Cấu Tạo Mfd Dh3e

B Revised as per
13.Jun.'17
DH3E-L-A3-SC-E-170525-1389
A 28.Apr.'17 First Issue for Approval
PREPARED CHECKED REVIEWED APPROVED DESCRIPTION
REV. DATE
BY BY BY BY
OWNER
POWER GENERATION CORPORATION 1
THERMAL POWER PROJECT MANAGEMENT BOARD 3
OWNER’S ENGINEER
POWER ENGINEERING CONSULTING JOINT STOCK

COMPANY 2
CONTRACTOR
SUMITOMO CORPORATION
SUB-CONTRACTOR Toshiba Corporation Power System Company (TSB)
Ref.:
DUYEN HAI 3 EXTENSION THERMAL CONTRACT No.：

PROJECT:
POWER PLANT PROJECT DH3EXT-25112014
Document Status: FOR APPROVAL

Document Title:
TRAINING OF GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES
AT TSB'S PREMISES
Project Document No.: Rev.:
DH3E-ZEN-G-TSB-0002 B
Contractor Document No.: Rev.:
DH3E-ZEN-G-TSB-0002 1
1 of 350
Index
1. Generator and Auxiliary System and Gen. Cooling, Shaft sealing and H2 Gas System……….. p. 2
-1.1. Generator and Auxiliary System and Gen. Cooling, Shaft sealing and H2 Gas System….... p. 3
-1.2. Generator Electrical…………………………………………………………………………. p.104
-1.3. Generator Core Overheating Monitor ………………………………………………………. p.160
-1.4. Stator Winding Vibration Monitor…………………………………………………………… p.183
2. Generator AVR & Excitation, Protection and Control System…………………………………. p.240
-2.1. Generator AVR & Excitation Control System……………………………………………… p.241
-2.2. Generator Protection System……………………………………………………………….. p.299
2 of 350
1. Generator and Auxiliary System and Gen. Cooling,
Shaft sealing and H2 Gas System

3 of 350
1.1. Generator and Auxiliary System and Gen. Cooling,
Shaft sealing and H2 Gas System

4 of 350
Duyen Hai 3 Extension

Thermal Power Project
Turbine Generator
TOSHIBA CORPORATION
Energy Systems & Solutions Company
KEIHIN PRODUCT OPERATIONS
Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations - Confidential - 1

5 of 350
Contents
Generator Structure
Toshiba Turbo-generator Outline
Duyen Hai 3 Extension Generator design
Generator Stator
Generator Rotor
Hydrogen Seal and Bearing
Generator Auxiliary System

6 of 350
Generator Outline
TOSHIBA CORPORATION

7 of 350
Introduction of Toshiba’s generator

Growth in Maximum Generator Unit Capacity
8 of 350
1,800
1,690
4p-60Hz
1,600 (1800rpm) 1,565
Generator Capacity (MVA)
1,400 1,389
1,300
1,230 1,270
4p-50Hz
1,200 (1500rpm)
1,120
1,230
1,000 911
2p-60Hz 800 802 934
800 (3600rpm)
634.8 776
600 500
442 2p-50Hz
408 (3000rpm)
400 281 350
200 224
160
0
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Manufacturing Year
9 of 350
2P-60Hz-1,120MVA Generator
The World’s Largest Capacity 2-Pole 60Hz Generator
The first one The latest one

Delivered to domestic Power Delivered to the US customer
Plant in 2000 In 2008
First Latest
Core length 1.0 0.92
Core volume 1.0 0.84
Stator weight 1.0 0.93

10 of 350
2P-60Hz-1,120MVA Generator

4P-50Hz-1300MVA Generator for Nuclear Power Plant
11 of 350

12 of 350
Toshiba Turbo-generator Experiences
Total Units：815 (219,041MVA）

Cooing System Delivery
Stator
Water Cooled Air Cooled
223 Units Export
317 Units Domestic
365 Units 450 Units
Hydrogen
Cooled
275 Units
(Over 5000kVA, Up to Mar. 2016)

13 of 350
Breakdown of Manufacturing Experience
Total Units：815 (219,041MVA）

300
250 Stator Water Cooled

Hydrogen Cooled
Number of Units
200 150 Air Cooled
150 66
100
189
122
50 120
66 94
0
8 3
(Over 5000kVA, Up to Mar. 2016)

