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____________________

A Thesis

Presented to the Faculty of the

College of _____________________

University of Cebu-Banilad

Cebu City, Philippines

____________________

In Partial Fulfilment

of the Requirements for the

Degree of Bachelor of Science in ___________________

by:

NAME NAME NAME NAME NAME

October 2018
 APPROVAL SHEET

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of

Science in Information Technology, this research entitled “THE FAMILY-OWNED
REAL ESTATE BUSINESS: CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABILITY”, prepared
and submitted by Crisanto A. Caloscos has been examined, accepted and approved for
PROPOSAL HEARING.

MARY GRACE RUSIANA-ZAPANTA, DBA, MSHRM

Adviser

ACCEPTED AS partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in ________________________.

CHRISTOPHER BIORE, DBA, CPA

Dean, College of Business and Accountancy

APPROVED by the tribunal at Oral Examination with the grade of PASSED.

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

MA. ESTELLA P. CABATAÑA, MN, R.N.

Chairman

SHEEN MARK T. BILBAO, MAN, R.N. RACHEL A. BAJARIAS, MAN, R.N.

Member 1 Member 2

MARJORIE R. STA. TERESA, MSN, RM, R.N.

Program Research Coordinator

CHRISTOPHER BIORE, DBA, CPA. JUDY ANN FERRATER- GIMENA, DBA

Dean, College of Business and Accountancy Research Director

Date: December 28, 2020

 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This study would not have been successful without the help and

support of the following persons who become my inspiration in writing this

thesis. It is my greatest pleasure that I may be able to extend my heartfelt

thanks to the following:

To Juana dela Cruz, my heartfelt thanks.

 DEDICATION

This research endeavour is dedicated to the students, management and

staff of the University of Cebu-Banilad

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Approval Sheet i
Acknowledgment ii
Dedication iii
Abstract iv

CHAPTER

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE 1

INTRODUCTION 1

Rationale of the Study 1

Theoretical Background 4

THE PROBLEM 16

Statement of the Problem 16

Significance of the Study 18

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 21

Research Design 21

Research Environment 28

Research Respondents/Participants 29

Research Instrument 30

Dry Run Procedures 34

Research Procedure 35

Data Gathering 35
 Data Analysis 35

Ethical Considerations 36

Trustworthiness of the Research 37

DEFINITION OF TERMS 39

2 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND 46

INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Profile of the Respondents 47
Manifestation of Work Values in 52
Terms of Work Ethics
Manifestation of Work Values as to Dependability 55
and Responsibility
3 SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND 112
RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary 112
Findings 112
Conclusion 113
Recommendations 114
REFERENCES 116
APPENDICES
A Transmittal Letter 121
B Informed Consent 122
C Survey Questionnaire (Set A-Teaching) 127
D Pilot Testing Result-Cronbach’s Alpha 140
E Location Map 148
CURRICULUM VITAE 153
 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Table Description Page No.

1 Research Subjects 24

2 Psychometric Examination Results 31

3 Academic Performance 33

4 Results on the Significant Relationship Between the 34

Psychometric Examination Results and
Academic Performance

Figure Description

1 Research Flow 21
 ABSTRACT

Title
Juan dela Cruz
Email
Orcid No.

• Note: Abstract should be single-spaced (font size 12) and not more than 300
words.
• The first paragraph reflects the introduction, main problem and the proposed
output.
• The 2nd paragraph presents the methodology containing the research design;
number or respondents/subjects/informant; sampling design;research
environment;instrument; treatment of data
• The 3rd paragraph presents the findings and conclusion
• The findings are direct answers to the sub-problems while the conclusion answers the
main problem. Abstract may or may not includethe recommendations (optional)

