Dot pha 8+ sSINH HOC >) KITHI THPT Quéc gia“ewes f HUE « JOH Maas sig 2609 TSHT ‘ {QM Avi Aid OUD 20H 188 MAB TAL Anis esa iLOI NOI DAU (Céc em hoe sinh than ment ‘Theo thong tn chin thie ca B6 Gido dye &D&o teo,kiénthde thi THPTOG tind 2019 88 bao gdm kign thie cla ¢8 316p 10,11 va 12 Bing trade sy thay di ln nay, HB hét ce ‘em hoe sinh du cém thay fo lang, hoang mang, king bigt pha hoe nhu thé nao va én luyén tir dau 66 dpt duge ket qua tt nha. \Yoi mong mun hé thing dy 40 ign thie cia c& 3 lop 10, 11,12 va dink huting phusong DPhap hoe tép higu qué cho céc em, nhém tae glé ching ti da tim tai nghién ctu va bign ‘gn cun sch Dot phd &* mén Sinh hee ki thi THPT Que ga ‘Cusn séch bao gm kién thi Sinh hoc l6p 10, 11, 12 véihé théng vi du phong phi gin {en vei tima kin thie, bd sét cdc dang bai tip thyong gp trong de thi THPTOG, (ia trie cia cudn sich gm 3 phan chinh: Phan 1 = Sin hoc 12: ‘Tinh bay chi tit kgn thie Sinh hoc 12, cung edi true tigp cho cc em kién thie lin quan dé Sinh hoc 17 va inh hgc 10 trong qué trinh hos. + Phin 2 Sinh ge 17 va phan 3 ~ Sinh hoe 10: ‘Trinh bay cdc kin tha Sinh hoc 11, Sinh hoe 10 trong tm théng qua vige phan ich hinh ‘nh minh hoa, sd, bing so sénh, dé cc em On tap lai kin thie dé dang nh. Uw dim nei bgt ta cusin sich: + HE théng bai tip due chia dang rang, cung cp phuong phép gidi nhanh va vi dy ‘minh ha dign inh dé céc em c6 thé ép dyng nhanh nh. i phibn ign thurla bai tap tyluyén Cuye trinh bay ai 4 ep 66 trong d® thi: nhan Diet, thang hiéu, vin dung va van dung cao. + 6 lugmg cau héi dém béo bao quat het ca dang bai thao, tat c& du c6 1 gid ch tit trén he thong CCTEST. “Bie bigt,cugn sch cn due tich hyp cing ede tin ich céng nghé mang tinh dét phé '80,v4i ning cudn sich tham khdo khéc: Video bai ging, Hé théng thi thiz Nhém giBi dép ‘thc mic mién phi trén Facebook, 3p dé cc em 6n luyén thanh * Cuén sch la ‘gia ti tri thc, la tam huyét a nhém téc gid va dom vj phat hinh mun gt 6 tay ban doc nhimg kin thie hay, bch a igu luyén thi THPTQG tin c@y cia cde €em hge sinh trén ca nue. Tuy nhién, trong qua tinh bién soan khéng thé tanh kh6i nhting sai sét,nhém tie git mong nhn duc nhing kin déng gop quy bau tirban doc dé Tan tian sau 68 duge hoan thign hon, (nm eit)uA@ 10n 104 ten A 298 re 3D ” 0s deen DOTGHT i a rit om aber oy 0218 8 ein arth dro it get ont ‘90 Fd ut ye bl OD yor ya abu goa SF he TOT URtE bo elo ab dbl ep ond Se “ev of Bt yt Ded tse Bid QM ora gre gab oft nba ania ae ma Sein 4 ap Hk 20d 19D HD UBD BYE, ‘bid 6 ubo aiton Idi mir BB i8t.eniprio big okt mndiin som Eup ugid a6¢ 20M qlirig & ‘20 2010 19H ie G08 due Sm ~3 aha 18 daa sibuo-ngoe |__ fll ia grog ov go ty STF DT gt ag se AS ig cid Moke MOLD TOUS DOTS te 5b goo abe gai abt od gab aa te mb 9 pt nt de og iy tok nb wa tik St apd a2 Cae3~ * i a bt me ao ont git ape ae mo Sf a Ania at Ah ito wt HT ‘of dont sup gnaw Ot a9 Arie y TT 9 ke AB tap ‘DE a9h Oni ~ Erbe FY ge ae $i + el ot itv au gn ns yt Of ape dni. tenet ML ao yt rT fs pe Sat Bb il At 8 re aba BD sin ce pth Os at cen nB ‘fee ia wn Po wD AAS {aby by cor ii cau gk pru>grrn gn sido ao oft pide 3 = “Jil cern pre a8 Bel) 60 m9 abo BD oid bb athe nb tt Bo poo Gb Ba RAR vc nk A BH i i ei a = ‘08 Grab abe er be wi gi {tnd npyul nd me nao BB Gat ied yng abo Bel Haep ont ob AD Sa bo OTRAS + “Tes got 061 ie dig S19 ub do ker ake bb rit gem ion gia da ast obo gas goa at mea nibs rome ID 98 Sg nett a Be gig id cab abe ot met x SO TTT en a i 0 ig 91 shi aa Hat ih. wn! A tobe d+ ‘of iia viko mit OUTST ‘ett enya bili Mot bd esd oUt abl groin a6 cage Yes Me Bay erties nbs Ba god age oS dat bu geste Tar bl 20 ‘lB a9h ned dup a Bre BRAY enn a be ant emia Joe Nor nite aod cmt $e une mbes abt ‘digs,l PHAN 1: LOP 12 HONG 1: DITRUYEN HOC Cchuytn ob 4: enbciytn v8 vin a obp pan cchuyen a8 2 a ch hruybnvabdn cp te Pe chuyon ab 3: Quy watal ayer ‘cnuyon ob 4 Dx urn oe an me cnuyon ob 5: rg da tren cnuyen 6: Di raya nae naUe! GHYONG2: TIEN HOA Cchuyon ab 4: Bing cna én ne chuyén ab 2:Go chb sen née ‘chuyen 6b 3: Sy pat sinh va. prt ibn sy sbng ttn i HONG 3: SINH THAI HOC cchuyen ad 1:c0tnb va bt Cchuyan ab 2: Quan x ‘chuyen ab 3: He sinh ta sinh quyen pain 2 UO? 11 AXIT NUCLEIC C64 loa bazo nto: A, T, G, X. +064 log nuclaott aA, T, G, X. ci Mot chu ki xodn gdm: + 10 cap nucleo. SF + ca034A. + Bydng kinh: 204 * Nguyén tc BB sung thé hig: [tron mach 4 fin két v6 T rén mach 2 va nguge lal. G tebm mach 1 ibn két voi X rén mech 2 va nquge ll AT ys 32%,‘Alien két v6iT bang 2lién két his. Glen kBt v6% X bang 3 len kBt hire. +6 idm kt hie trén phn tir ADN la: ‘Gol sb nucBdft én phan tlh ADN la N. Tor NTBS+A=T,G4X—-A+G=T+X=5 ‘Téng 36 lién kt ha tr tren phn tir ADN I: D2cen ae caries oe maidens ‘thong tin ma héa cho mét sn phdm nhét inh. San phdm c6 thé la ARN hode chudii pélipeptit. "aa ce ee Gen cu tric: Mang théng tin quy dinh ‘san phim tham gia vao cdu tric. eas Mestre nate ‘san phdm tham gia vao didu hda hoat dng 2 * MBi gen gdm 3 vang: ‘Theo chidu 3'- 5° trén mach ma géc: ‘Ving digu hoa: Chia trinh ty kndi du phién ma va trinh ty didu hoa phién ma. Td Be apes el ico ++ O'sinh vét nhan so: Gen khéng phén = @ sinh vat nhan thyc: Hau hét gen: ‘eee ae ereiens ‘Ving két thic: Mang tin higu két thic eR ML) “Trong phn tir ADN 06 fin két hoa tr trong mdi pucbédt va ibn Két héa tr gitra ‘ce mucB6tk vi nhau. Gen Hemoglobin anpha (Hb a) ma héa ‘chudi polpeptit a, clu tao nén phn tir Hb trong tbo hing cBu, Gen tARN ma héa phan tt tARN, Gen cfu tric: Gen Hb o. Gen didu hda: Gen R trong chu tide Operon Lac. an ae : ening pn rn pn a ———— ee = Surana, eves anv man>Hot pha B+ mon Sin toc ki th 3. Ma i tyén “Khai im ‘Ma di truydn la ma bo ba: et ba nuclestit ding k& tp nhau tgo thanh mot madi tren. +84 idm ota ma dituyén Ma di traybn Gur doc tr mat ebm xc 4inh va Hib tye, kh6ng chdng g6ilén nha Ma ditty o6 tinh pi bid: tht c8 ce {odi au 6 chung mptbp ma di tray (tr metal ngosi ie). Ma di truydn 06 tinh dc higuc met b6 ba chi mB ha cho mét log axit amin, Ma dituyBn 06 tnh thoi ha: 68 nib ALAC Tran mARN: co 4*= 640 ba, Boba mé daula: S'AUG 3 60 ba két thac la: 5' UAAS, 5° UAG 3", S'UGAS. mARN FERUERARSRRERRY sat b6 ba khac nhau oé thé cing ma héa cho: Lysin ‘m@t logi axit amin. Tr 2 bO ba: AUG (ma hoa axt amin mi du) vi UGG (maha A ‘nit amin triptophan).. 