(1)PROJECT PROFILE

Project Title: Making Environmentally Friendly Bioplastic from Mango Peel Wate

Name of Project Proponent/s : Mikaela Sheeray M. Rodriguez

Region : : III Division: Pampanga

School: Pulung Santol National High School Grade Level : 9

(2)CATEGORY OF RESEARCH (4)THEME

Physical Science Agriculture and Environment

(3)

Individual

(5)EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Plastic derived from petroleum is difficult to decompose and pollutes the environment.

Alternatives to the production of biodegradable plastics exist to reduce the environmental impact

of plastics. The Philippines generates a large amount of waste, which contributes to pollution;

however, if these waste products can be used and converted into plastic, it would be a win-win

situation that would solve two problems at once. The goal of this research is to use mangoe fruit

peel waste to make bioplastic. Making the disposable peel more useful and less disposable will

benefit our country greatly.

(6)INTRODUCTION
(6.1)RATIONALE

Plastic waste is fast becoming a widely recognized problem. When we try to reduce it, it looks

like we are adding more than we are taking away. It is an important material for our economy

and offers multiple benefits to modern life, but it can take hundreds or even thousands of years

for plastic to degrade. It takes up valuable landfill space and pollutes the natural environment.

Plastics that are only used once before being thrown away are the root of the problem as they

take a long time to decompose, which has a significant impact on our oceans. Reducing our

plastic waste offers many benefits, including conserving natural resources, protecting the

environment, and saving money. The benefits of reducing plastic consumption include:

preventing pollution by reducing the amount of new raw materials used, saving energy, reducing

greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to climate change.(em-solutions.co.uk)

A lot of food waste, including uneaten leftovers and spoiled produce, is also occasionally

dumped in landfills rather than plastic. Most people are unaware of how much food waste they

generate daily. (wsra.net)Many fruit peels are thrown away in the Philippines, which made me

wonder whether there was a way to repurpose the leftover peels to reduce both food waste and

plastic pollution. Making a bioplastic using sustainable materials that are readily available in the

Philippines, where we live, is a practical approach that can contribute to the environment's

transition to a greener one.

SIGNIFICANCE

Mango peels constitute about 15 to 20 percent of the total weight of the fruit (Beerh et al,

1976). As such, a total of around 24.7 to 33.0 million kg of mango peels at the processors level

alone are wasted annually considering that these are not utilized for any commercial or value

adding purposes. according to a 2014 report by the Philippine Center for Postharvest

Development and Mechanization “Mango is the country’s national fruit and is considered as one

of the finest in the world large volume of wastes are produced in mango processing plants which

can be utilized for production of valuable product like pectin(rfi.fr)

Mangoes peels are the ideal sustainable resource for making bioplastic because they are

abundant in my country and I have seen an older form of bioplastic from Indonesia that is fully

made of seaweeds and cassava,that’s why I try to look for sustainable things that can be used but

is abundance in my country and mangoes are perfect for that. Mangoes are the national fruit of

the Philippines and are grown by around two and a half million smallholder farmers on over 7

million mango trees. (Croplife.org) everywhere in the Philippines you can see mango trees, they

bear fruit when peak season comes, the peel or skin of the mango fruit is known for covering

and protecting its flesh inside, peels are usually thrown away after being removed , not knowing

its benefits. Some says it can be eaten although it possesses unpleasant taste and has rough

texture, there are also risks in digesting the skin for it contains pesticide residues. By turning the

peel of mangoes into a pectin which is a form a gelatinous substance we can then make a
bioplastic more stable.
(6.2)SCIENTIFIC BASIS

Bio-based plastics, which are plastics produced from plants and other renewable sources, show

promise in reducing plastic pollution and our reliance on fossils fuels. plant-based plastic (also

known as bio-based plastic or bioplastic) will play a role in charting a path towards circularity.

(Arrellfoodinstitute.com)

Mangoes hold a distinct part of the Filipino culture and history. Aside from mangoes being the

national fruit of the Philippines, these tropical fruits can be seen almost anywhere in the country,

with peak season from March to August. With the Philippines included among the top 10 mango

producing countries in the world, no wonder festivals are celebrated in honor of the golden fruit

(primer.com.ph) Mango peel is a potential source of dietary fibre with 5%–11% pectin

depending on the extraction methods and also of fruit varieties [21,22,23]. Moreover, it

comprises considerable various classes of polyphenols, carotenoids and vitamins with excellent

antioxidative and functional properties, Pectin is a soluble fiber (polysaccharide) found in fruits.

