Geopolítica y Medio Ambiente

Tarea 4 Evaluación Final

Presentado por

Marybel Serna González

Celular 3133588645

Email msernag@unadvirtual.edu.co

Group 151021_40

Tutor

Carolina Jaime Rodríguez

Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNAD

Escuela Ciencias de la Salud ECISA

Mayo de 2022
3. Each student made a proposal of the collaborative work planning in the first week. As a group perform
a consolidated work, containing:

• Cover. You must include the adjusted Title.

Environmental factors as determinants of the health status of residents in the municipality of

Soacha
• Basic information: A statement of the issues chosen in their context, which includes the relationships
between geopolitics and the environment and the impacts on health and human development.
Description of the context and issues and impacts on health and human development, in terms of
causes, mortality and morbidity. Use subtitles for each theme.

The physical factors of the environment, the quality of the air and industrialization cause effects on the
public health of citizens, especially respiratory diseases that occur more and more frequently, harming
children and older adults, without taking the necessary measures in this regard.

Health impacts of poor air quality

Exposure to high levels of air pollution can cause a variety of adverse health outcomes: it increases the
risk of respiratory infections, heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer, all of which will come out in greater
proportion to the vulnerable population.

Impacts on human development

Taking into account the high number of people who have informal jobs in the municipality and who see
the opportunity to get their daily livelihood on the highway where a large number of vehicles circulate
that pollute the environment, and that in turn harm their health and deteriorate your quality of life
because the conditions are not the best to satisfy their basic needs

Mortality and morbidity

The Uniminuto – Soacha station and the Colegio Mayor de Soacha – Soacha station show high
concentration levels of PM2.5, which, according to national standards and international provisions, is
considered a pollutant with a high impact on health. There is evidence of regional transport processes of
pollutants that have contributed to the increase in the concentration levels of pm2.5 in the municipality.

there are all other diseases, when performing analysis by subgroup of causes, it was found that within
this group of causes, the majority correspond to chronic diseases of the respiratory tract lower with a
rate of (27.38 x 100,000 inhabitants). The group of communicable diseases is in fifth place as a cause of
death when performing analysis by subgroup of causes, it was found that the majority corresponds to
acute respiratory infections, with a rate of 12.48 x 100,000 population
the group of pathologies that causes the greatest number of deaths in men in the municipality are
respiratory infections acute, although they show a downward trend, going from a rate from 15.60 deaths
per 100,000 in 2015 to 15.39 per 100,000 in 2019, for all the observed period constitute the first cause of
death.

• Justification: It supports the reason for which it chose this problematic and not another one with data
of the context of occurrence and bibliographical argumentation. It is a bibliographic review of
background, mínimum 2 (two) scientific articles in English language and 4 (four) scientific articles in
Spanish language.

Choosing the theme of the air is important because the quality of it when we breathe is essential to have
a healthy life and lower incidence and severity of different frequent diseases.

According to Contamination by heavy metals in the sediments accumulated in the Bogotá-Soacha road
corridor, Road sediments accumulated in dry weather carry metallic elements that affect not only water
resources but also air quality when they are suspended by wind and rain. traffic-induced turbulence.

According to the authors of Assessment of the institutional capacity to respond to poor air quality in
the municipality of Soacha, the poor air quality that has occurred in recent years in the municipality of
Soacha has led to the decreeing of exceptional levels of air quality on more than one occasion, which
generates health problems for the inhabitants and even more so for the sensitive groups. The
municipality only has two stations currently active for monitoring air quality, which are: Colegio and
Uniminuto, which belong to the CAR monitoring network, both present concentrations that exceed the
maximum levels allowed by Colombian legislation. , for this reason, the assessment of the institutional
capacity to respond to states of poor air quality in the municipality of Soacha is planned.