7 O09 a "Phln2 cho cONe THUC Tina NHANH __ Cong thie thuéna ap (Cong thie h@ qua N= ahs 2627+ 2 (nut) Asgatexe H=2A+ 3G =27 + 3X (lien két) H=N+G=N+X L N ae L 2 a(Ay 2a AeA +A eT aToT AeA aT AST aT GG, + eX +X =X 6=6,+X,=6,+ sea ater BALSA _ 7, +%6T 2 z TAL +96T, _ 9A, +36, 2 2 WGC, _ 1X4 HK. 4 z zi HE 4K, _ HG, +X, 2Ce iPeeIR unl i> cAc pane BAI TAP “SP Dang 1: Bai tgp v8 ma ai ray. Bai ton 1: Xd anh 6 lai bo ba ma hba, King ma héa axt amin. 1. Phuong phap giai ‘Si dung toan tb hyp. Chi C6 64 ma bo ba, trong a6 c: + 1b) ba mé du: 5' AUG 3' ma héa cho axitamin métidnin hoc foocmin métiénin. +3 bp ba két thie khéng ma héa axit amin la: S' UAG 3°, 5' UGA 3, 5' UAAS'. 2.Vidy minh ha Wid Oia bins 6% 8d tig hop age bao nhieu mma ax arin? iO be Huéng din CC tt ci = G4 bp ba. Tonga ob 3 bp ba kheng ma hda ax amin i: SURG, SUGAS, S'UAAS’—+ C6 61 bp ba ma héa axit amin, Chen c Vids 2 Nguoi ain hd ng dear ARN a tt Soa nba AU, x Phan ARN tao thant co thé c6 bao nhiduloalbp ba ma host ant smin? a2. Bot c.26. Bao Heng ain ‘TW 3 lol nucl6bttA, U, Xo6 th8 to thanh 8?= 27 lal bp ba, Tiong 6 6 1 86 ba khong 1nd ha ait amin: §* UAA 3» C6 26 ba me ha ant amin, + Chen & 3. Bal tp ty tuyén (Cau 1 (10: 30984) Nga tin han ng hop doen ARN nh got 3 log nuclgBRA, U, G. Phan ti ARN tao thnho5 th. bac nh loa bb ba ma ha ait min? A264. 8.27 6.63. De, Cau 2d: 30985) C6 tt c& bao nh lol bp ba eps tg thn tir 3 o9l nuclBit A, X,T? AGI 8.28 c.27. Ds. Cu 3 (0: 30986) TW 3 log nuc66tit kU, G,X c6thb igo than bao ahi be ba ma héa? AGt B26 c.21. D8. bip in CGA [20 TSC) ®ced cSr MU Ranic Bai toén 2: Xée dinh #16 cla cfc loal ma bd ba. 1, Phuong phép gid ‘Str dyng bal tod 1 va t8 hgp xc sult 2. Vi dy minh hoa \Vidy 4: Ngudi ta tin nh tng hop ARN nhén tao vei nguyén liu gdm 3 loai nuciit (a: A, U, X vor 19 2:3: 5. TTp mut hin bo ba AUX Ia bao nhisu? 0.03. con. D.0.06. Huong din Ti coal nul66ttl&: A: U: X= 02:03 0.6. + Thi6 xudt hign bd ba AUX la: 0,2 . 0,3 .0,5 = 003. = Chon A \Vidy 2: Noudi ta tién hanh téng hop ARN nhén tgo voi nquyén lieu g’m 3 loal hucéstit la A,U, X v6illg 2:3 :. Tg wut hign bd ba o6 chira 2 nuclédtt iol Ala 8.0,038, B.0,06. 0.0.06, D. 0,08. Tie cho log nude la:A: U:X=02:0.3:05 BO 3 06 chira 2 nu logi A, vj tri cdn Iai c6 thé la U hfe X voi tlle 14 0,3+0,5 = 0,8 86 cch sip xdp vt 2 nu loi A tong bd bala C2 Vay, 1960 ba cb 2 ru log A18 02". 0,8. C3=0.006 = Chon 3. Baltap ty yen Cau 1 (ID: 31051) Trong mot 6ng nghigm, c6 tl Ie 4 foal nucléotit A, U, G, X voi ti@ ln lugt 1A: U:G:X=2:1:3:2. Nguoi ta da téng hop m6t phan tir ARN nhann tao. Theo I thuyét, Se pee A rn be eee ae ee aot. ox 4 Aa 7 ia ° 356 (Cau 2 (ID: 31052) Ngwai ta tién hanh téng hgp pan tir MARN nhan tgo tir 4 Jogi nuclé6tt A2U2G:X=1:3:2:4, TING BO ba o6 nh 1 nuclebtit iol Aa 8. 0,028. 0.037. D. 0,06. cau 3 7D: 31083) Tong mét'Sng nghigm, 664 oa! uct A, U, GX vor tg Tn wot Ia ALU:G:X=1:1:2:4, Ti lol nulé6tt ny ngu tad tng hyp nn mét phan ARN rn tao. Néu ph tr MARN ny e6 3000 nucéGit hl s8.cé bao niu be ba AAG? AaB, 8.32. 16. D8. papan CA [2a | 5-0) ®Avy Cee Mee SF dang 2: Xac djnh tanh phan nuciebtttén gen, AON. Bai todn 1: Xée dinhthanh phn nuciedt én gan Kn biét chibu da, kn ugg, sé én KB héa tn, 86 lien két nid. 1. Phuong php gi ich 1: Lap he phuong tinh, ube 1: Xéc dinh ting 36 nucieast trén gen, ADN (N), ube 2: Lap he phuong trinh choa &n 1a ‘cbc don phan cla gen, ADN. Burée 3: Giai i phuong tinh (ch 2:Tinh nhanh. Bute 1; Xéc dinh ting 36 nucieott trén ‘gen, ADN. ‘Bute 2: Tinh 6 lugng nuclei og G. WES eles Halts: H=2A+36} 2. Vi dy minh ha \Vidy: Mt gen 6 5998 lien két ha triva 3600 lin kbt hid, Tinh 6 nucl86tt mBi loai cua gen. + Huong dn ach 1: ‘Tong s6 nuciestit tn gen ia N=(HT+2):2-=(6966 +2):2=3000 (mucisC0). ‘Tac6 he phwong tinh voi ting 96 nuclestit ‘ta gen v6is6 én két hdr. f aava=3000. (o-x=00n foassccae07 {act on can Téng s6 nuciéotttrén gen a Ne (HT 4-2) :2 = (6998 + 2):2.= 3000 vi i nino 210 le. po iia ici ge 3596 ién ket S6 hrgng tong foal nuciéotit cle 96m la: A.A=T=360, G=X=540. G.A=T=320, G-X~680, Huéng din: Ting 6 nuciott wen gen n= HE ‘Ta 66 he phuong trinh { Chon D HT+ 2. 3598*2 - 1999,‘igs 2. Mot gen cK rong 540000 aC Va 382520 in Kb es Sb vgng ong oh rucl@btit cla gen bing: BA=T=360, 6=X=540, DiAxT=540, 6=X=360, Huong din M__ 540000 ‘Téng sb nucle tén gent: Non = 2 = 54009-1800 (uctsot Tac G=H-N=2320- 1800=520-+A=T="-G=800._570.-380, = Chon c ‘Vid 9: Mot ADN 6 6 lien kdtnaro gio 6&2 cap’ va X’bang 1,5 66 en Két ideo ‘ia cdc cp Ava. T8 % wrong tng nucle ala ADN in hr X= 26% BA=T=15%,Gax- 35%. = 20% DiA=T=20%, 6 Huong din Theo balra ta c6 36=1,5.2A -1G=A MaG+A=50%—+A=G=T=X=25%, Chon 3. Bal tap ty luyén Cau 14 (ID: 31230) Mgt gen o6 chidu dai 5100 A va c6 3600 lién két hidré. Sé lung ting toainucéoit aia gon n6i tr a: 900, 6 =x =600. B.A=T=600, G=X-900. 420 D.A=T=490,6-X-720. (Cau 2 (ID: 31231) Mt gen c6 kn6i lvgng 9.10° AVC va 66 3800 lién két hidrd. $6 luong rut logic gen ten a A700 8.200. 600 . 900, Cau (0: 31282) Mot gen co 2308 én két héa tr gia cée dom phén. $6 tsnkét hi gia cac c§p A-T lon hon sé6 lién két hidro gitra che cp G - X la 400 lién két. $6 lugng rnuclédtit méi loal ca gen nay la: A.A=T=400, 6=X-= 800 B.A=T 560, 6 =X~ 640. C.A=T= 800, @=X-= 400. D.A=T=640,6=%= 560. opin GAT BAT SO) ®: CU eeu Bal toan 2: Xée inh than phn nucl8Ot én gon, mARN khi Bit @ cc loa nucle 1. Phuong phép ig ‘Vi dy: MOt phan tr mARN 6 chu dl 40804, én mARN c6 tp cc ogi nucisout WG:X:U:A=3:4:2:3, 86 muclsit ting lpi cla mARN tr i? Hung din ‘Bub 1: Xe dnht8ng s6 nucle ién gen. 0 ES ‘Bude 2: So sénh 1 If cde don phan véi 1200 =300 (nucl6ti ting s6 nuclasit ca gen (N), xéc dinh 36 ‘uct mB oa. 2. Vi dy minh hg ‘Vidi 4: Mot ADN 6 tng hai foal nucesttchidm 903% ing 4 nucBéii iron ‘so nuclé@tit igi Anhidu hon s6 nucl6otitiogG. TI1@ phan tram ting loal nucleott ca ‘ADN tren la: : ne A.A=T=10%, G = X= 90% DA=T=90% 6= Hyéng dn “rong ADN 6 ting 2 ogi nuclé6tit = 90% by la tBng 2 loa nuciébit bB sung cho nhau. ‘Trung hop 1:G + X= 00% + G=X= 45% + A=T= 5% -+logl doA> 6. ‘Trubng hop 2:A+T = 90% + A= T= 45% +G = X= 5%. = Chon ‘Vid 2: Met gen cb 2346 lid Kt hier Higus6 Gite Adénin a gen voi moto nucleo kn bing 20% ng s6 nuclélt cla gen 46. Kh6ilxong ota gen dO la ee ‘A.1224000, 8, 306000. 