FACULTY OF EDUCATION

FIRST CYCLE OF STUDIES

STUDY PROGRAM – PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

EDUCATION OF SYSTEM IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Seminar paper in English

THE TEACHER STUDENT

Dr.sc Knežević Čedomir Dragana
Pajić
Broj indeksaː PV-509∕22

Banja Luka, december 2022

 CONTENT

Introduction ..........................................................................................................................1
2.The term, essence and significance of education in BIH...................................................1
2.1. The concept of education..........................................................................................1
2.2. Development of the educational system in BIH.......................................................1
2.3. The essence of education.................................................................................2
2.4. The importance of education............................................................................2
3.Division of education.............................................................................................................3
3.1.Preschool upbringing and education.......................................................................3
3.2.Primary education in BIH.......................................................................................3
3.3.Secondary education in BIH...................................................................................4
3.3.1.Public higher education.............................................................4
3.3.2 Private higher education..........................................................5
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................6
LITERATURE.......................................................................................................................7
 INTRODUCTION

The role of the education system in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is very important and its
significance along with education is immeasurable for developing the ability to acquire
knowledge, research and provision of a healthier and happier life for every individual in to
the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The following participate in these complex processes: school, family, peers, the media and
the environment in which we live, and all of this has great importance for learning, acquiring
new knowledge, skills, habits and developing a healthy and happy personality.
The general principles and importance of education and upbringing in schools are also
immeasurable enable every child and adult full access to everyday and lifelong learning, self-
understanding, understanding and understanding of all people that surround us and the places
where we live.
That is why it is necessary to ensure equal opportunities for quality education at all levels
from preschool, primary, secondary and higher education, i.e. university education regardless
of gender, race, nationality, social, cultural origin, religion, general family status and
psychophysical characteristics.

Gordon Brown said: "Every young person has a talent and potential that needs to be
developed, it's a gift that needs to be developed needs his community." (Brown)

According to the latest World Bank report, which was financed by the European Union (EU),
more than half of young people are dissatisfied with their secondary education, and over 25
percent point out that the acquired knowledge and skills are not in line with the needs of the
labor market - which contributes to the youth unemployment rate in BiH of almost 47%.

In short - the country is not using its most important resource: people.
 THE TERM, ESSENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF
EDUCATION IN BIH

2.1. The concept of education

Education is the transfer of knowledge to a person, with the aim of developing his
intellectual, affective and moral abilities. Education is necessary for the development of
values that allow us to live in society, with empathy, solidarity and respect for others

Education is of great importance for every person who wants to be successful in life.
Learning helps in building character, in developing thinking and intellect. Every person has
his own ideas and his views on the world and life, regardless of how educated he is, but
learning and education are of crucial importance for the development of true intellect and are
an essential prerequisite for building a good position in society for every person.
A good education can really help future generations succeed in many walks of life. Education
and learning from a young age help in building moral values and various intellectual skills
with the help of which the child will develop into an open and successful individual, always
ready for positive changes in his life.

2.2. Development of the educational system in (BIH) Bosnia and

Herzegovina

After the Ottoman administration, others were opened religious schools and during the
Austro-Hungarian rule in 1887.
In 2010, the legal Sharia school of judges was founded with five-year education plan.
The contemporary history of Sarajevo University began with the opening of the first one
of the secular institute of higher education in 1940. Then they are open:
Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry in 1940, Faculty of Medicine in 1944.
In 2008, the Faculty of Law, the Higher Pedagogical School and the Institute of Biology were
opened in 1946. Then, in 1948, the technical faculty was opened and that year it was
The Assembly of the People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina passed a law on the
university being established under the name University of Sarajevo.
Its first rector was dr. Vaso Butozana and on December 2, 1949, the University of Sarajevo
began officially with work. As part of the university, in 1950, the Philosophical and
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.
Until 1975, this university was the only university in BiH and had 19
faculties, 3 academies, 4 higher schools in Sarajevo and 2 faculties in Zenica.
That year the University was also opened in Banja Luka, in 1976 in Tuzla and in 1977
the University of Mostar was also founded.
Today there are many institutions of education in BiH, including state and private
universities.

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 2.3. The essence of education

Through schooling, we continuously convince ourselves that education is very important,

because knowledge helps us to make our own decisions regarding our desires,
needs, affinities and talents.
This is how we simultaneously build ourselves as we acquire personalitiesnecessary skills to
perform different jobs and contribute to the world becomes a better place to live.
Education is the essential basis of life and the existential need of everyone
man. It is a process that takes place in educational institutions, but also outside them.
Education is at the same time a social process and the best indicator its success.
It never reaches its full end, but represents the path to the realization of all values.
Education and development of human capital are of particular importance for Bosnia and
Herzegovina, in view of its efforts that by 2025. join the EU and increase productivity in in
the context of the population decrease trend.

2.4. The importance of education

From an early age, when we are not aware of the importance of any significant issue for
our life, parents and teachers taught us how important it is to be literate and educated.
During schooling, we understand that education is very important for everyone individual and
is guaranteed by laws and the Constitution, the Universal Declaration on human rights and
other international documents.
We should know that education does not only provide knowledge in different fields and
science, but at the same time it also provides many other opportunities to gain experience in
to what we are interested in.
Through schooling, we continuously convince ourselves that education is very important,
because knowledge helps us to make our own decisions regarding our desires,
needs, affinities and talents.
This is how we simultaneously build ourselves as we acquire personalitiesnecessary skills to
perform different jobs and contribute to the world becomes a better place to live.
Education is the essential basis of life and the existential need of everyone
man. It is a process that takes place in educational institutions, but also outside
them. Education is at the same time a social process and the best indicator
its success. It never reaches its full end, but represents the path to the realization of all values.