Organic farming in the Philippines is taking a toll in establishing its sustainability in

the market due to varying factors. This study intends to ascertain the factors influencing
the adoption of organic farming in the Visayas and its accompanying challenges with the
end view of formulating an empowerment development model for farmers.
The study utilized the multi research method with the use of researcher-made
questionnaire as the main instrument in data gathering. Both quantitative and qualitative
data was used in ascertaining the factors that influenced the adoption of organic farming
in Visayas. There were thirty-five (35) respondents who were the farmers from the
selected organic farms in Visayas, both in Region VI-Western Visayas and Region VII-
Central Visayas. These farms are accredited by a third-party accrediting body of the
Department of Agriculture. Convenience sampling technique was used where the
participants were selected based on their availability and their willingness to take part of
the study. There were ten participants who were interviewed. The main instrument used
in gathering the data was research-designed and had undergone content validation and
pilot testing to ascertain their functionality and reliability. For data analysis weighted
mean, chi-square test of independence and One-Way ANOVA.
Land size, soil quality, farmer’s level of education and labor demand techniques
influenced the farmers in adopting organic farming at a moderate extent. The organic
farmers moderately practiced soil management, weed control techniques, crop
diversification, fertilization, irrigation and harvesting. There is a significant relationship
between the type of respondents and the extent of influence of land-size to the farmers
toward adopting organic farming and there is also another significant relationship
between cooperative membership of the respondents and the extent of influence of labor
demand techniques towards the farmer’s decision to engage in organic farming.
However, there is no significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and
the farming practices they employed in their organic farming activity. There is no
significant difference between the responses of the respondents on the extent of influence
of the factors like land-size, soil quality, farmer’s level of education and labor demand
techniques to the farmers in their inclination to adopt organic farming and the organic
farming practice that used in their organic farming by activity. Despite of a good market
opportunity of organic farming, there was just a gradual conversion of the farmers from
organic farming to conventional farming even though the country is doing some
initiatives to push for the sustainability of organic farming industry. Likewise, the
growing demand for organic produce in the market the farmers in Region VI and VII
have shown hesitation towards full adoption and had not applied the ideal farming
practices at a maximum level to ensure that their activity addresses the vulnerability of
the environment vis-a-vis fulfilling it commitment to provide health crops to the
consumers.

Keywords: Agriculture economics, organic farming, soil management, weed control

techniques, crop diversification, fertilization, irrigation and harvesting, multi-method,
Visayas, Philippines
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Note: A striking statement or a general knowledge about the topic, gives the overview of
the chosen study/topic
• Explain the reason for choosing the research topic
• Discussion on what has been done before and how the study differs.
• Present the gap in the literature
• Present statistics or prevailing situationer (global, national, &local scope)
• Justification on the necessity to conduct the study/investigation

Rationale of the Study

People travel from one place to another, which brings a lot of

opportunities to be engaged in different leisure activities, to discover new

skills and a chance to embrace diversity …….(Yuan et al., 2015).

Roberts (2015) added that employment is also a growing resiliency in

most leisure industries since it was …..

Tourist misbehavior and bad propensities, for instance smoking in

non-smoking areas, hopping the line, …….. (Huang et al., 2010).

Sotiriadis and Varvaressos (2015) discussed that globally, the

intensive competition in the global arena of tourism industry, the mass

tourism orientation…

Therefore, with the ongoing influx of tourists in Cebu, there were also

lots of reported problems related to the misbehavior exhibited by tourists

from other places and even other countries that destroy the wellbeing of the
community and the natural beauty of tourist attractions calls for an effort to

conduct a study aims determine the competitive position, issues and

challenges in the leisure tourism sector in the Southern part of Cebu,

Philippines to be able to address the myriad of tourism issues for future

generation as well as the end view of crafting policy recommendations to

enhance the industry’s performance and sustainability.

Theoretical Background/ Review of Related Literature

Note:
• Start with an anchored theory, then followed by 2 supporting theories
• Then present the review of related literature of all the variables (sub-questions)
including the indicators.
• After which, present at least 2 review of related studies containing the topic/title,
objectives of the study, salient findings, & conclusion.
• Towards the end of this sub-section, provide discussions on the
synthesis/summary of the connection of the theories and literatures that are
presented

This study is anchored on stakeholder theory that incorporates

individual or group of people who can influence the industry's performance

and in turn influence by the accomplishment of the industry's objectives

(Freeman, 2015).