612000. D. 224400. Hurting dln (A-%60 = 20%N_ (A=35%N, A +46 = 50%N 5%4N. 2A49G = 2348 2. 35%N-+3,15YN = 2348 > 115%N = 2346 -+ N= 2040. ni tzgng ota gen la: M = N.300 = 2040.30 = 612000 ave. cence @Gee UC ISI e Bu niiane 3. Bal tp ty luyén (Cau 1 (0: 31284) Mot gen c6 chibu da 0,51 um COA = 20% ting sé rucibOit. $6 nudist réilogi cia gen a: Jogi nuciaout kind bing 20% t8ng sb nuci66tt cba gen 66. Chidu dai cde gen a6 18 3468 A, B.5100A, 6.4080. D.3080A. (Clu 3 (1D: 31237) M6t phn ti ADN & sinh vat ahan thye c6 s6 nuctitloai AdBrin chiém 20% téng 36 nucléafit. Ti 16 96 nuciAtit ogi Guanin trong phan ti ADN nay le A 40%, 8.20% c.30%. D.10%. Bu4 (1D: 31298) Mot gen c6 chu da 0,51 um, sb hen Kt iar ca cp A-T nhibu hon 6 in kt hiro cia cp G -X fa 260 lin kBt. S6 ruclébtt mét log cla gen nay a A.AnT=548, G = X= 952 B.AnT= 952, G=X= 548. C.A=T=652, 6 =X =848. D.A=T= 848, G=X=652. (Cau 5 (1D: 31239) Mot gen ob 900 c&p nuciBOit va c6 18 cdc loel muck bang nhau. ‘6 itn k&thigré oda gen la 4.2280, B, 1798. 6.1126 D. 3060. bipan GA 2A [SO] #8 BA) Baltodn 3: Xéc dn than phdn nucitt tren gen shi big thanh phn rucl8it ron ting mach cba gen. 4. Phuong phap giai ‘Sl dung ode ofng the sau: A=TyA,=Ty aA +A2T,+T=T. 6=6,+6,=X,+%=X 64 2267 A Se 6 = 6x BEEBE, «AG, gga AEM HO, Chi: 6A, % Td 8 eta clog nucl6Bt so v6 26 nuléait w8n mot mach, A, {6.18 8 cia cAc lei nucBétt so v6is6 suc86tttrén gen.ary rN 2..Vi dy minh hoe Huong dan ‘86 nuci€dtit cia gen la Ne"35 2 = 1800(nuciBdtt). sbtrgng tng eal ucoith. 4G 9x = BEAK ZHAASH 30%, A+ 62 50% + KA=20% “gA=T =20%. 1800 =360,6 = X=30% .1800 =540. Tach GA %X-= 50%, ma %X= 20% — d= 0% AeA, 47,=120+180=300 > N= 1000 ~+ G=X=20%N = 200 ‘86 in két hir® oda gen ni trén a H=2A+G = 2,300 +3200 = 1200 (én KE) 34 ChonaU Se an ‘ A A 3. Baltep tw yén Se MUD: 91240) Mach th mht a gen ote nuledta 10% Adin, 20% Tmin vd rar zin 0 vol tg a6 nucibstt cia mach TW ting lol mudBett so bi tng ob uct cda gen la A. A= %6T = 20%, 6G = 4X = 20%, ; 5%, KG = 4X = 15%, ©.%A= T= 15%, 4G = %X= 35%, X= 20%, (Cit 2 (iD: 31241) Met phan ti ADN cf chidu 48i 510um. Trin mach mét cla gen ob xb ‘tang nuci8tt log A+ = 900 nueleott. 86 nucléOtt mAl lei ca ADN tren li 200. = 600. D.A=T=600, 6=x= 900, G.A=T=900,6. $03 dO: 91242) Te 2 op nut cia mach 2596 va35%6X. Chiu cai agen bing 9,208 miersmet. Sugg ting loa nuclebt eda gent A.A=T= 960, 60, CAsT=270.6 680, 6=x=270 (Cu 4 (ID: 31243) M6t gen cia sinh vat nhan 80 06 'Guanin chiém 20% ting sé nuciestit cia ‘gen. Trén mach mot cla gen nay 06 150 Adénin va 120 Timin. $6 lién kt hidrd cia gen 1a As 8. 1080 ©. 960 . 1020. (Cau 5 (ID: 31244) Mot gen 6 ting 86 2128 Wen két hiard. Trén Mach 1 cla gen o6 sé ‘uciéétit loai A béing s6 nuclédtit logi T. 86 nucledtit logl G gdp 2 lan s5 nuctéstit loal A, sé ‘nuciédtit logi X gp 3 lan s6 nuclestit ioai T. 'Sé nuciéotitloai A cia gen la Ana 8448, c.204 336. win GeT aol sa Tee [ec) SRR) on rae rine ge (44 1 (iD: 1826) Phan ti nao sau aay mang bp be abi ma (atiesdony? AJARN, B.TARN, C.mARN, D.ADN. (08u 2 (1D: 1614) Cée.cBdon nao due day khéng mai h6a axit arin? ‘A.SGAUS, S’AAUS, SAGUS. B.SUAGS, 3UAAS, AGUS. ©. 31GAUS, SAAUS, S'AUGS. D.3UAGS, SUAS, UGAS. (Cau 3 (ID: 246) Gen la mgt doan cia phan tte ADN ‘A. mang théng tin ma hod chuéi péipeptit hay phén tir ARN. BB mang thong tn di truyén cia cdc la, . mang thong tin quy dinh céu tre eda phan ti prétein, D. chile ede b§ 3 ma hod céc axt amin ®truyén hoo (Cau 4 (1D: 1628) MA di ruyan 68 tinh dc higu, toc a ‘A. mot axit amin dvge ma héa b6i duy nhtmot bd ba. B, mt b6 ba chi ma hod cho mot loa axit amin. . tél c& cdc loal abu dng chung mbt b6 mi di truyén, D. nhibu bo ba cing xéc Ginh mot axit amin, ‘Cau 5 (ID: 1632) Tinh thodi héa ciia ma di truyén biéu ign ‘A. Ot b9 ba chi ma héa mgt loai axit amin, 'B. mot logi axt amin thug dvgc ma héa boi nhidu bd ba. mo lai sinh vt au dng chung mét bp ma. . mt bp ba ma ha cho nhiéu logi axit amin. (Chu 6 1D: 2047) Tong ty nhién, 06 beo nhidu loi ma di ruyén 06 it nhdt 2 nucl6otit foal G? At. 8.8, ¢.37, D, 10. (Cau 7 (ID: 1917) Ba s6 cA loai sinh vat sir dung chung mot b6 ma i truyn, ‘gos I fa de giém nao cia ma ai truyén? ‘A.Tinh phd bién. .B.Tinh dc higu, _C, Tinh thos héa, D. La ma bé ba. ‘Cau 8 (1D: 1921) Gen cia loal sinh vat ndo sau day o6 cu tric phan manh? ‘A. Xe khuahn. B. Ecol G.Némmen, —D, Vikhudn lam, (Cau 9 (ID: 1985) BS ba UUU chi ma héa cho exit amin Phe, bg ba AGU chi ma héa cho ‘xt amin Ser. Bay la de diém nao cla bp ba ma di truyn? ‘A. Tinh thogihéa." B. Tinh phé bign. —_¢. Tinh ac higu.D. (Cau 10 (1D: 2000) Bibu nao dang khi néi v8 gen phén manh? ‘A. C6 cde ving ma héa axit amin (éxén) xen give doan khdng 'B. Gen chi chiva céc ving mang b6 ba ma hée axit amin, . Gen do céc doan Okazaki ndi lai voi nhau nhéy enzyme ndi ligaza. D. Gen durge t8ng hop lign tye. (Cau 11 (ID: 2023) $6 be ba mai da 6 Guanin (3) la AT. 8.92 c.27. D. 16. (Cau 12 (1D: 2027) Mot gen & sinh vat nha thys'o sé Iuveng cdc loal nuclédtttrén mot ‘mach ld A= T = 600 va G = X = 300, Téng s6 lids kéthidrd cia gen nay la ‘A, 2400. B. 4200, ©2100. , 6800. (Cau 13 (1D: 2041) Mgt gen & sinh vat nha thys 6 66 lrgng cdc log! nuclédtttrén mot ‘mach I: A + T = 600 va G + X = 900. Chidu dal cda gen ld AS51004. B. 48004 ©. 102008. D. 25504, iY mt val ih han ch, h6a axit amin (intr). Bf(eee eS (Cau 14 (ID: 2048) Mot mARN truéng thanh cla ngudi dug ting hyp nhan tao gdm 3 loai nuclédtit A, U, G. Sé logi b> ba ma héa axit amin thi da od thé od trén mARN trén la At. 8.27, ce. 0.24 Cau 15 (ID: 2068) MOt gen & vi khudn E. coll cé 2300 nuclb6st va od sb nucléétit logi X chidm 22% ting s6 nuciéotit cila gen. $6 nucléstitloal T cla gen la A506. 40, ca, 0. 644, ‘Cu 16 (ID: 31698) Trong mot ng nghiém, c6 ti 8 4 logi nucieatit A, U, G, X lan luot la A:U:G:X=3:52 17 1 Tid lal nucébt ny ngud ta a8 tbng hop nn mt phn "ARN nn tao. Theo ly thuyét, trén phan ti: ARN mén tao nay, xc sudt xuat hién bé ba két thi a bao ti? a a2 os v2. 