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MasterStroke Mains Mentorship 2022-23

The document provides details about a General Studies assignment for MasterStroke Mentorship Programme 2022-23. It contains 7 questions to be answered in about 150 words each. The questions cover topics like cave architecture in India, folk paintings, temple architecture, national security, forest conservation rules, seal level change, and floods in Himalayas. Students need to submit their answers in PDF format within 30 minutes of completion to the provided Telegram number and email ID. The assignment aims to test the students' understanding of Indian culture, art, architecture, environment and current affairs.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
292 views30 pages

MasterStroke Mains Mentorship 2022-23

The document provides details about a General Studies assignment for MasterStroke Mentorship Programme 2022-23. It contains 7 questions to be answered in about 150 words each. The questions cover topics like cave architecture in India, folk paintings, temple architecture, national security, forest conservation rules, seal level change, and floods in Himalayas. Students need to submit their answers in PDF format within 30 minutes of completion to the provided Telegram number and email ID. The assignment aims to test the students' understanding of Indian culture, art, architecture, environment and current affairs.

Uploaded by

Navish Kotwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MasterStroke

Mentorship Programme 2022-23


ANSWER STRUCTURE

NAME:

ROLL NO.:

Day 3 (16.07.2022)

General Studies
Time Duration: 1 Hour Total Marks: 70

INSTRUCTIONS
All Questions are compulsory
Answers to be written in English only
The content of the answer is more important than its length
(Answers to be written on the Answer Booklet or the Answer sheet format provided).
Upon finishing the assignment, kindly scan and create a pdf copy. Submit pdf copy, within
30 minutes of scheduled completion time, at both

Telegram number: +91-8899491974 &


Email ID: masterstrokementorship@gmail.com

Each Question carries same marks, answer to be written in around 150 words: 10×7=70 Marks

Q1. Trace the evolution of cave architecture in India with special reference to their design, nature

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and wall paintings.
Q2. With the help of examples, explain how Folk Paintings as an art form represent an array of
human beliefs and cultural diversity.
Q3. There are some common characteristics between Nagara and Dravida styles of temple

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architecture, both have significant differences as well. Explain
Q4. The national security of the country cannot be strengthened until we focus on intelligence
sharing and ensure greater coordination among agencies. Elaborate. Also, highlight the steps

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being taken by the government to strengthen its intelligence network.
Q5. How do the recently notified Forest Conservation Rules, 2022 impact the tribal rights.
Q6. What is Seal Level Change? Examine in context of Indian Coastline.
Q7. Discuss the factors governing Floods in Himalayas, citing recent example.

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(Please (Please
don’t
1. Trace the evolution of cave architecture in India with special reference to their design, don’t
write nature and wall paintings. 10 Marks write
anything anything
in this in this
space) space)
STRUCTURE:
Cave architecture in India is believed to have begun in the third century BC. These caves were used by
Buddhist, Jain and ascetic Ajivika monks as places of worship and residence. These caves house some of the
amazing murals, sculptures and architectural structures. Caves are a noteworthy aspect of Mauryan architecture.
The Lomas Rishi and Sudama caves were provided by Ashoka for non-Buddhist monks. These early caves
show an imitation of carpentry, which proves conclusively that the art of building in stone was still not fully
developed. Dependence on wood is evident until Gupta period. Post Mauryas, Satvahannas built great cave
temples in western Deccan. The Bhaja cave near Pune is one of the oldest caves in Deccan. Later, the caves
developed in size and splendour. The finest example is Karle cave in Maharashtra, which is similar in general
pattern as the Bhaja cave, but much bigger rock has been cut to make it. The pillars in this cave are also
heavier and more ornate.

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The simple facades of earlier caves were later developed into elaborately carved verandahs with large windows.
At the same time, as the cave monastery became too small for its inhabitants, new caves were carved out
nearby and therefore the complexity of caves grew over centuries. Ajanta caves are the best examples of
cave complex, which show progressive development of sculptures and wall paintings. Even more impressive
are the cave temples at Ellora. The Kailashnath Temple shows transcendence of cave architecture. Now, the
king was not satisfied with mere hollow in the rock but the entire rock face was cut away to carve a splendid

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temple from the hillside, complete with shrine, room, hall, gateway, pillars, divine figures, etc.
Almost contemporary to Ellora are temple complex at Mamallapuram, which still show the influence of wooden
construction. The latest cave temples are at Elephanta, which are similar in style as Ellora.
Design
Mainly three types of architectural designs
 apsidal vault roof chaitya halls – found at Ajanta,Pitalkhora,Bhaja