Environmental factors are one of the main sources of contamination that directly influence the
appearance of respiratory diseases in the population, since they produce toxic particles that are inhaled
when breathing the already contaminated atmosphere, triggering diseases such as bronchial asthma.
Soacha, being a busy road corridor, pollution from automobiles is higher, causing poor air quality. the
increase in levels of air pollutants, especially smoke, was associated with an increase in hospital
emergency visits for asthma. (Romero-Placeres M, 2044).

The information on the Influence of traffic on the accumulation of heavy metals on urban roads:
Torrelavega (Spain)-Soacha (Colombia), Road users and those who live in nearby environments are
potentially exposed to high concentrations of metals; Areas with the highest traffic density tend to have
the highest concentrations. In addition, the roads with a greater use as a parking line tend to present
higher concentrations, despite registering a lower traffic density. In the research cities, Pb exceeds the
limits established by the legislation used as a reference.

• Relationships cause - effect of the problematic situation: Make a diagram showing the causal chain and
effects of the problematic situation (problem tree, fishbone or whatever you choose) from geopolitics to
the environment and showing the effects on individual and collective health and human development.
Write a research question.

Vehicles Companies

Seniority Hydrocarbons

Periodic revisions Emission of gases

Poor air quality

in Soacha,
Carbón Dust emission Cundinamarca

Fuel industrialized areas

Exposure to chemicals Inadequate ventilation

Ladrilleras Quarries

• Definition of problem solution alternatives: Propose and describe at least two intra- sectoral
alternatives and two inter- sectoral alternatives to solve the problem in the strategic framework of the
Environmental Dimension of the Ten Year Public Health Plan and/or in the framework of sustainable
human development.

Intersectoral programs for all sectors dedicated to production, health authorities and environmental
authorities seeking to control air pollution, which are prepared by the territorial entities.

Clear and specific policies regarding the renewal of vehicles that have already completed their useful life,
better fuel quality and better technology

• Description and development of the intra-sectorial and intersectoral alternatives: Make a diagram or
outline for each alternative, with the objectives, goals and resources needed. Make a description of the
diagram by expanding the information and description of the alternatives presented.
 Intrasectoral strategy Intersectoral strategy

Description of the strategy Prioritize public health

surveillance aimed at
epidemiological efficiency
aimed at understanding the
behavior of public health
events related to air pollution
and its relationship with
asthma in the population.
Goals Publish air quality monitoring
and tracking protocols.
Develop diagnostics of
national and existing air
quality conditions.
Establish the determinants of
environmental (air) pollution.
Resources

• Conclusions: Explain 5 (five) conclusions on the relationship between geopolitics and the environment
and their effects on 3 health and human development and a conclusion on the alternatives to solve this
type of problem in the context where you live and/or work.

• Bibliography: APA standards

Declarado nivel de prevención en Soacha por calidad del aire

https://www.car.gov.co/saladeprensa/declarado-nivel-de-prevencion-en-soacha-por-calidad-del-
aire

Rodriguez, M. X. G., Plazas, D. E. G., Quinche, J. E. P., Saad, A. P., & Gutiérrez, B. E. O. (2021,
November). Assessment of the institutional capacity to respond to poor air quality in the municipality of
Soacha. In 2021 Congreso Colombiano y Conferencia Internacional de Calidad de Aire y Salud Pública
(CASAP) (pp. 1-3). IEEE.

Zafra Mejía, Carlos Alfonso, Peña Valbuena, Nancy Ángela, & Álvarez Prieto, Santiago. (2013). Contaminación por
metales pesados en los sedimentos acumulados sobre el corredor vial Bogotá - Soacha. Tecnura, 17(37), 99-108.
Retrieved May 23, 2022, from http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0123-
921X2013000300010&lng=en&tlng=es.

Zafra Mejía, C. A., Luengas Pinzón, E. C., & Temprano González, J. (2013). Influencia del tráfico en la
acumulación de metales pesados sobre vías urbanas: Torrelavega (España)-Soacha (Colombia). Revista
Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, (67), 146-160.