206 200 200 (Cau 17 (ID: 2133) Mot gen c6 chidu dai 5100 A va 06 3900 lién Két hidr®, $6 lugng ting logi ruled. gon nl rn ALA=T=900,6=X= 60 C.A=T= 600, 6=X= 900. (Cau 18 (ID: 31246) Mot gen c6 ting s6 6144 lién két hidré. Trén mach mot cla gen ob $6 ‘nuclédtit loai A bang s6 nuclé6tit logi X, sé nuciédit loai G gép 3 ldn $6 nuclé6tt loai A, sé nuciédtit loai T gap 5 l4n s6 nucléétit logi X. Sé nuclédtit loaiG cla gen la ‘1024 3.763, 6.256, . 1280 ‘Cau 19 (ID: 31248) MOt gen cé khéi lurgng 384000 dvC. TI Ié nuclédtit loel A so voi sb ‘nuciéétit trén mach 1 [a 35%. Mach bd sung 06 120A. Sé ILrgng timng logi nuclédtit la gen bang AA=T= 566, G=X=72. BA=T=296,05X=344 C.A=T=72,6=X= 568. D.AaT=3t4,G=X= 206. (cau 20 (1D: 31250) Mot gon & sinh vat nhan thy 26 3800 ln Kéthidrd va ¢6 900 nucléOtt looi guanin, Mach 1 ela gen ob s6 nuclB6tt loai Adénin chiém 30% va sé nuclebtt oat Guanin chim 10% tng 86 nuclei cla mach. S6 nutaott ri log & mach 1 ca gen nay la ‘A.A=450,T= 150, G = 150,X=750. BLA=750,T = 180, G= 150, X= 150. C.A=450, T= 150, G=750,X= 150. _D.A= 150, T= 450, G= 750, X= 150. Bip an (aT oa] s-alee [5-8] 60] 7-0] 0-0] 9-0] 10-A} (Ciea[i2-8 | 13-a[ 14-0 15-0] 16-4 | t7-c | 18-a| 19-D | 20-0) @@ Cd cué DI TRUYEN RAE Ture TRONG TAM B+. Nan g6iADN + Tha gian in ra Pha S cia ki vung gin. * No dy ra Nha d6i ADN cin rata vi tf mang gen. + Did bién 'Nhiin 6 ADN ign ra theo 3 gia doen: Giai dogn 1: Théo xodn phan tADN. Enzim théo xodn phan ti ADN, c&t act cc lén két hide, lam 2mach don cba phan {ADN téch nnau ra, —hinh thénh chac cho’Y, 2 chee ta ban tao tanh 1 don vi tl ban, Mat s6 prottin bém vo 2 mach don cia |ADN, ngan cén sy bat cép va déng xodn, Gal dogn 2: Téng hop mach ADN mt Enzi ARN pélimeraza tng hop coan mb Enzim ADN pOlimeraza lép rép cfc ucl€dtt ty do ca moi rng n6i bao, tBng hop mach méi theo chidu 5° - 3%, theo NBs. ‘ADN nhén 661 In, mo trusng cung ofp: Tyoxmy V2 2QUOE ll X sone V8 NQUET ll Enzim théo xoén Prottin duy tt ADN. & trang thal théo x08n. TBS thé hign trong nhan 461 ADNY Ally do ten két voi T mech knuon va sgv9e la G ty do len két voi X mech Khuén va gue taas ana RUA ca ce s ‘Tran mot chao chor Y Mach khu6n cf chibu 5 ~ Buse 2, Enzim ARN pblimeraza ting hop mai a doan ARN ngén eaius. Bude Enim ADN ptimeraza tbng hop mech mi gén Goan, —Z ‘ao thanh ode doan Okazaki. ’ Mach khudn 06 chibu 3'- ut 1. Enzim thao xodn Buse 3, Enzim ADN poimeraz: t8ng hop mach mét ign tye thec chibus'- 3. Buse2, Enzim ARN polimeraze ‘8ng hep mB! doqn ARN agin Bude 4. Enzin igaza néi_ 5 cic: doan Okazaki fal v6 ‘hau. - 0 sinh vat aban so, ch 06 1 don vi tl ban. = O sinh vatnén thy, of nid dom bn Giai doan 3: Kt thic Mach méi oda ADN ting hop xong sé odin a ‘Tur mot ADN me ban du tao ra 2 phan 1H ADN con giéng het nhau va giéng het ADN me. + Ket qua ‘Tur mt phan t ADN ban dau, qua 1l8n ‘nhn dBi tg0 ra 2 phan tir ADN con giéng rinau va ging hét ADN me. [ADN con tg0 ra c6 11 mach cd cla ADN me vat mech ting hop mat tir gyn gu ‘cba moi tnrémg n9i bao (bén bdo toa). = Trong cée ADN con lun c6 2 ADN mang mach c0 ea ADN me. @ |] —vovee o—™“ ste wwoponon | [asa Gain tnatae SS 2 Phign ma = Kodi nign Phién ma la qué trinh tng hop MARN A mech won ADN = Not xy ra Phién ma @ sinh vat nhan thy dién ra trong nh 6 bao. Ngodira gen tong ith® vatlclap cag xy ra pién ma + Din bién Endim ARN pelimeraza bam vo ving ming pinnioh__ oman ant a aay tea arn =e eSCS MO Rana tt cy D4. ich ma Bue Djch ma la qué tinh tng hep prota, ibn ra trong t& bao chét. Qué tinh dich ma chia tharnh 2 gia doan: + Hoat héa axit amin im, Axttamin Attanin are 2g Astamin enzim | Phic hop gat +taRN Sy SaHARN + Téng hop chu palipepit Bute 1: Me du, Tidu don vj bé eta rboxém gn voi 'MARN & vi tr nhgn bit chi 2 ba a6i ma cla phic hop mé du ‘Met-tARN bd sung chinh xc v6i cédon més WG THUC TINH MHA ‘Xét x6 bao, nhn dBi kin: ‘SB ADN con tgo ra =x. 2 'S6 ADN méi hoan toan = x. (2-2) tne ts (mmf Pom aa ot se oeeme | oem | | rte e oat GOO coca on 2S —hanomcore oui a 57 og tena ‘nmin See via Tiong & gen, gan A arp 200 Ln. Bib hba tne phién ma 56 eng ribdxémtrugt tn 1 mARN. = Bibu ha deh ma "guy iu rd tng aang cp cho pin me ‘Nguyén iu mel bmg cung cp cho nan ct Now =. (2 =1) Aa = Tam (2=1)=T. (2-1) Gua = Xan =G. @ “=X. G1) %G= vox EES “ae ‘S69 ba tren mARN N a Dest @ ‘86 ax ain org chudi palipepit haan chinh N Mpea-2 axibes¥ NaN ’ Cian atts “HBGRR) cc ona Ba tae S Dang 1: 58 ADN, ARN, protéin durgc tao thanh, Bai todn 1: Cho bit 96 In nhan 66), phn m8, dch ma, xée dinh #6 kvong ADN, ARN, rotin duoc to thi, 4. Phurong phép gil Vid: Mot phan tr ADN tién nh nan 4013 Bn. SBADN oon éurge hin than ka acs Wee Crk D.12, Hung din Bude 1Xéc dn senna prién mach Gen tién han nn 663 ln, ma. ‘Buée2:Tinh sSADN, ARN, prin dugctgore. SB ADN con tgo ra la = 2° 8 (ADN con). 2.Viduminh hoe Chon ¢ at ne tin 2 A Huéng dfn Gen nhan dois lan ~+ Sé gen con tgo ra a: 2° (Céc gen con phién ma 3 Ian -+ S6 ARN ate go ra la: 32. = Chon c = 96 (ARN). a ARN hi len Tr mBUARN G40 ribbing hod) alipepit lrg tbng hop i” a8 $8.50. ots. D. 10. Huéng din 4 riboxém trot qua 1 mARN téng hop duge 1 chuéi paipeptit + Sé chubi polpeptt duge tng hop trong qua tinh tn a: 5.4 = Chen B 3. Bai tip ty yen, (Cau 4 (1D: 31266) Mot gen nhan di 3 lan, cde gon con tgo ra ién han phién mA § ln, t8ng 6 ARN duge tao ra tr qué tinh tren 8 50 (chub. AMs. B64, es, D.40.(ASEM RUM ien rs cy oa (Cau 2 iD: 31256) Mgt gen nh dl 3 Ibn, cc gen con tgo ra tin hanh phn mi 5 In tao ra ARN. MBi mARN o6 2 riboxém trot qua tién hanh dich ma, Téng s6 chu polpeptt duo 490 ra tr qua rin én lb A.80. B15, ©.10 30. Cau 3 (ID: 8179) Mot phan tz ADN nhan ai lén tiép 5 ln, $6 mach pOlinudlestt duge tao +a bao nhieu? A128. B16. 