _____________________________________________________ (ohms)
If the reading on the ohmmeter is anything other than infinite resistance, the
transformer is bad and shouldn’t be used.
7. Move the second Lead of the ohmmeter to one terminal of each of the secondary
coils. Record the resistance of each measurement.
Resistance _____________________________________________________ (ohms)
Resistance _____________________________________________________ (ohms)
Bothy measurements should be infinite if the transformer is good.
8. Connect one lead from your ohmmeter to the primary 2 coil.
9. Repeat step 7 with the second lead of the ohmmeter connected to one terminal of each
secondary coils.
Resistance _____________________________________________________ (ohms)
Resistance _____________________________________________________ (ohms)
Again, the resistances should both be infinite if the transformer is good.
10. Now place one lead of the ohmmeter on each secondary coil and record the resistance
below.
Resistance _____________________________________________________ (ohms)
Again, the resistance should be infinite if the transformer is good.
11. Place the leads of the ohmmeter inside the two tapped holes of the transformer core as
shown in the figure below. This allows you to make contact with the core itself.
Figure 36. Tapped holes in the core for ohmmeter lead placement.
12. Press the leads of the ohmmeter against the sides of the tapped holes and observe the
ohmmeter. Reading should be very low resistance (< 2 ohms). If the ohmmeter
doesn’t indicate a connection, use the leads of the ohmmeter to scrap the shellac off
the inside of the tapped holes until the ohmmeter shows a connection.
Resistance _____________________________________________________ (ohms)
13. Now, leave one lead in contact with the core and use the second lead to touch one
terminal of each of the transformer coils. The ohmmeter should indicate infinite
resistance between the core and all coils. If it doesn’t, the transformer is bad and
shouldn’t be used.
Resistance _____________________________________________________ (ohms)
You have now verified that none of the transformer coils are shorted to the
transformer core.

AC or DC ELECTRICAL MANUAL

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AC or DC ELECTRICAL MANUAL

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AC/DC ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS MANUAL

● Understand the difference between voltage and current.

Basic safety rules while working around electricity rules

● Avoid touching bare wires or component leads when the

1. Use an AC tester to check a wall outlet for electricity.

2. Test the continuity of wires using a DMM.

CONNECT AND OPERATE A CIRCUIT USING THE THREE TYPES OF MANUAL

1. Perform the following sub-steps to prepare the power supply

Figure 1. A circuit with a knife switch and a lamp

Figure 2. How to connect the wires to the terminals

Figure 3. A schematic diagram and pictorial of a circuit with a pushbutton switch

CONNECT AND OPERATE AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT WITH A RESISTOR.

1. Perform the following sub-steps to connect the power supply

CONNECT AND OPERATE AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT WITH A BUZZER.

1. Perform the following sub-steps to connect the power supply

3. Perform the following sub-steps to operate the circuit.

CONNECT AND OPERATE AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT WITH A SOLENOID.

1. Perform the following sub-steps to connect the power supply

D. Release the pushbutton switch and pull out the armature.

CONNECT AND OPERATE AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT WITH A MOTOR.

1. Perform the following sub-steps to connect the power supply

USE DMM TO MEASURE THE VOLTAGE DROPS, CURRENT, AND

1. Connect the series circuit as shown below.

Figure 8. Measuring voltage dropped across a resistor.

Figure 9. Measurement of point Voltage referenced to ground

Figure 11. Parallel circuit.

Figure 13. Measurement of resistance in a parallel circuit.

Figure 14. Total resistance measurement parallel circuit.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

1. Connect the circuit shown below.

Figure16. Test circuit with one load.

Figure17. Test circuit with two loads

Figure18. Test circuit with three loads

Figure19. Test circuit with loads in parallel

OPERATE A CIRCUIT USING A CIRCUIT BREAKER

Figure 20. A circuit with a circuit breaker.

TEST AN ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

CONNECT AND OPERATE A RELAY IN A CIRCUIT

Figure 21. A basic relay control circuit.

2. Perform the following sub-steps to operate the circuit.

Figure 23. Relay circuit.

CONNECT AND OPERATE A VOLTAGE DIVIDER NETWORK

Figure 25. Circuit to simulate

Figure26. Discharging a capacitor with a test lead wire

TEST A CAPACITOR WITH A DMM

MEASURE THE VOLTAGE ACROSS A CHARGED CAPACITOR

EFFECT OF A CAPACITOR IN A DC CIRCUIT

1. Connect the circuit shown below.

EFFECT OF A CAPACITOR IN AN AC CIRCUIT

1. Discharge the capacitors.

Figure 32. A capacitor in an AC circuit

3. Perform the following sub-steps to operate the circuit.

Actual capacitive reactance = _____________________________________ (Ohms)

Where Xc = capacitive reactance (ohms)

CONNECT AND OPERATE A TRANSFORMER

Figure 33. Schematic of transformer connections

Figure 35. Measurement of secondary voltage

TROUBLESHOOT A TRANSFORMER BY MEASURING CONTINUITY

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