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 apsidal vault roof pillarless halls – found at Thana – Nadsur
 flat – roofed quadrangular hall with circular chamber at the back ( at Kondivite).
Nature
 Lomus Rishi Cave – An inscription proves that this was excavated for the Ajivika sect in the time of
Ashoka himself.
 Karle Cave has a magnificent prayer hall or Chaitya
 Ellora Caves has 32 Buddhist ,Brahmanical and Jain caves.
 Elephanta caves were originally Buddhist caves, later was dominated by Shivaite faith.
 Udaigiri – Khandagiri caves of Orissa are primarily Jain caves.
Wall Painting
 Kaimur Range of Central India – The paintings are primitive records of wild animals, war processions
and hunting scenes.
 Ajanta Caves – The subject matter of these paintings is almost exclusively Buddhist. They are mostly
associated with the Jatakas.
 Bagh caves – figures are more tightly modelled, and are stronger in outline.
 Badami caves – They are the earliest Brahmanical paintings so far known.

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(Please 2. With the help of examples, explain how Folk Paintings as an art form represent an array of (Please
don’t don’t
write human beliefs and cultural diversity. 10 Marks write
anything anything
in this in this
space) space)
STRUCTURE:

The folk paintings of India are very ethnic and simple, and yet colorful and vibrant enough to speak volumes
about the country’s rich heritage. The folk paintings are treated with religious and mystical motifs and also
represent social life.
• Madhubani paintings of Bihar: The themes & designs widely painted are of Hindu deities such as
Krishna, Rama, Siva, Sun and Moon, or nature and society e.g. Tulsi plant, wedding scenes, social happenings
etc.
• Patachitra paintings of Odisha: It is one of the oldest and most popular art forms of Odisha. Some of
the popular themes are depiction of the temple of Jagannath, the ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu depiction
of Lord Ganesh as a five-headed deity etc.

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• Tanjore Art of Tamilnadu: Themes of the painting mainly consist of Hindu gods and goddesses, with
figures of Lord Krishna in various poses and depicting various stages of his life. The shine and glean on the
gold leaves used by the Tanjore style paintings, lasts forever.
• Kalamezhuthu of Kerala: It is essentially a ritualistic art practiced in temples and sacred groves of
Kerala where the representation of deities like Kali and Lord Ayyappa, are made on the floor. The drawing
is done with bare hands without the use of forever.

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• Warli paintings of Maharshtra: These paintings do not depict mythological characters or images of
deities, but depict social life. Images of human beings and animals, along with scenes from daily life are
created in a loose rhythmic pattern.
• Kalamkari paintings of Andhra Pradesh: Literally meaning ‘drawings with a pen’, Kalamkari art is
used on sarees and ethnic clothing, and depicts anything from flora and fauna to epics such as Mahabharata
or Ramayana.

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• Kalighat painting of Bengal: These paintings, on cloth and pattas, at first depicted Gods and Goddesses,
but then took a turn towards social reform. It sought to raise awareness about social conditions in its
viewers – rich zamindars were depicted drinking wine with women, while priests were shown with ‘unchaste’
women and police babus being pattern.
• Phad painting of Rajasthan: Phad is mainly a religious form of scroll painting depicting folk deities
Pabuji or Devnarayan. Vegetable colours and a running narrative of the lives and heroic deeds of deities
characterise these paintings. They are carried to places by traditional singers who narrate the tales depicted
through scrolls.

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(Please 3. There are some common characteristics between Nagara and Dravida styles of temple (Please
don’t don’t
write architecture, both have significant differences as well. Explain 10 Marks write
anything anything
in this in this
space) STRUCTURE: space)

Similarities between Nagara and Dravid


• Sanctum : It is also known as ian styles of temple architecture garbhagriha (literally ‘womb : house’). It is
the place where the main deity is placed.
• Mandapa : Open space for cultural gathering. Central tower or spire : Tallest part of the temple.Role of
temples: Earliest temples served as centers of learning of art and education.
• Vahan: Mount or the vehicle of the temple’s main deity.
• Sculptures: In both styles of architecture, the buildings were heavily engraved, and were full of sculptures.
Differences between Nagara and Dravidian styles of temple architecture:
Fe ature N agara Style D ravida Style

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Re gion N orth India S o uth India
M ain Temple s N a ga r a s t yle o f a r c hit e c ture ha s
Dravida style has one single spire.
spire multiple spires.
In N agara style , there are multiple In Dravida style, only one mandapa
M andapa Towe rs
mandapa towers. tower will be present.