64. D.32. ip an GD AT 3-0) Bai ton 2: Xe dinh ADN to ra qua dng vi phéng x9, 41. Phuomg php al Mot phn tir ADN nindn i Kin, s6 ADN ‘Vi dy: Mot ph tr ADN & vang nhan con tao ral 2 cia vi kun E.coli chi chira N phéng Trong 06: a. Nu chuyén nihding vi khudn nay 2ADN mang 1 mach cia ADN ban du. ‘sang mi rung chi cé Nth sau 2 ln 2-2 ADN mang hodn toan nguyén GU nFan d6i sé tgo ra bao nhiéu phn ti ha mal tty. [ADN 6 ving nhan hon toan chiza NY? AQ BA C.D. Hugng dn [ADN me cht dng vi phéng xa N*. Mai trating cht 06 N™ ‘Té bao nhan adi 2 lan, Ta c6 so ad eats ( Powel Poh WAH SSOADN ving nha chia hoa tofn Na 2-2= 2(ADN). + Shon AHugng dn 'S6 ADN con & ving nh chi choa N® 8:27 Chon A saing sin (Cac ADN con t90,r8 06 2 loa: ADN chi chia N* cia mdi trutmng, va ADN chia c& Nv N° khong o6 ADN chi choa N™ + Chen D 8. Bal tap ty lyen (Cau 1 (ID: 31266) Phan tr ADN & ving nhan cia vi khun E. coll chi chia N phéng xa. 'N&u chuyén nang vi Khun. col nay sang moi redng chi c6 N* thi mbit bao vi khudn E. cally sau 9 lan nn 46 $8 teo ra bao nbigu phan ti ADN & ving nhén hoan toan choa Ni? A510. 8.254, 126. D512, (Cau2 (ID: 31259) Phan tir ADN & ving nhdn eda vi khuan E. col chi chika N'* phéng x. [Nu chuyén nihfng vi khun ny sang m6i tuéng chicé N* thi méité bao sau 5 lin nha {61 $6 tao ra bao nhiéu phan tir ADN & ving nha hod toan chia N12 32, 8.30 6.18. 0.0. (Cu 3 1D: 31260) Nguoi ta dann déu ADN cia mot i bao vi khuan bling GBng vi phéng 1@ N sau 0 nud ey trong moi tudng chichia N, Sau kh bo nay nguy@n phan 3 in, ngudita chuyén tt cd t8 bBo con sang mdi tubing chia N' cho tip tue nguyén phan them 2 ln. C6 bao nhiéu té bao con ch cé dng vi N trong ADN? A. B12 6.18, D.30, une pap an (ea [2b | 8-0) ®DS Dang 2: Bai todn v8 nguyén liu mai trxéng cung cp Bal tosn 4: Xéc dinh nguyén ligu mdi truting cung cp cho nhén déi,phién ma, dich ma, 4. Phucng phap gil Vi dy: Mot gen 6 chidu dai 1a 52708. Gen nhan doi 5 lan, s6 nucistit moi truimg on cung cp cho qué trinh nh ddicda gen 46 18 Huéng dn Bude 1: Xéc dinh s6 nucéatit cia gen. TBng s6 nuctestt trén gon a 5270 NSP. 2s100(rueben) ‘Buéc 2: Xéc dinh 6 lin nhén 66i, phién Gon nhan 4015 lin. ma, dich ma. ‘Bude 3 Sir dung cong tha v8 nguyén liu 6 nucl8btit moi trv’ng cung cp cho gen, mdi trong cung odp, xdc-dinh yéu cu bai nhan 40118 ton, Nps = Ny (2= 1) = 3100 . (2-1) = 96100 (nuclei). 2. Vidy minh hoa \Vidy 4: Mot gen 06 180 chu ki xoln v8.G = 20%. Kh gen nin 00 én dp 31a, Cdn ‘m@i tong ndi bao cung cp sb lugng nucle6tt thude mB! loa la Huéng dn ‘Tang 86 nucieatt trén gen la: N = 150 x 20 = 2000 inuclebt. G=X=20% = 600 nu —+A=T = 30% = 900 (nuclsti, Gen nan dt In, moi truémg np bo cung cp s5 nucitit mi ogi a: ee ™ Tye =AX (21) = 800 x (2-1) = 6300 (rut. Go =X, = Gx (2 1) = 600 x (2-1) = 4200 (nucleo Chen A “© Vid 2: Mot gen cia sinh vt han the eb 2908 ln Kl péiphodieste gia ese mucld- {tv 3600 lin kBt hers Gen én hanh nha doi mot él, tt c& 6 32 cnuBi poinuleot ‘Sénuclebit ogi Ami rng cung Ap cho qua trnh én A, 9000, 13500. ©. 9600. . 14400. ®7 Chuong 1; Di truyén hoc Huéng din Tang s6 nuciott ola gn la: N = 2998 + 2= 3000 (nucleo). = 900 (nu) 32 chubi polinucl66tit = 16 gen = 2 —- Gen nhin 6d 4 ln. ‘$6 nucl66titloal Amol trubng cung ofp cho qua tinh trén a: Asus Tree 900.(2- 1) = 13500 (nuctB6ti. tna 2055p = 760.00 = 48, ign két vA trén mach ma gc nn rU = A= 450. Matikhde T, = 450= A, + Mach 2 la mach ma ge. ‘Mach 218 mach gfe nén sé nucleo ma tug cung op cho phién ma bang s6 nucleott tein mach 4 (hay T bing U) ‘86 nuci6t tig lo ml turd cung cép cho phign mala G=750. 14% = 105, U= 450, X= 45,A= 150 Chenae 3. Bai ap te uyen (cau 1 (0: 30968) Metco th thy vt lng bi céb# NST 2n = 14. Mgt bao sinh dutng ‘m6 phan sinh ci ea thé nay tén hanh nguyén pn ign tiép mot 6 an to ra.256 8 bao ‘eon. $6 lan nguyén phan tr 18 bao ban dau va s6phan tir ADN age t8ng hep mi hoan ‘oan tty nguyén ligu do méi truéng nd bao cung ods la Asvassss, —B.8 v8 3583. c.7va3s70. 7 va254 ‘Cau 2 (1D: 30969) Mt gon cb chibu dai 5100A, ¢6 86 nucitt logi AdBrin bang 273 66 ‘nuci8it oai Guarin, Khi gen nay ty nhn 46 met bn, s6 nuclebtt mai loa ma ma rude .n@i bao cung cp la: AA=T=900, 600. ©.A=T = 400,G=X= 800 (68u3 (10: 30971) Kh gen thyc hign 5 lin nhiin di s6 gen con du chu tao hod tn tr guy liu do mi wg no bao cung cp la Ast B. 90. 32 0.16. (C8u4 (1: 30972) Tong mot phan tir ADN 6 kh inong phan tila 7,2.108 6vG, & mach + 6A, +7, = 60% 56 mucleotitcda mach. Néu phan ti ADN not tn yan iS ln th 6 gn tig lal nuclei mol trxbng cung cpl Ag = T= 22820, X, = 6, 14880. ©.A,=T,,= 18600, X,,= 6, (cau 5 (1D: 30973) Trong mt phn tir ADN o6 Kb! Lrong phan tla 7,2.10°avC. Nu phn {i ADN néi tn te nndn 6613 Hn, cd ADN con tao atién anh phign mai 2 ln thi 96 eng ‘uci m6 rudng cung ep cho cd qué tinh trénk ‘A. 36000, B. 16800 ©. 2400 . 1440. oipin cA] R-B[S-B [UA [EA)eg aaa ats Bai todn 2: Cho nguyén liu moi trrémg cung cip, x4e dinh cfu tric gen, mARN. 1. Phuong phép ii (Cha Ste dyng ee cbng thc vb nquyéin Kgu él trubng cung cp. [Bube 1: Xée inh nguyen igu mol truemg cong cép. ‘BuGe 2: Xéc dinh s6 JBn nan dk, pién ma, dich ma. Bute 3: Sir dyng céng tho & bai toan 1 voi an s6 la thanh phan nucigott tn mARN, gen, 2.Vidy minh hoa ‘Vid 4’ Met gen 6 sith vat nde ‘A.A=T=800, == 900. GAs T= 1800, 6 =x = 600 ‘$6 nucléoit mBilogl cia gen trén la: = Chon ‘Vi dy: Mot gen & sinh vat nhin so” nihan d6i 2 lan cén ml truémg cung c&p tt c& 3600 nucleotit ty do. $6 nucléott cola gen 1 ‘A120. 8. 900. Huéng dén Moi tung cung cp 3600 nuclaaut iy do. ¢. 2400, D, 1800. Gen nhan 4612 Ibn, 6 nuclooiteda gen ban abu ta: Nao _ 3800 e Nas = Sere = 1200(0u) + Chon A, ern din edn moitrzong un opie 5600, uct oa! Ave 2100 puedi ete Shirl ea dapat ior c = 800 (nucieoi. 300 (nucl6ott). ‘Wr tn ear ti tink fe ib a cn lig ein Sp te £4 2100 ribonucl8Ott ty do. Sé-nucB6tt Ca gen tren i ‘A.600, 8 1400, 300. D780. Hung din ‘Sb nuclébtt cba gen tenia N,, = New 2 2102 2. s4n0(nucieoti k + Chon 8‘Vi u 3: Mot gen khi thye hign phién ma d0i hai mai trong cung efp ribonucliit cde logl: A = 400, U = 360, G = 120, x = 240. Sé lvgng timg logi nucl6Ott oda gen ting hep én mARN tél: AA= 400, T= 360, G = 120,X= 240. B.T= 960, A= 400, X= 120, G = 240, G.A=T= 760, G=X=360. D.A=T= 180, G=X=380, Huéng dn Gen phién ma oni str dung mach mai g6c lam Khubn. Sé ribénucl8otit m6tloal mol trwtng ccung cép chinh bing #6 nucle6tttrén mach bé surg cda gen. + Sb nucléatt mdi ogi trén gen trén la: ‘A+ U, = 400 + 360 = 760 (nucleot). G=X=G, +X, = 120+ 240 = 360 (nucidoti). = Chon C ‘Vi du 4: ©'sian vat nhan 80, tong qua trinh tng hop prtain tv Knube mBu cla mot phan tr 'mARN 68 cd 899 phan ti YARN mang cc axit amin aéntham gia dich ma tng hyp nén chub polipeptt. Gen mang thing tin ou tric cd chub poipepit nin ob chibu da A9169,8A, 8.90604. 