The anchored theory is supported by the collaboration theory of Gray,

which aims to determine and solve problems or advance shared visions,

where stakeholders perceive the potential focal points of cooperating to

reach mutually satisfying long-term agreements (Udemezue & Osegbue,

2018).
 Further, the social exchange theory (SET), hold forth that when the

local stakeholders gain profits by destination social responsibility activities,

they would bolster the ………(Katundu, 2015).

There is no doubt that tourism is an indispensable industry for

economic development of one’s country. Competitiveness is one thing to

consider in evaluating the performance and sustainability of the industry in

order to harness the business effectively and bring in new customers. The

identified indicators to measure the degree of competitiveness are: policy

rules and regulations, safety and security, environmental sustainability,

health and hygiene, air transport infrastructure, ground transport

infrastructure, water transport infrastructure and price in which this study

enables stakeholders’ participation in conceptualizing the leisure tourism

mechanisms.

Policy Rules and Regulations. Tourism policy is an amalgam of

discourses, agreements, practices….(Velasco, 2016).

Safety and Security. Safety and security once combined is called the

tourism surety…. (Tarlow, 2014).

It is imperative to review various resarches in relation to ………

 According to the study of Xiao (1997) about tourism and leisure in

China, it affirmed the significance of economic advancement, which

assumes an essential job in the incorporation of the tourism and leisure.

Moreover, ………..

Another study of Crouch & Ritchie (1999) pertaining to the tourism,

competitiveness and societal prosperity found out that tourism resources

are…

The aforementioned theories, related literatures and studies provide

deeper insights on the general context on the significance of stakeholders’

involvement in the improvement of leisure industry activities towards

sustainability of leisure tourism in the local economy and the life of the

people. Likewise, these various literatures on stakeholders’ involvement are

highly relevant in the economic, environmental, social, and political

sustainability of leisure tourism industry.

 THE PROBLEM (Separate page)

• Note: State the main and specific problems

• State the possibility for a significant difference and/or significant relationship

among variables

Statement of the Problem (for quantitative studies) or

Objectives of the Study (for experimental studies and qualitative studies)

This study was conducted to analyze the competitive position, issues

and challenges of the leisure tourism sector in the Southern part of Cebu,

Philippines, C.Y. 2020 with the end view of proposing a leisure tourism

enterprise competitiveness plan to enhance the industry’s performance and

sustainability.

In order to address the research aim, the following sub-problems are

taken into consideration:

1. What is the degree of competitiveness of the leisure tourism

industry in Southern Cebu, Philippines based on the assessment of the

primary stakeholders (domestic and international tourists, travel agents, tour

guides, leisure tourism operators, employees and entrepreneurs in leisure

tourism) and secondary stakeholders (local residents, local government unit

(LGU) officials, and local tourism organization) in terms of:

1.1. policy rules and regulations;

 1.2. safety and security;

1.3. environmental sustainability;

1.4. health and hygiene;

1.5. air transport infrastructure;

1.6. ground transport infrastructure;

1.7. water transport infrastructure; and

1.8. price?

2. Is there are significant relationship between the type of

respondents and their perceptions on the degree of competitiveness of the

leisure tourism industry?

3. Is there a significant difference between the perceptions of the

primary and secondary stakeholders on the degree of competitiveness of the

leisure tourism industry?

4. In the light of the findings of the study, what leisure tourism

enterprise competitiveness development plan be formulated and

implemented to improve the overall performance of the industry?

Statement of Null Hypothesis

At 0.05 level of significant the following are tested:

Hø1: There is no significant relationship between …….

Significance of the Study

Note: Explains who will benefit out of the conduct of this study and how they will
benefit/gain
• Discusses the value of the study to individual, groups, institutions and to the
discipline
•
The outcome of the study will be beneficial to the following

stakeholders:

Department of Tourism. The Department of Tourism (DOT), being

the primary government agency tasked …..

Local Government Units (LGUs) in Cebu Province. This study will

provide information towards the officials…..

Leisure-Tourism Stakeholders. The result of the study provides

awareness to the stakeholders of….