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In N agara style, the central tower is
curvilinear in shape. In Dravida style, the central tower is
It is called Sikhara in North India. shaped like a pyramid.
Ce ntral Towe r
Depending on the shape of Sikhara, it This pyramidal tower in South India is
w a s fur t he r d ivid e d int o L a t ina , known as Vimana
Phamsana and Valabhi types.
In this style, temple boundaries are given

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In N a ga ra style, a c omp ound wa ll high importance, and the deities are
Boundarie s and
usually does not exist and deities will sometimes kept outside as well.
de itie s
always be present inside the temple E x a m p le , S r ir a n g a m T e m p le in
Tiruchirapally, Tamil Nadu.
At the entrance of the garbhagriha,
I n D r a vid a s t yle , t he e nt r a nc e o f
images of mithunas and Ganga and
Entrance deitie s go p ura ms ha s fie rc e D w a r a p a la s
Ya m u n a r iv e r s a r e d e p ic t e d in
(doorkeepers)
personified form.

In N agara style, pedestals are higher In Dravida style, pedestals are at ground
Pe de stals
than ground level. level.

It is common in Dravida style temples to


In N agara Style, water reservoirs or
Wate r R e servoir have a large water reservoir or a temple
wells will not be found
tank enclosed within the comlex.

Sun Temple at Modhera


Shore Temple, Mahabalipuram
Vital Deul Temple, Bhubaneshwar
Example s: Meenakshi Temple, Madurai
K a n d a r iy a M a h a d e o T e m p l e ,
Brihadeeshwarar Temple, Thanjavur
K hajuraho

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(Please 4. The national security of the country cannot be strengthened until we focus on intelligence (Please
don’t don’t
write sharing and ensure greater coordination among agencies. Elaborate. Also, highlight the write
anything steps being taken by the government to strengthen its intelligence network. 10 Marks anything
in this in this
space) space)

STRUCTURE:
Intelligence sharing is the second most crucial part in national security the first being intelligence gathering.
India is facing rising threat in different areas and of different nature like LWE, cyber attacks, lone wolf attack,
and threat from ISIS etc. It has become very much necessary, due to the following reasons, that more and
more information sharing takes place among the stakeholders which are involved in these jobs.
 To minimize damage from attacks: Recent attacks in Uri and Pathankot air base are some examples
which show negligence in acquiring intelligence input.
 Comprehensive analysis of threat: All the intelligence agencies in the country should come together,
coordinate and analyse the real threat through the intelligence information available and pass on to agencies
which are required to take counter action without engaging in turf-wars.

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 Globally interconnected nature of threat: Terrorism has become a global phenomenon now. The
developments taking place in any part of the world may have the ramifications on our internal security.
 Building national consensus: There is a need to keep politics aside while discussing issues like National
security, NATGRID, and upgrading Armed forces.
Measures already taken in this direction
 Setting up of NATGRID to collect comprehensive patterns of intelligence and sharing this information

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among 11 security agencies. The country has made a Cyber Crime Coordination Centre for handling
cyber issues.
 CCTNS is being set up to collect, collate and share information about criminals, terrorists and so on with
law enforcement agencies.
The present scenario of the country is that the threat from outside is not only along borders but anywhere in
the country. All the states have to remain alert and they have to coordinate and share the intelligence gathered.

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In the same manner centre should also share the intelligence with the sates.
 A common command centre at New Delhi should be set up for better coordination among Army, Navy
and Airfare.
 A National Counter-Terrorism Center (NCTC) must be set up as a single point coordination, and information
sharing.

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(Please (Please
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STRUCTURE:
 The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) notified the Forest Conservation
Rules, 2022 on June 28, that will replace the earlier rules notified in 2003 Forest Conservation Rules
and its amendments in 2004, 2014 and 2017.(The new rules will be placed for approval of both Houses
of Parliament in the coming monsoon session)
 The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act,
2006, popularly known as the Forest Rights Act, 2006, confers land and livelihood rights both individual
and community to tribal, Dalit and other families living in forest areas. Under the law, FRA compliance
is mandatory before clearance is accorded for diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes
 The Forest (Conservation) Rules, 2022, delinks mandatory FRA compliance for seeking forest clearance

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for infrastructure projects and puts onus on states/UTs to ensure that it is complied with before the
forest land is handed over to the project proponent  

CRITICISM
• The new rules will dilute Forest Rights Act, 2006
• Will disempower forest tribals and may displace them
• Once forest clearance is accorded, dwellers’ claims of resettlement will be ignored

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CASE STUDY :
Niyamgiri (Odisha)
The village chiefs in Odisha’s Niyamgiri hills refused to approve Vedanta Resources Plc’s proposal to mine
bauxite in 2013. This was because as the locals believed that mining even in a portion of the hills would destroy
the close ties they had with nature.

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The Dongria Kondh tribe and other forest-dwellers in Niyamgiri worship Niyam Raja as their supreme deity.
They consider his blessings to be manifested as streams and forest resources —millets, spices, tubers and
fruits — on which they survive.
The MoEFCC had to say a final ‘no’ to the project as a result of the protest by the villagers.
[Current amendments will dilute the power vested with the tribal community.]