14 of 350
Generator capacity vs. Cooling system
0 500 1000 1500

2000
4 Pole Water-cooled H 2 + Water
▲1690
Water
500 1300
H 2 + Water
cooled
▲1230
200 1000
Hydrogen
2 Pole H2
▲670
cooled
300
Air Cooling Method and Coolant
Air
▲250 cooled Parts Stator
Rotor
Cooling Method Core Coil
Water-Cooled Hydrogen Gas Hydrogen Gas Water

Hydrogen-cooled Hydrogen Gas Hydrogen Gas Hydrogen Gas
Air-Cooled Air Air Air

15 of 350
Turbo-Generators Supplied by Toshiba for Thermal Power Plants
Export Total: 392 Units, 100,817 MW (As of Oct. 2015)

16 of 350
Duyen Hai 3 Extension

Generator Design
TOSHIBA CORPORATION

Rating for Duyen Hai 3 Extension generator
17 of 350
Project name Duyen Hai 3

TYPE TAKS-LCH
Capacity kVA 830,000
Voltage V 26000
Ampere A 18431
PF 0.85
Frequency Hz 50
Rating SCR short circuit ratio at rated voltage N.L.T 0.5 not less than
H2 Pressure bar 5.2
Cooling water temp. deg 38
Ambient temp. deg 46
Applicable standard IEC60034(2010)
Insulation Class / Rise F-B
Excitation system Static

18 of 350

Cooling system
Armature winding Water-direct
Stator core H2 - direct
Field winding H2 - direct
Stator core lõi stator

Design Stator core support đỡ lõi stator Spring Plate lò xo dạng thanh
Core fixing cố định lõi Key bar & Flange thanh dàn và vành
mép
Material vật liệu GO silicon steel lá thép kỹ thuật
điện
Armature winding cuộn dây phần ứng

Stator bar thanh stator Unequal coil cuộn dây k đồng
đều
Copper strand dây đồng Mixed strand

19 of 350

Insulation system hệ thống cách điện Resin rich nhựa
cố định cuộn trong rãnhCoil fixing in the slot Top&Side Ripple
cố định cuối cuộn dây End winding support Sliding support system cố định dạng trượt
kết nối cuối cuộn Coil end connection Solid type clip kẹp
Output connection Gas cooled HVB
Design Stator frame khung

Cooler arrangement 4 coolers, vertical

20 of 350

Rotor structure cấu tạo rotor
Rotor ventilation Diagonal flow
Mounted Axial fan
Damper system Damper ring
nêm đệm Rotor wedge Al & Non-magnetic steel Al và thép không
từ tính
Design Others
Bearing metal Elliptical Sliding bearing

H2 seal Oil seal system
Filed current Slip ring & carbon brush
Continuous Scavenging
Oil seal system
oil sealing

21 of 350
Generator Stator Structure
TOSHIBA CORPORATION

22 of 350
Retaining Ring
Stator Core Rotor Retain rotor winding
Support stator winding Electromagnet vòng chắn
Magnetic flux path nam châm điện Collector (room)

Stator Winding hỗ trợ dẫn từ thông Provide d.c. to make
Flow generated electrical current rotor electromagnet
Fan
Ventilate cooling gas
Bearing
Support rotor Frame
Bushing
Rotor Winding Support stator core
khung Send electric power
Flow d.c. to make rotor Cooler to transmission line
electromagnet Remove generated heat
23 of 350 Stator construction
Stator Frame Fabrication
Multi Section
for Ventilation
Machining of one half piece
Fabrication
・ Qualified Welder
・ Tracer Gas Leak Test after
Final Assembly
Joint of two pieces by welding
lõi sator
khung stator
bệ đỡ lò xo Stator Core ・ Low Loss

- Grain-oriented silicon
sheet steel
- Core step backs
- Flux shield
・ Clamping with high
pressure
・ Isolation of magnetic
Core Stacking by Robot Stator Core Inserting vibration
lõi cán mỏng
Core
Lamination
Core Step
Backs
Outer Spacer
Bars
Flux Shunt
Copper Flux
Shield
Completed Core Assembly Spring Plates and Key Bars

Stator Core Vibration

Rotation
Core
Spring support
Deformation
2 pole turbine generator
Two times frequency of its rating

Spring Support System of Stator Core
Stator Core
Flange
Core
Laminations
Key Bars
Spring Plates
Section Plate tấm lò xo

Nut Key Bar

Stator Core Structure Stator Frame Nut
Core Flange Stator Core Core Flange
Finger plate Finger plate