Researchers. This study will be beneficial to the researcher in terms

of appreciating the value of ……..

Future Researchers. This undertaking will also be helpful to the

future researchers to make follow-up studies on whether the proposed leisure

tourism structural ………

 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (separate page)

Note:
• This introductory paragraph that specifies and justifies the type of research used/
Discuss the research design in relation to the main problem
• The research process or flow of research may be presented here in a schematic
diagram.
• Discuss the research design in relation to the main problem

Research Design

This study utilizes ________________ research design in determining

the ……….

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Indicate the type of research

(Indicate the variables as design & tool • Indicate the
indicated in the problem
proposed output
statement) • Research
Design Proposed Leisure
• Degree of
competitiveness • Data Tourism Structural
• Prevailing Gathering Policies
crucial issues • Data
Processing
• Analysis and
Interpretation
of Data

Figure 1
Research Flow Process

Research Environment (describes the setting of the study)

• Describes the locale/venue of the research
• Includes the map (if necessary) and place in the appendix
 This study was conducted at ____________________. It is

.........................(Refer to Appendix D-Location Map).

Research Subjects/Respondents/Informants/Participants

Note: Describes the total population , sampling tehcnique used, sampling size determination, and

characteristics of the sample

• Use the term research subjects if its experimental study
• Use the term research respondents if they are answering a tool
• Use the term research informants if they are interviewed
• Use the term participants if they are subjects and respondents in the study
• Explains the sampling procedure being used
• Specifies the number of respondents involved which may be presented in a table
• Describes the type and characteristics of the respondents

The participants of this study were the primary stakeholders who

directly benefit from the leisure tourism industry and the secondary

stakeholders who indirectly gained advantages from the said industry.

Table 1
Distribution of Respondents
Stakeholder
Respondent Types Frequency Percentage
Types
Primary Business 19 10.00
LGU Representatives 14 7.37
Local Residents 79 41.58
Local Tourism Organizations
12 6.32
Secondary Stakeholders
Tour Guides 12 6.32
Tourists 49 25.79
Travel Agents 5 2.63
Total 190 100.00

Research Instrument

• Describes the tool/questionnaire/ interview guide being utilized

• Mentions the research instrument (s) tools for gathering data
• Describes the type and characteristics of the respondents
 The instrument used in this study was a researcher-designed

questionnaire …..

Dry-Run Procedure/Content Validation

• Discuss how will the pilot testing be conducted, who are the
respondents/participants, how many and the procedure in the administration of
the questionnaire/interview.
• Ensure that the respondents/participants in dry-run will not be included in the
gathering of data/administration of the survey tool
•
Research Procedures

Note: For the gathering of data, discuss step by step how data was gathered starting
gathered starting from the approval of the study by the institution until the retrieval of the
instrument from respondents.

Gathering of Data/Data Collection

• For the treatment of data/data analysis, enumerate and describe the statistical
tools used. No need to show formula.
• State if the data were manually computed or used a statistical software.
• For qualitative data, describe how the answers or informants/participants during
the interview were collapsed into themes.

Treatment of Data. The following statistical analysis was applied in this

investigation:

Ethical Considerations

• Discuss the procedure being followed in the conduct of the study in

adherence/compliance to the ethical principles of beneficence, non-malifecence,
justice, confidentiality, voluntarism, & data privacy.

The participation of respondents in the study was entirely voluntary and

they have the have right to withdraw

Trustworthiness of the Research

 • Discuss how credible and reliable are the data and procedure used in the
study

To establish credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability

of the research, the researcher used triangulation and member

 DEFINITION OF TERMS (Separate page)

Notes:
• Alphabetically arranged the concepts, keywords and terms used in the study or
taken from the title, main problem and specific problems
• Operationally defined or how terms were used in the study
• Taken from the title, main problem and specific problems

Degree of Competitiveness of the Leisure Tourism Industry. These

words refer to the state of competitiveness….