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(Please (Please
don’t 6. What is Seal Level Change? Examine in context of Indian Coastline. 10 Marks don’t
write write
anything anything
in this STRUCTURE: in this
space) • Define And Explain Sea Level change and its types. Give supporting Diagrams and examples. space)

Sea levels along almost the entire Indian coast are rising faster than the global average, according to
the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) State of the Global Climate in 2021 report released
May 18, 2022.
Globally, the rate of sea-level rise was 4.5 millimetre per year between 2013 and 2021. This was more
than twice the rate between 1993 and 2002.
• The major reason for the increase in sea levels is the accelerated loss of ice from the ice sheets in the Arctic
and Antarctic regions. The increase happened despite the La-Nina phenomenon being prevalent during the
beginning and the end of 2021.
• La Nina is the cooler-than-normal phase of the El-Nino Southern Oscillation phenomenon in the equatorial
Pacific Ocean. Usually during La-Nina years, sea levels are less than the mean.

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• During El-Nino (warmer-than-normal phase) years, they are higher than the mean. In 2021, the global mean
sea level rise was close to the long-term trend.
• The increase in sea levels is not happening uniformly in all parts of the global oceans. In the Indian Ocean
region, the rate of sea-level rise is the fastest in the south western part, where it is faster by 2.5 mm / year
than the global average.
• In other parts of the Indian Ocean region, including the coastlines, the rate is between 0 and 2.5 mm / year,

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faster than the global average.
• Other regions where the rate is faster than the global average are the western Tropical Pacific, the South-
west Pacific, the North Pacific and the South Atlantic.
Sea-level rise could have major consequences for the millions of people living along the Indian coastline.
While gradual erosion of the coastline, subsidence and inundation of deltas are a long-term concern for the

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people living close to the sea, the immediate concern is to do with the combined impact of tropical cyclones and
sea-level rise.
When a tropical cyclone occurs, the storm surge along with heavier rainfall, sea-level rise and high tides could
make the resultant flooding much more intense and hence difficult to manage.
• Storm surge is the increase in the height and energy of sea waves during a cyclone which depends on the
wind speeds of the cyclone. The higher the wind speeds of a cyclone, the more is their ability to pile up
water towards the centre of the cyclone; hence a stronger storm surge.
• Storm surges may also get intensified if there is a high tide during the time of the cyclone. The combined
effect of a storm surge and a high tide is known as a storm tide. Storm surges and tides bring saline water
into agricultural fields and people’s homes, leading to long-term damage, including a decrease in soil quality.
• Recent cyclones in the Indian Ocean region have increased in intensity, with greater wind speeds than
before which has meant higher storm surges. As sea levels rise, the storm surges will become even stronger
and take more seawater onto land, causing inundation.
If global warming is not kept under the 1.5°C mark as agreed to by countries under the Paris Agreement
by rapid reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the rise in sea levels and intense cyclones will make
places like the Sunderbansunlivable, causing a huge migration of people inlandand a cascade of other
socio-economic problems.
MasterStroke by Sachin Arora transforming dreams into reality
For more, Join Telegram :  t.me/geothemes  t.me/ppp4cse  sachinsirofficial
Join Youtube :  YouTube “SuccessSpace”
MasterStroke
Mentorship Programme 2022-23
GS Answer Booklet
(Please (Please
don’t don’t
write write
anything anything
in this in this
space) space)

P
M
M
MasterStroke by Sachin Arora transforming dreams into reality
For more, Join Telegram :  t.me/geothemes  t.me/ppp4cse  sachinsirofficial
Join Youtube :  YouTube “SuccessSpace”
MasterStroke
Mentorship Programme 2022-23
GS Answer Booklet
(Please (Please
don’t don’t
write write
anything anything
in this in this
space) space)

P
M
M
MasterStroke by Sachin Arora transforming dreams into reality
For more, Join Telegram :  t.me/geothemes  t.me/ppp4cse  sachinsirofficial
Join Youtube :  YouTube “SuccessSpace”
MasterStroke
Mentorship Programme 2022-23
GS Answer Booklet
(Please (Please
don’t don’t
write write
anything anything
in this in this
space) space)

P
M
M
MasterStroke by Sachin Arora transforming dreams into reality
For more, Join Telegram :  t.me/geothemes  t.me/ppp4cse  sachinsirofficial
Join Youtube :  YouTube “SuccessSpace”
MasterStroke
Mentorship Programme 2022-23
GS Answer Booklet
(Please (Please
don’t don’t
write write
anything anything
in this in this
space) space)

P
M
M
MasterStroke by Sachin Arora transforming dreams into reality
For more, Join Telegram :  t.me/geothemes  t.me/ppp4cse  sachinsirofficial
Join Youtube :  YouTube “SuccessSpace”

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