6.31804, D. 18360 A. Huéng dr ‘86 b@ ba trén mARN tng hop nén chubi potipeptt itn i: 699 + 1 = 9006 ba. = Sé ribénucltit trén mARN la: 900 . 3 = 2700 (ibénucteati). CChibu dai cla gen m& ha chubi pBlipeptt trén chin bang chiBu dai ca phan tir MARN. + Chidu dai da gen trén a: 2700 . 3,4 = 9180 (A), = Chon C 3. Baltpty lyn (Cau 1 (ID: 30974) Mot gon thychign 2 lan s20 ma ds di hi mot tudng cung cdpribonuctit clog! A= 400, U = 360, G = 240, X = 480. Tinh s6 luong tig logi nuciedtit cla gen. A.A=T=760, 0. B.A= 360, T= 400, X= 240, G = 480. C.A=T=380, 0. D.T = 200, A= 180, X= 120, G = 240. (©8u2 (ID: 30975) Met gen vi khuan E. col e6 chibu dai 4080 A va o6 téng hai lol nuctit bing 40% s6 nucl8tit cla gen. Khi gen phién mé tgo ra 1 phan ti mARN cn mdi trydmg i bao cung cp 540G va 120A. Sé Iugng hai ogi nuclBdtit cbn lal cia ARN la: ‘A. 240X va 300U. B. 360X va 1800. ©. 300X va 2406. D.360U va 180X. (Cau 3 (ID: 30976) Mt mARN trutng tharih © chia di 0,408 micromet én hanh dich ma. 86 axit amin tham gia vao qua tinh dich ma la A.390. B. 799, 6.398. 400. C4CALE Ace ey cu 4 (0: 90977) Met. gen 6 150 chu Kt x08, od sb ruclB6tt opi G bing & 26 nuclei ogi A. Trén mach 1 cla gen 6 s6 nucléétitlogiT chiém 30% so vei sb nuclédtit cia mach. Gen phién ma mot sé lan, méi truéng ndi bao cung cép 1200 nucledtit loal A. Ty 1@ phan tram $6 nuclédtit loal A@ mach ma géc ca gen trén la A. 10% 8.30%. 40% D. 18%. dipan Ge [2-0 [SA [-8) Bal ton 3: Xdc anh s6 lan nhn db, phién ma, dich ma cha gen, mARN. 41. Phuong php gia Tuomg ty bal oan 2, thay &n sé la 66 lan nhan a6, phién ma, dich ma. 2. VIdy minh hoa ‘ild'42 CB phn kr ADN iu nbn dim 96 te Sana nau 68 ing bon mack polinuclestit mii lay paguyén ligu-hoan can tir mol eng 6) bo, Hugng din ‘8 phan tir ADN nha déi, trong s6 ADN tgo ra 05 16 mach ADN Ia cla ADN ban déu = Téng 66 ADN con ao tat: S* 1254 (han ty Taos: 8A=4k=3, = chon ‘Vid 2: Mit phn i ADN c6 Shi8u dai 4080, va cd/A’= 26" Phan tWADN nay nha db) ibn tiép mot 66 ln, S6 nucieétit loal A ma moi truong cung cp cho qua trinh nhan ture $690 nowt. bn nnn BM ry “ eee Hung din 4080 ASS 2 = 24go(auieot) A= 2G +N=2A+2G=4G + 2G = 2400+ G = 400 A= 800, ‘Ting s6 nucteouit ca gen i N ‘86 bn nhln cia gen: 5600 = Aye «(2 1) = Chon BCAS ahaa Suu Mia x ‘Vid 0: Met phan tir mARN 6/100 nuciéotl. mARN én han dich ma, c6 mot 96 ribexém cling trrgt qua, TEng 86 axit amin moi truémg cung cép cho qué tinh trén la 2498 axit amin. Sb ribéxém trugt qua phan tir mARN trén 8.10. ce. D.4, AS. Huéng din ‘sé xt amin clin c6 68 ting hop 1 chubi polpeptit tr mARN Wn 1500 :3 1 = 499 (dt amin), + 86 rboxé trugt qua phn ty MARN tn Ia: 2495 : 499 = 5 (rib6x6r). + Chon A 3, Bai tp ty luyén (0au 1 (1D: 31915) 06 4 phan tr ADN ty nhan 461 mot s6 dn bing nhau da téng hep doe +120 mach nuclei méi ly nguyén ligu hod tod tr mB udm néi bao. Sé ln ty aha doi ‘cia mi phan tr ADN trén Ia re ca, DS. ‘Cau 2 (1D: 31947) Mt phan tir ADN 66 chibu di 4280 A veo A= 20%. $6 nucle loal G ‘ma mai ruéng cung cp cho qui trinh nha d6i cia ADN la 5040 nucl6Ot. S In nhan di (cia ADN nay a2, B3 cs, D4. ‘Cau 3 (1D: 31918) Ba phan ti MARN édu cd chitu dai 408 nm. Cac phan tir MARN tién hhanh gich ma, 06 mot s6ribdxdm cing tugt qua ARN v6i s6 lin nu nhau. Téng 86 axit ‘amin ml truéng cung c&p cho qué tinh tn 18 11970 axit amin. $b rbdxOm trugt qua méi phan ti MARN ten 1 AS B.6. c.10. Da, is én = 28 a0) “Ya 42> BA TAP TONG HOP. ‘cau 1 (1: 30978) Ki ni vb qu in tl Ban ADN, nh nh no sau day a Kedng ding? ‘AO th bao nan thy mech moi hinh than theo chia 8 - " @ han go th ty 3-5 BO ca t6 bao nhan thy va nhan so, mach met abu hinh thanh theo chibu 5'~ 3°. . O-vikhudn, kh ADN ving ty sao thi o6 mét don vital ban, . 6 t8 bao nhan thye 06 nhiu aiBm sao chép cing lc én 1 ADN, ‘Cau 2 (10: 30978) Trong qua tinh nhdn 461 ADN, vl sao ten mal chac tan ob mot mach ‘duge téng hop ign tue cdn mach kia dugc tng hep gidn doan? ‘A.Vi enzim ADN pélimeraza chi t8ng hgp mack mi thea chibu S'—» 3 B. Vi enzim ADN pélimeraza chi tac dung 'én mt mach. ®we N itn ae cts CC. Vienzim ADN potimeraza ch tac dung lén mach khuén 3-5 D. Vienzim ADN plimeraza ch tac dung lén mach khuén 5'—+ 3. (Cu 3 1D: 20980) Khi noi vé qua rin nn 661ADN (tal bin ADN) & té bao nh thre, phat bidu nao sau déy ld kong ating? ‘A. Trong qua tinh nha di ADN, enzim nbiligaza chi téc Ong len mat trong hal mach {dam méi duge t8ng hop tie mot phan ti ADN me. 'B. Syrnhan d6i ADN xa ra & nhidu aim trorg mi phan tr ADN tgo ra nhiéu dan vinhan 01 (dom v ta ban). (C Tron qu inh rian 2/ADN,erzim ADN polrneraza king tham gato on phn ADN. D. Trong qua inh nn 481 ADN, ob sy ln kétbé sung gida A vor, G ver X va nguoe ll. (Cau 4 (1D: 30981) Kh n6i vb qua tinh nhan di ADN, nhng phat bibu nao sau dy sal? (1) Qué trinh nhén 481 ADN dln ra theo nguyén tc bé sung va ban bao toan, (2) Qua tinh nhén 46% ADN bao git cng din ra dng thé voi qua tinh phn mi. (@) Trén cd hai mach Khuén, ADN pOlimeraza déu di chuyén theo chidu 8'- 3° dB tng hop ‘mach mei theo chidu 3'~ 5. (4) Trong mi phan tir ADN duge to thanh thlm6t mach ta moi due tBng hop, cdn mach ka 1 cla ADN ban du. A.(1), (4). (0.0). 6.02), D.@),(3). ‘Cau 5 (1D: 30982) Kt néi v8 s6 lin nhén a6 va sb lan phn ma ca céc gen & mat té BAO hain thy, trong truéng hop Khong cd 66 bir, phat iu ndo sau day la ing? ‘A. Cée gen iin de nism sc thé khdc nhau cé s6 lin nhan dor bang nhau va sé lan pin ma thung kd nau BB. Céc gen ndm trén cing mt nhi&m sc hé ob s6 lin nhan di Khée nhau va sé Ian phién mé thudng khéc nhau. . Céc gen trén ce nhiim ede thé Khe nhau ob s6 lan nhén 461 Khac nhau va 6 lin phin mi thudng khéc nau 1D. Cao gen nm trong mot té bao o6 sé lan nhan abi bang nhau va sé In phién ma bang nhau. (Cau 6 (10: 30983) Cho cdc théng tin sau day: (1) MARN sau phién ma dug tye tgp dng lam khudn 48 ting hop prét8in. (2) Ki rbxom tgp xc voi ma Kt thi trén mARN thi qu trinh deh ma han tt () Nea mgt enim dc iu, axt amin més du cage cSt kha chubi pope vir ting hop. (4) mARN sau phién mé duge c&t bd inttn, n6i ede @xdn lal vei nha thanh mARN trvéng tanh (Cécthdng tn vb sy hin ma va cich ma ding v6t a t6 bao nhan thc va té bao nn so ka A.