CHAPTER 2
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
(Separate Page)

This chapter presents, analyzes and interprets data gathered from the

leisure tourism primary stakeholders and local tourism organizations) in the

Southern part of Cebu, Philippines. The data are presented in a tabular form

with corresponding analysis and interpretation with their implications.

Presentation and Analysis of Data

This chapter contains four parts. The first (1st) part reveals the degree

of competitiveness of the leisure tourism……

Part I. Degree of Competitiveness of the Leisure Tourism Industry

This section shows the data pertaining to the assessment of leisure

tourism stakeholders on the degree of competitiveness of the leisure

tourism…..

Table 2
 Degree of Competitiveness of the Leisure Tourism Industry
as to Policy Rules and Regulations
Primary Secondary
Overall
Stakeholders Stakeholders
Indicators (N = 190)
(n = 85) (n = 105)
Mean Description Mean Description Mean Description
1. There is a 3.22 Moderately 3.25 Highly 3.24 Moderately
comprehensive tourism Competitive Competitive Competitive
management plan and
policies that are strictly
implemented.
2. There is no exemption 3.16 Moderately 3.05 Moderately 3.10 Moderately
in implementing the Competitive Competitive Competitive
sanctions or penalties to
the offenders or to
anyone who violates any
rules of the tourism
policy.
3. Tourism policy contains 3.33 Highly 3.29 Highly 3.31 Highly
guidelines, rules, Competitive Competitive Competitive
regulations, orders,
advancements or
development targets and
procedures for long-
term improvement of the
local tourism industry.
4. The tourism policies, 3.20 Moderately 3.19 Moderately 3.19 Moderately
rules and regulations are Competitive Competitive Competitive
future-oriented in order
to anticipate changes
that are likely to occur
in the future.
5. The tourism 3.18 Moderately 3.29 Highly 3.24 Moderately
stakeholders are free to Competitive Competitive Competitive
express their
suggestions and ideas
for the improvement of
tourism policy.
Aggregate Mean 3.22 Moderately 3.21 Moderately 3.22 Moderately
Competitive Competitive Competitive

The highest mean of 3.31 signifies that both the primary and the

secondary stakeholders assess…. This result denotes that…

On the other hand, the lowest mean of 3.10 shows that both groups of

respondents assessed the absence…… This result indicates that…

 The aggregate mean of 3.22 shows that the two groups of participants

in this study assess….. This data reveals that the guiding principles in doing

various leisure tourism undertakings….

Results on the Test of Significant Relationship Between the Types of

Respondents and their Degree of Competitiveness of the Leisure
Tourism Industry

This part uncovers the results of the test of significant relationship

between the types of respondents…

Computed Critical
Variables df Significance Result
Chi-Square Value
I. Stakeholder Types and
Policy Rules and Regulations 4.773 3 7.815 Not Significant Ho Accepted
Safety and Security 4.790 3 7.815 Not Significant Ho Accepted
Environmental Sustainability 0.537 3 7.815 Not Significant Ho Accepted
Health and Hygiene 5.889 3 7.815 Not Significant Ho Accepted
Air Transport Infrastructure 3.943 3 7.815 Not Significant Ho Accepted
Ground Transport Infrastructure 1.163 3 7.815 Not Significant Ho Accepted
Water Transport Infrastructure 7.448 3 7.815 Not Significant Ho Accepted
Price 0.421 3 7.815 Not Significant Ho Accepted

The result shows that there is no significant relationship between the

types of respondents and….. This result means that….

 CHAPTER 3

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

SUMMARY (separate page)

• Present here the statement in the study as shown in Chapter 1

The main purpose of this study was to determine the competitive

position, issues and challenges of the leisure tourism sector in the Southern

part of Cebu, Philippines.

• Present a summary of the research methodology

This study applied the multi-research method with the use of

researcher-designed survey tool to gather data ……..

FINDINGS

• Present the salient/important/summarized data of the findings

The following are the findings of the study:

1. Both the primary and secondary stakeholders assessed the leisure

tourism industry in Southern Cebu, Philippines as moderately competitive in

the aspects of policy rules and regulations, safety ……..