Press Force by Core Flange
Press Force by Outside Space Block Flat Surface
Stator Core is fixed by

core flange and Finger
No through Bolts
plate
Core Cooling Ventilation Duct Core Lamination

Stator Core End Structure
Core Lamination
Wedge
Stator Windings
Core Step
Back
Finger
plate
Copper Shield khối thép phi từ tính

Copper Shield Flux Shunt
Stator Core
Finger plate
Core Flange Flux Shunt
(Applied for large capacity generator)
Stator Bar
HOLLOW STRAND
WEDGE
SLIDE WEDGE
FILLER
SIDE FILLER
MAIN INSULATION
RTD OR FILLER
SIDE FILLER MAIN INSULATION
SOLID STRAND CONFORMING STRIP

Loss Comparison between Equal

& Unequal Section Coils
LOSS EDDY CURRENT LOSS

% D.C. LOSS
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
TOP BOTTOM TOP BOTTOM
BAR BAR BAR BAR
EQUAL SECTION UNEQUAL SECTION
COILS COILS

Stator Bars Fixed in Slot
1.STATOR CORE
2.INSIDE SPACE BLOCKS
3.OUTSIDE SPACE BLOCK
4.STATOR TOP BAR
5.STATOR BOTTOM BAR
6.WEDGES
7.TAPER SLIDE WEDGES
8.SLOT FILLER
9.SLOT FILLER
10.DOWEL
11.EPOXY
12.SPACER (FILLER)
13.PROTECTION SHEET

Stator Coil Assembly
Coil End Support Assembly Bottom Bar Insertion
・ Assembly in Clean Area
Stator Coil End Binding

Stator End Winding Support System

Core End Stator Coil
Core End Nose Ring

Flange
Binding Ring
Support Binding Ring
Brackets Support
Sliding Pin Permanent Ring
Strap
Support Inner End Shield
Brackets
Bearing Pad
Sliding Pin
Sliding
Directions

34 of 350 Stator cooling water system
Cooling Water Flow

Turbine Side Collector Side
Insulation tube
Solid connection
Thermocouple
Bar connected Phase Ring

to Phase ring
Thermocouple
Outlet header pipe Inlet header pipe

Stator Coil End Support Design

FEM analysis of natural frequency and response
Isolated natural frequency from

rated & twice of rated frequency
Low vibration response Vibration Mode

36 of 350
Raw material for main parts
Item Material
Stator frame Structural steel (Carbon Eq. limited)
Key bar Mn based structural steel bar
Spring bar Cr Mo alloy steel
Stator core Grain oriented silicon steel
Finger bar Stainless steel
Core flange Structural steel (welding)
Hollow strand Ox free copper with double glass
insulation
Solid strand Tough pitch copper with double glass
insulation
Main insulation Resin rich mica tape

37 of 350
Item Material
Coil clip Ox free copper
Phase ring connection Ox free copper
Insulation hose Teflon hose
Other Insulation parts Polyester glass mat (Ref. St. wedge)
Epoxy glass roving (Insulation ring) thủy tinh epoxy (vòng
cách điện)
Polyimide glass lamination (Ripple spring)
Inner end shield Structural steel
Fan nozzle ring Aluminum casting

High Voltage Bushing Assembly

Lead
Connection
Ring
Low PRESSURE
LOW Pressure Area
AREA
Flexible Lead
dây nối mềm
Terminal Box
Terminal Box
High Pressure Area Bottom Plate
Bushing
Current
Transformers
High Voltage
Bushings
Terminal Clamp

Cooling Gas Flow in H.V.B.

OUT
CONNECTOR VENT TUBE
GUIDING DISC
INSULATION
IN IN TUBE
DUCT
FLANGE
BUSHING
CURRENT
TRANSFORMER
(B.C.T)
HOLES
CONDUCTOR

40 of 350
Generator Rotor Structure
TOSHIBA CORPORATION

41 of 350
Generator Rotor Overview

Integrated Coupling Corner Radius
Rotor Fan
Retaining Ring
(18Mn-18Cr) Filleted
Coil Wedge
Collector Fan
Rotor Shaft
(Ni-Cr-Mo-V)
Bottom Turn
Solid Type Pole to

Pole Connector
chô kết nói cực tính Maiｎ Lead

42 of 350 Rotor construction
Retaining Field Axial Flow

Rotor Assembly Rotor Wedge Ring Winding Fan
Balance
Weight
Shaft
Terminal Lead
Torque Nut TERMINAL NUT
Flange
Insulation TERMINAL INSULATION
Bushing (TOP)
Gasket
Terminal
Insulation
(Bottom)
Iron Core Insulation