(1)va B. (2) va), ©. (2) va). D. (9) va (4). @UE RUS MMAR ce (cau 7 (iD: 312641) Mat éoan mach b8 sung cua rot gen & vi Khun E, clo tinh ty ce nueléstt nh sau ATT GXG XGA.GXX 3’ Qué trinh dch mai trén doan mARN do doan gen 16 tr pién mi clin lugt ec bg ba abi mé them gia ny sau ‘A. SUAAS, 5XGXS, SGXU3, 5XGG3,_B. SAUUS, SGXGE, SXGAS, IGS. C. SUAS, 3XGXS, IGXUS, SXGGS._. SAULUS, S'GXGI, SXGAI, SG0G. Cau 8 (1D: 31262) Polxom a I? ‘A.Trén mi phan tr mARN thurdng o6 mgt s6rboxom cling host dong trong qua tinh «ich ma gol polixdm. 'B. Tép hop ca rb@xdm 6 chu tric gidng nhau duge get polixdm. (C Riboxém tdu phn ton va ribéxbm tidu phan bé gn vei nna tao thanh poli, C10 rboxtm tregt qua trén 1 mARN duge go lt palm. (cau 8 (1D: 31263) Dui day 66 bao nhidu kb lun sal kh noi vB qua trinh dich ma? (1) & tren mgt phan tt MARN, ede rb8xBm Khde nhau tén hanh doe ma tir cde ibm Ke nhav, mB dil doe dc hidu voi mat lal riboxem. (2) Qué trinh dich ma din ra theo nguyén te bB sung, nguyén técb sung duvet ign lira bo ba a6 ma cba {ARN vibe ba ma ha trén MARN. (@) Céc rboxém trapt theo tim bo ba & trén mARN theo chidu ti 5° Gn 3 tbo ba mer .

NHIEM Sic THE SBE ev twuvér Tron tin D1. Nhidm sc thd a gi? ‘Thao w ihudn Nhiém sdothd (NST) a vat chdt of tuyen 6 lp a9 16 bao, bj bit mau bing thube ‘hug kidm tinh, 66 s4 lugng, hinh dang, ich hue, eu ts 6 tung cho la ow ret a sinh vat nnn s0, Bit bo chi cha + phn tis ADN tren, vong, kép, chua o Cu trde NST 8K gla cfu trde NST 6i8n hinh nw & sinh vata. qué trnn phan bao nian thy O sinh vat nan thye, NST 06 edu tte in hinh, 6 s6 long va hinh dang dc K fr fel trang, duge quan st Slt Kl gia cba $b rly tots bap 00 qué tinh phan bao. iit i aS “rong 6 NST mil fal thug 06 Went + NST thudng: Gdm nhidu c@p NST, Pts & thud i aithanh ng cp wong sr, Sah ete ont of 18) cp gdm hai chide gidng het nhau v8 86 NSTé ngus hin dang, kich thuée. Mot chiéc c6 ngubn 96c tr b8, mot 6 ngudn abc tr me. + NST ii tinh: Thug gdm mgt Bp INST, 06 thé tn tai thanh cp trong dng (004) hae khong (XY, XO), © gua: Nam XY, nO 2%. Cio cio, chau chdu: XO dye, XX cai Thin in: XO fi, XX dye. Chim, bum, b6 sat... XX dye, XY ea © nuts 2n = 46. Rubi gid: 2 Ds Ha Lan: 2n = 14 Bd NST age trung cis lodi ki higu la 2n. e@vila NST ‘Clu trie hidn vi cla NST duge quan sét rOnhdt Ki gia cla qué tinh phn bdo, Kh INST co xo8n ove dl, MBi NST c6 3 inh ty ac bigt + Ti dng vit in kt v6 thet phan bao ilp cho NST 05 8 ci chuydn v8 2 oye ola tébio, + bu mit 6 tac dung bdo ve nim so thd va lam cho cdc NST knéng bi dinh vao hau + Trinh ty Rnd Gu nna 6) AD: la ‘ing sig ma & 46 ADN bt du nhan ai Hinh thai NST bién oi qua cc ki cla qu tinh phan bao. SD 5. Cav tre sou hién viola NST INST durge cfu tao ti 1 phan tt ADN vat protein histén, Bon vi cdu tg0 co ban cla ADN 1a ‘nucléoxém, gbm cé 8 phan tir prbtein histén doe quén quanh bér 43. vang AON. + Mite xodn 1+ sgl co ban: Chubi ‘huclééxém ndi lai vi nhau bing mot doan ‘ADN ve mot phan ti prot hist. + Mic xodn 2- sql nhiém séc: Soi ‘him sé do sgi co ban cuon xodn, + Mic xodin 3- si sidu xodn: Sol nhiém se duge cugn xofn dn nifa tao nén cfu tric si6u xodn, * Crématit Soi siéu x08n tibp tye xoén ‘go én crématt, 4. Chie nang cla NST INST la vat chét dl tuyén cp tb bao c& Chie nang iwu tro, béo quén, truyén dat théng tn di truydn qua céc thé ha tba. ip t8 bao phan chia dBu vat chat vao ‘été bao con trong phn bao. Au mat Tam dong Cremaiit Protin histon Nuclé6xim Mae xoén 1 t1nm Mie xo8n 2 301m —— Yb Croat w 700 nm, Mie xo8n 3: 300 amCe AULA a if D5. Blén adi minh thal NST qua oAc ki ca quatinh phan bao 1 trung gian: NST gian xoin ewe dal, [ADN nhan dol -» NST kép. Ki du: NST kép bat du co xo8n, 0 gla: NST kép co xodin oye dal hinh thai NST quan sat rO nh&t & ki nay. Cae NST tap trung tal mat phéng xich dgo cia ‘thoi phn bio. ‘Tong nguyén phan va gldm phan 2, cc NST kép xép than ¢ hang. ‘Trong giém phan |, céc NST kép xép ‘thanh 2 hang. Kia Ki gia Nguyéa phan iam phan Ki sau: NST phan li vé 2 cye cia that phan bao. Nguyen phan Glam phan “puane2iy BAI TAP TU LUYEN (Cu 1 (1D: 70) Bom vi chu tao ox ban cba nhiém sic tn ta ‘Acnuclédxém. —_B. polixm. .nucteoit D.sgice ban, (Cu 2 (1D: 74) Trinh ty nucl86t Gc bit trong ADN ca NST, la vit ién két voi tho! phn bao doe gol la Atm d6ng, B.co thi ofp. , du mit Dim khi @Bu nha di (cau 3 (ID: 11) Phan ti ADN of chibu dai gdp nhibu lin so véi dung kinh té bao, nhung ‘vn dug xép gon trong nhan vi ‘A. dung kinh ca ADN r&t ahd. BLADN duge ct tnanh nhibu doan. €. ADN duge déng xodn 6 nhidu eép 6. _D.ADN duge néniai hanh nha con. °r er a AY i ae (Cau 4 (1D: 117) Bi ei no sau dy khdng ding kind v ahi sé thé & sinh vat nhan so? ‘A. Cu tg0 ts ADN va protein histon. 'B. Vat chat cl truyén la ADN trdn, khong lin kt v6i préteinhiston (C.ADN mach xo8n kép, dang ving, D. Chua 06 efu trie NST aién hinh, (Cau (1D: 121) Trong qua tinh nguyén phan, tal nhOng ki nao NST trang thal bp? A. Ki ita, Ki sau B. Ki sau, ki cui . Cubi Ki trung gian, ki du, ki gia. D.Kiadu, ki gid, (C&u 6 (1D; 123) Trong ca phat bibu sau, cé bao nhiéu phét bibu ding khi ndi v8 NST gidi tinh & dong vat? (1) NST gi tinh chi 6 & t6 bao sinh dye. (2) © 96% ave cp NST gi tink 1a XY, & git cia XX. () Hop tir mang cp NST gis tinh XY lu6n phat tin thanh co th8 duc. (4) NST gigi tinh chi chia cdc gen quy ainh tinh trang git tinh, (6) NST gi tinh thé bj abt bién vé cu tre va's6 kvgng NST. At 8.2. e3 Dea. (C8u 7 (ID: 126) Quan sat nhieu té bao sinh dutng cia chau chu dui kinh hidn vi vao ki gia cba qua trinh phan bao, ngut ta théy cc if bBo chi 06 23 NST. Két lugn nao la ting ‘nhdt v8 cd thé mang 23 NST nol ren? ‘A. 8618 chau chau diye do NST gigi tinh ci 6 mot chige. 'B. 8618 chau chu ci do NST gigi tinh chi eb mét chic. . 