Education and development of human capital are of particular importance for Bosnia and
Herzegovina, in view of its efforts that by 2025. join the EU and increase productivity in
in the context of the population decrease trend. However, the available information on access
I the quality of pre-university education in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), point to the key
challenges.
According to the World Bank's Harmonized Learning Outcomes (HLO) database, outcomes
studies in BiH are weaker than the results achieved in the EU and the region, and there is also
a gap between them skills provided by the education system and those required by the labor
market. A large is also present public dissatisfaction with the quality of primary and
secondary education. There is room for improvement access at all levels of pre-university
education, especially at the pre-school level, a inequalities are also present when it comes to
the most vulnerable population - students from minority groups, poor and from rural areas.
Improving educational outcomes is vital to strengthening development of human capital and
achieving growth in the country.

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 DIVISION OF EDUCATION

Education is organized in four basic levels:

* Preschool upbringing and education

*Primary education
* Secondary education
* Higher education.

3.1. Preschool upbringing and education

The system of pre-school upbringing and education should enable the maximum physical and
mental development of the child, respecting his individual characteristics
. BiH has one of the lowest levels of access to preschool education in the region - only 15
percent of children are included in preschool education, while the EU average is 95 percent.
Such data are troubling given the strong global evidence of the importance of early childhood
education in acquiring basic cognitive and socio-emotional skills and helping individuals to
rise out of poverty. Parents' need for preschool education is very high in certain urban areas
(in larger cities, such as Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Brčko and Mostar there are waiting lists), but
the existing infrastructure and funding are not sufficient to meet the needs. In many
municipalities, there is not a single preschool institution. The problem is even greater in rural
areas, where unemployment is higher and incomes are lower, and there are cultural norms
regarding child care, which all the more limit the attendance of preschool education.

3.2. Primary education in BIH

Primary education in Bosnia and Herzegovina is compulsory and free for all children
between the ages of 6 and 15 and lasts 9 years in three three-year cycles (ages 6-9; 9-12 and
12-15). This system was adopted in 2004, as a replacement for the old eight-year primary
education system, which offered children aged 6 to 14, two four-year cycles (years 6-10 and
10-14) and is still used in some regions.

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 3.3. Secondary education in BIH

Secondary education in Bosnia and Herzegovina is free, as in the case of primary education.
However, although there are initiatives to make this level of education mandatory, this is the
case only in Sarajevo Canton.[6] Secondary schools are divided into general and technical
schools; studies begin at age 15 (or 14, as part of the old education system) and last 3 or 4
years. Most children in Bosnia and Herzegovina start school at the age of six, and finish high
school at the age of eighteen or nineteen. Students who graduate from general secondary
school (Gymnasium) take their matriculation exam and decide to enroll in a college after
taking an entrance exam given by the institution, while students from technical schools
receive a diploma upon completion.

There are public and private higher education institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

3.3.1. Public higher education

The system of public universities consists of the following eight universities: University of
Sarajevo, University of Tuzla, University of Mostar, University of Banja Luka, University
“Džemal Bijedić” Mostar, University of East Sarajevo, University of Bihać and University of
Zenica with about 90 faculties and art academies.

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 3.3.2. Private higher education

There are also 22 private higher education institutions that the law on higher education
(adopted in July 2007) treats equally as public higher education institutions.
The system of higher education in Bosnia and Herzegovina is based on the principles of the
Bologna Declaration. According to this principle, higher education is organized according to
the system of transferable points (ECTS) and has three levels:
The first cycle is an undergraduate study that usually lasts 3 to 4 years (according to the
3+2+3 or 4+1+3 system) and carries a total of 180 to 240 ECTS points. Upon completion of
undergraduate studies, students are awarded a bachelor's degree with the addition of the field
that was completed.
The second cycle is a postgraduate study, which lasts 2 years and carries 120 ECTS credits
and the title of Master of Arts or Sciences.
The third, last cycle of higher education is actually a doctoral study which is a continuation of
the master's study and lasts 3 years, and after the completion of this study, the title of Doctor
of Arts or Sciences is awarded.
In addition to these titles, the university can also offer specialist studies lasting one or two
years, which can lead to the title of specialist in a specific field such as medicine.
In accordance with laws and regulations, higher education institutions are financed by the
authorities of the RS or FBIH. Higher education activities are thus governed by the laws of
the RS or FBIH, while at the state level the Ministry of Civil Affairs undertakes the task of
coordinating the higher education activities of the two entities.

"By educating ourselves, we beautify our selves. Let's learn and ask without shame!
Inquiry and research are the roots of knowledge, and thinking and reasoning are the way to
him" (Confucius)

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 CONCLUSION

A quality education system is crucial for young people to stay in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
who often achieve their ambitions precisely in the countries of the European Union. Given
that we are facing this problem more and more often, we should expect changes in the future
to focus on education and the construction of the labor market, which are the only things that
can keep young people in BIH.
Education has direct consequences on social processes and changes, and progress in
citizenship education directly affects the strengthening of democracy and justice in society.
A society cannot survive without education, because it maintains all knowledge, knowledge
and values of a society. Improving the education system improves the overall picture of the
social situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is a long-term result of European
integration.

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 LITERATURE

1. Colo L. (2020) What is the education system like in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Gracanica
2. Korac, N. (2005): Media literacy as the basis of education, Belgrade
3. Ena Jusufbegović (2020) Personal Assistant to Deputy Head of Mission,Embassy of Japan
in Bosnia and Herzegovina
4. Portal: Bosnia and Herzegovina
5. https//www.visitmycountry.net
6. https://blogs.worldbank.org
7. James Gresham, Education Specialist, World Bank Group
8. Sharanaya Ramesh Vasudevan, Education Consultant, World Bank