It is used as a thickener in cooking and baking. It is also sometimes used to make medicine,

using the pectin from the mangoes will make the bioplastic more stable and flexible
(ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)

Students from Mexican university 'National Polytechnic Institute' (IPN) developed a bioplastic

made from mango peel. The mango bioplastics has similar properties as conventional PET and
could be used to create bottles, cutlery, plates and disposable cups. (Bioplasticnews.com)

A group of Mexican researchers has studied the effect of adding the by-products of mango,

hibiscus, and coffee in the development of bioplastics made from starch. Researchers evaluated

the effect that adding by-products, such as fruit peel and bagasse, would have on a bioplastic's

physical properties (color, texture, morphology, water activity, and biodegradability). "We

developed bioplastics out of starch, gelatin, and glycerol to make a spoon-shaped object (for

food) adding mango peel, roasted coffee residues, and cooked hibiscus calyces, which are rich in

fibers such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin," stated researcher Veronica Flores

Casamayor, from Cinvestav Querétaro Unit.(freshplasa.com) glycerin and pectin almost have the

function, that just means we can replace glycerol by pectin from the peel of mangoes.

(6.3)OBJECTIVES

General :

To develop a simple, affordable method to reduce plastic pollution utilizing the mango peel,

which will simultaneously reduce food waste pollution and plastic pollution and will benefit in

cutting down the amount of space taken up in landfills.

Specific:

1.Reduce the impact that litter has on the environment

2.Create a bioplastic by recycling food waste's throwaway peel.

3.Reduce environmental damage-causing pollution.

(7)RELATED REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Plastic is the third most commonly used petroleum derivative in the world; each year 200

million tons of plastic are consumed on the planet. It comes from a non-renewable source

(petroleum), it is contaminating and non-biodegradable (it can take more than 1000 years to

decompose. (Activesustainability.com) Bioplastic, moldable plastic material made up of

chemical compounds that are derived from or synthesized by microbes such as bacteria or by

genetically modified plants. Unlike traditional plastics, which are derived from petroleum,

bioplastics are obtained from renewable resources, and some bioplastics are biodegradable.
( Brittanica.com)

A staggering 2.7 million tons of plastic waste are generated in the Philippines each year, and an

estimated 20 percent ends up in the ocean. Comprised of more than 7,500 islands, the livelihoods

of the Philippines’ coastal communities, and the fishing, shipping and tourism industries are

especially vulnerable to the impacts of marine debris.(worldbank.org)

In the study, Gragasin evaluated the pectin quality harvested from our native carabao mango

(Mangifera indica) with reference to the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) specifications for

pharmaceutical-grade pectin. According to her, now that we have determined that carabao mango

peels could be a source of USP-standard pectin, we will not only be able to focus our resources

on developing Philippine-produced pectin from mango peels, but that we will be able to generate

income-generating jobs and minimize solid waste materials.(busibessdiary.com)Mango peels that

once lined the surfaces of the mountains of waste products could now be part of an income-

generating process. We can turn to the mango peels that was once discarded and deemed

valueless to supply our pectin demand, the importation of which cost us P2 billion last year, thus
changing it from garbage to gold.(busibessdiary.com)

Mango peels constitute about 15 to 20 percent of the total weight of the fruit (Beerh et al,

1976). As such, a total of around 24.7 to 33.0 million kg of mango peels at the processors level

alone are wasted annually considering that these are not utilized for any commercial or value

adding purposes.Pectin is a group of complex carbohydrate derivatives mainly present within the

primary cell wall and intercellular regions of plants (Voragen et al., 1995). They usually form a

gelatinous substance when combined with sugar and acids.

With high cost of imported pectin, a country like the Philippines with abundant supply of

quality raw materials may find it feasible to set-up factories in order to meet the domestic

requirement for pectin. Aside from this, the Philippines can be a major pectin exporter if all the

projected available mango peels in the country can be utilized for pectin production. Thus,

utilization of mango peels for manufacturing of pectin will boost the country’s economy through

saving of dollar reserves because of less pectin importation, and job generation through the

creation of a new industry thus helping alleviate poverty. Moreover, it would have a very high

impact to the environment through solid wastes reduction by converting them into a valuable

industrial product, thereby saving our planet earth from depletion. (Philmec.gov.ph)
(8)METHODOLOGY

Engineering Procedure

Materials:
Mangoes peel(pectin)
Water Vinegar Cooking pot
Mixing bowl/spatula Step 5. add the pectin
Cornstarch Thermometer powder gradually
Measuring equipment while mixing in a low
Baking trays or foil heat
Cooking pot

Step 6. when it starts

Procedure: to form on a slimy
shape close the stove
Step 1. wash it then
separate the peel
from the bone then
Step 7. place the
formula in the foil and
Step 2. take from shape it whether thick
freezer, let it thaw then or thin
wash once more

Step 8. Once it has

dried, the bioplastic is
Step 3. drain,dry and ready.
grind it until it is a
powder then extract it to
make a pectin

Step 4. water, cornstarch

and vinegar should all be
combined in a cooking pot,
then mix

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