6 8 chau chéu dic do 60tbién lam mati mot ofp NST. D. Co thé la chau chau aye hode chau chdu céi bj age bidn mt mgt NST. (C8u 8 (1D: 128) Trong eée phat bidu du6i day, 6 bao nhi6u phat biéu khong Gting Khi noi v8 NST eda sinh vat han thre? (1) $6 twong vat kich thude ctia NST trong bp NST phan anh mabe 46 tién héa cia lai (2) Mi oai mang mot bp NST de trung vé sé lugng, hinh dang va c&u tric. (@) Kich thuéc od NST trong bp NST 16 thud véikich thud cia co thé sinh vat. (4) NST gi6 tinh chi 0 & t8 bao sinh dye, kneng 66 & t8 bao sinh dutng. a2 8.3. cA D1. (Cau 9 (1D: 135) Trong ki du cba nguyén phan, cic NST ‘A. dbu 6 trang thal dom, co xo, BB. mét s6 & trang thal don, mot a6 trang tha ké. . du 6 trang thai kep. D. du 6 trang thai don, dn xoén. ip an (=A [2-a [ac] 4-a [6-0 [e-a]7-b [8-8] 9-6)aa @ DOT BIEN CAU TRUC NHIEM SAC THE ‘hn (> wy TuvEr TRoNe TAM D1 Khai nem ‘BQt bin cfu tc NST la nhémng bibn abi ‘wong edu tric NST, thy chét day la sy sp xp ll tinh ty ofc gen va thay adi inh dang va cu tric NST. Tac nhdn gBy dot bidn cu tre NST ob thd la tac nha vat, nda he, sinh hoe, SP 2. che dang dot bin cfu trae NST + Mat éoan Mat doan NST la mét di 1 doan NST, gearre CChuyén dogn tong hd kGng can anata aanEen ee! Chay doan twong hB cn, bbe e8 mass eee wiSESE, —— quaesane Vi dy: Chuyn doen Robertson & wegn QUD — loi gud ®TCU UM Lae rc) ve ‘SPRANZ) wa TAP Ty LEN ‘C&u 4 (1D: 8685) 99 bién lam ting cudng ham luyng amyiaza & Dei mach thube dang ‘A. mat doan, B. lap Goan, C80 doan. D. chuyén doan 2 (1D: 8886) Loai at bién chu trie NST kndng &m thay di am lugng ADN trén NST la ‘A lip doan, mat doan, B. dio Goan, chuyBn dogn tn cing 1 NST. Cc. mét doan, chuyén doan. .19p doan, chuyn dogn trén cing 1 NST. Cau 3 (1D: 8888) Trao dBi doan khOng can gid 2 cromatit trong cép twong ding gay hign tweng ‘A.chuyén doan. _B.lp dogn, mit doan. do doan. D. hodin vi gen. cau 4 (ID: 8890) © ngue, nhimng ben, hdl ching nao sau day isn quan cén age bién cfu two NST? ‘A. Ben ing khée méo kéu, bénh hing cu hinh lwo ibm. BB. Bgnh ung thu mau tinh, hol ching tiéng ndo ke. . Bénh mau khé dong va hoi ching Tacno. . Bénh bach tang, hgi ching Bao. (cau 5 (ID: 8896) Logi d6t bién céu tric NST nao sau day 05 thé lam cho gen tir nhém gen, lian két ny chuyén sang nhém gen lign Kétkhic? ‘A. Chuyba doan trong 1 NST. B. Lép éoan NST. CC. Chuyn dogn gia 2 NST khong twong dng, D. Bao dogn NST. ‘Cau 6 1D: 8900) Cc phat bidu nao sau day ding abi vi abt bién dio ¢oon NST: (1) Lam thay ai trinh ty phan bd gen trén NST. (2) Lam glam hod ting s6 lugng gen tren NST. (3) Lam thay 46i thanh phan gen trén nikém gen dot bién. (4) Co th kam glam kha ring sinh san cia that bin. A(1),@) B.(1).@). ©.(2). (4) D.(2), @). cau7 (1D: 6910) Cho NST €6 ofu tric va trinh ty gon nfw sau: ABCDEFGHIK, sau dot bién thanh ABCDGFEHIK, hau qua eda dang dot bién nay 18 ‘A. tng cudng hod gidm bot mar bidu hign cia tinh trang. BB. lim thay dBi nhém gen ign kbt. . gty chét hod gidm site séng, khOng ob khaindng sinh san. . anh hung dé host dong cia gen. e@(Cau 8 (1D: 8941) Met NST ban du 66 tinh ty cc gen I& ABCD'EFG., Sau khib a6 bin ‘huyén Goan khéng tuong hd, tinh ty cae gen trén NST cd thé 18 A.BCD"EFGH, B.HABCD’EFG. C.GABCD'ER. —_D. ABCDYEEFG. (Cau 9 (1D: 8915) So-ab minh hoa sau thude dang aot bién nao? ()ABCO*EFGH —+ ABGFE*DCH. (2)ABCD*EFGH — AD"EFGECH, ‘A. (1) chuyBn dogn khéng chiva tam 48ng, (2) chuyén dogn trong mot NST. 8B. (1) do doan chira tam dng, (2) chuyén doan trong 1 NST. ©. (1) ao oan chia am era (2) Bo doen King chia tem Bog 1D. (1) chuyn dogn chiza tam dng, (2) do doan chira tm ng. ‘Cau 10 (1D: 8916) Trong mot quain thé cay tréng, ngudi ta phat hign 1 NST c6 3 ‘dang khac nhau vé trinh ty cde doan: (W)ABCOEFGH——_@yaBcOGrEH (@)ABGDCFEH, ‘Biét ring qua trinh phat sinh ce deng chi xay ra mot dang d6t biét, Trinh ty phat sinh cc oan ny ib AM>2@B. B+). (1)+@)—2) oD. @) = 3) = (1). ‘Cau 11 (ID: 8922) Ca de duge cé 2n = 24. Cé mot thé adt bién, ‘tong 46 & mot chic cla NST 86 1 bi mét 1 doan, m6t chiéc oda NST s6 5 bi d4o 1 dosn, NST 88.3 durge lap 1 doan, khi giém phan néu cdc ep NST phan Ii binh throng va khong xy ra hoain vj thi giao tir bj d6t bién 88 C6 fie la ABT 2.16%, c.129% 25% ‘Cau 12 (1D: 8966) C6 3 nai rubi gidm, tr8n NST 86 3 c4 céc gen phan bé theo tinh ty sau; NO:ABCGFEDH, ——NBIZ:ABHIFGODE._Nol3:ABCGFIHDE. Biét rng ndi nay sinh ra ndi kde do d6t bién do Goan NST. ‘Hay xdc dinh mdi lién hé trong bOT BIEN SO LUGNG NHIEM SAC THE “Pha 1.) LY THUYET TRONG TAM ‘bgt bién s6 luong NST 1a nhong bién (Biv 86 tegng nhiém sfc thd xy ra & mot ode mot s6 cap NST twong ddng hoe xdy fa th od ofc ofp NST, chia am 2 dang: De 1. Hot bid lech boi: + Krai nig La nhting bién abi v8 sé kxong NST xdy 146 1 hode mot s6 cp NST. + Ce dang chinh ~Thb khong (2-2), = Tad mot 2n = 1}: mot cp NST bi mét 4 chide NST. Th ba (2n + 4): mot cep NST dtuge thém 1 chige NST. Th bn (2n-+2), = Tab ba kép (20-41 + 1) +o ché ‘Qt én lech bl xay a do r6i loan phan bao lam cho mot hoc mot s6 cp NST tung dng khnéng phan litrong gidm phan, tao ra cde giao ti tira hod thibu mot vai NST, ae giao tir nay két hyp vei gia tr binh thuéng hog lao i bt thurdng, to ra cde thd aot bin. e 1: Mat lodi o6 bp NST AABBDD Cac dang dot bigm xy ra: Thé mot: AABBD Thi khong: ABB Tab ba: AABBDOD ‘Td bén: AABBDDDD Tad ba kép: AABBBODDme CBR LR Hau qua, Gt bién 6 lugng NST lam mat cin bing ton hé gen, co th khong s6ng duoc hoge glam strc sting, glm kha ning sinh san, + Ygtia 186i v6itién he: cung cf nguyén Iu cho qué tinh tén héa. ‘B6i véi chon giéng: 66 thé si dung csc thé khdng 88 dua céc NST theo 7 muén ‘yao cy la £861 vei nghién cau al truyén hoe: sir dung cfc lech boi a8 xc dinhv trea gen ‘ren NST. SD 2. Bor bién oa boi + Khai nigm ‘BGt bin da bo 1a. dang at bin lam tng mét s6 nguyén Win bp NST don bei ba loal va kan hom 2n: 4, Gr. a th da I chin; Sn, Sn. thd dab 18, (©62 dang at bin da bo: “Ty da bot Ty da boi la b9 NST don bgi cia mee oai tang gBp bel lan hon 2 Corché hinh thann thé ae beh ‘Thé ty da bOI hinh than do bp NST ‘han di nhung do thot phan béo khéing hinh thant nén NST khong phan trong phan bao. Ty 6a bOI thutng duge tao thanh do tée dong cla ha chét conskin G98y cd tr sy hint than thoi phan bao Mét 36 h0i chitng & nguel e6 co ché 94y bent do apt bién sé lugng NST * HOi chang Bao: 3 NST #6 21, *Toena: XO. + Clalphento: Xx, + BX(6i0u nd): XOX + Etudt:3 NST s6 18, + Palau: SNST sé 13, ‘Thi tam 1G) ‘Th 5g Bn) ‘Tb wep Gn)