2. There are common crucial issues confronted….

CONCLUSIONS

• Discuss the conclusion of the study by addressing/addressing the main problem of

the study.
 Drawing from the findings of the study the leisure tourism industry in

the Southern strip of Cebu Province was competitive in terms only of the

existence of the means of air transpiration and environmental sustainability

despite on the challenges in keeping the surrounding…….

RECOMMENDATIONS

On the basis of the aforementioned conclusions, the following is

recommended:

That the proposed structural policies may be applied by the regulating

bodies as part of improving the…

PROPOSED OUTPUT (Separate page)

• Present the proposed output of the study

Proposed Leisure Tourism Enterprise Competitiveness

Development Plan

REFERENCES (Separate page)

• Follow the APA 6th edition format

• Copyright of the reference materials should be 2000 to present
• At least 30 sources from books, journals and other sources
• List down alphabetically with the following sub-headings:

Books

Benito, A., & Alonso, G. (2018). Energy efficiency in air transportation.

United Kingdom: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Journals/ Periodicals/Manuals
Alegre, J. & Garau, J. (2010). Tourist satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Annals
of Tourism Research, 37(1), 52-73.

Tiwari, P., Yadav, P., Kumar, S., Mishara, B. K., Nguyen, G. N., Gochhayat,
S. P., Singh, J., & Prasad, M. (2019). Sentiment analysis for airlines
services based on twitter data set. Social Network Analytics
Computation Research Methods and Techniques, 149-162.

Online/Internet Sources

Crotti, R. & Misrahi, T. (2015). The travel & tourism competitiveness index
2015: T&T as a resilient contribution to national development. The
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report, 13. Retrieved May 20,
2020 from https://bit.ly/2WSrNqL.

Mammadov, R. (2012). The importance of transportation in tourism sector.

Paper Presented at the 7th Silk Road International Conference for
Challenges and Opportunities of Sustainable Economic Development
in Eurasian Countries. Retrieved April 8, 2020 from
https://bit.ly/3noEaGq.

Unpublished Materials

Kavunkil-Haneef, S. (2017). A model to explore the impact of tourism

Infrastructure on destination image for effective tourism marketing.
(Doctoral dissertation, University of Salford, USA).

Other Sources

Sabtu, N., Hasan, M. A. & Sahari, N. H. (2018). Formulating Sharia’h

compliant ethical code for tourists in Malaysia. In Proceedings of the
3rd International Halal Conference (INHAC 2016), pp. 139-151).
Singapore: Springer.

APPENDICES (Separate page)

• Place each document in a separate page

• A for transmittal letter (to persons and institutions).
• B for tool/interview guide.
 • C is map or research environment.
• D is for others (e.g. MOA)

APPENDIX

A Transmittal Letter

B Informed Consent

C Survey Questionnaire

D Pilot Testing Result-Cronbach’s Alpha

E Location Map

CURRICULUM VITAE (Separate Page)

• Contains the educational attainment (highlights highest educational attainment).

• Work data if applicable
• Personal data or profile
• With 2x3 picture on the right upper hand corner; may be scanned
• Contact information like email address, home address and mobile numbers

Other Instructions:

1. Please prepare 5 copies of the manuscript/research during the final

defense and fasten each copy in a short folder or sent a soft copy to
your research instructor/Program Research Coordinator if face–to-
face hearing/oral defense if not possible

2. Submit the copy of the manuscript to the panelists at least 1 week

before the hearing/defense date. This will give them enough time to
evaluate and make comments to the research output

3. Respect the chain of command. Research Instructor will evaluate first.

Then have the research manuscript undergo Grammarly, then the
 panel members, and then the chairman of the panel. Next will be the
dean of the department.

4. Submit 5 hard bound copies to the research teache for grading. Submit
also 1 CD (CD Writeable) with the soft copy of the entire manuscript
or send the soft copy to uc.bro2009@gmail.com
5. Students are required 5 hardbound copies of the manuscript to the
teachers/Program Research Coordinator (1 copy for the adviser, 1
copy to the Dean, 1 copy to the Research Center, 1 copy Library, & 1
copy for the researchers).