Bushing
Cross Section Axial Flow Fan Terminal Stud
Mounting Position
Rotor Manufacturing
phây trục roto

Shaft Slot Milling Rotor Coil Assembly High Speed Balancing
・ Coil Assembly in Clean Seasoning

Room Heat Run Start & Stop
・ Low Vibration by High [rpm]
Testing Testing
Speed Balancing (%)

Rating
Speed
Probe
Testing
Over Speed
Testing
・ Seasoning for Thermal 100
Warming
Vibration Stability
- Heat Run Testing
- Start and Stop Testing
High Speed Balancing
Connection Diagram of Rotor Winding

Pole 1
Collector Ring
Internal (+)
Collector Ring
External (-)
Terminal Stud
Pole 2
45 of 350
Item Material
Shaft forging 3.5 Ni 1.75 Cr Mo V forging alloy
Retaining ring material 18Mn-18Cr N2 Low carbon alloy
Rotor wedge A2024 aluminum alloy &
Cr Ni non-magnetic steel
Rotor coil 0.1 % Silver bearing copper
Damper ring Copper based aluminum alloy
Rotor fan blade High strength aluminum alloy
Slip ring Ni Cr alloy
D-Lead bar Tough pitch copper (Cold drawn)
Insulation material Epoxy-Glass lamination

DIRECT-CONDUCTOR-COOLED ROTOR
(GAP-PICKUP TYPE)
ROTATION
WEDGE FLUSH INLET

SCOOP
CREEPAGE
BLOCK TURN
INSULATION
INLET
REGION OUTLET
REGION
SLOT
ARMOR
EXTRUDED
COPPER
CHANNEL

Rotor Coil End (1/2)
Creepage
Block End Ring Short Ring
Insulation
Coil
Slot
Damper Ring
(Aluminum Amortisseur)
Coil End
End Ring
To Collector Ring Support

Rotor Coil End (2/2)

Space Block
vòng giữ
Space Block Retaining Ring(R/R)
R/R Insulator Armortissuer

giảm chấn

Collector Rings
Exhaust
Brush Holder Handle
Brush
Cooling
Air
Collector Ring

50 of 350
Hydrogen seal / Bearing Structure
TOSHIBA CORPORATION

51 of 350 Hydrogen seal and bearing
Generator Bearing Brackets
ROTOR
BEARING METAL (COLLECTOR SIDE) ROTOR FAN
(LOWER HALF)
INNER OIL
DEFLECTOR
HYDROGEN
SEAL RING
INNER BEARING
RING
BEARING BRACKET AT CLLECTOR SIDE OUTER BEARING
RING
INSULATING
PLATE (*)
CCOLLECTOR
INSULATING
TURBINE INSIDE
SIDE SIDE BLOCK (*)
BEARING
BRACKET
(LOWER HALF)
SUPPORT RING OF OUTER OIL DEFLECTOR

CROSS SECTION OF BEARING BRACKET NOTE: (*) INSTALLED AT COLLECTOR SIDE ONLY

Shaft Sealing
Machine inside Machine Outside Shaft Sealing Device
(Hydrogen Side)
Seal Casing - Outer
Seal Casing - Inner
Bearing
Inner Bearing Ring
Outer Bearing Ring
Seal Oil Feed

Outer End Shield
Bearing
Elliptical Sleeve Journal Bearing
Bearing Upper Half
Spherical Shell
Oil Guide Groove
Dowel Hole
Upper Half Oil

Tie Bolt Hole
Guide Groove
Vibration Detector
Oil Feed Hole Insertion Hole Collector end bearing
is doubly electrical
insulated
Tightening Tap
Dowel Hole
Thermocouple Oil Drain Hole
Insertion Hole
Spherical Shell
Bearing Lower Half
OUTER END OUTER END

SHIELD SHIELD
BEARING CAP HYDROGEN

OIL SEAL BEARING CAP
SEAL
INNER OIL BEARING VIBRATION
INNER OIL
DEFLECTOR DETECTOR
OUTER OIL DEFLECTOR
OUTER OIL
DEFLECTOR
DEFLECTOR
Turbine Collector
Inside
Side Side
BEARING METAL BEARING METAL
ALIGNMENT KEY ALIGNMENT KEY

Hydrogen Seal
Hydrogen
Seal Casing
Spring
Seal Ring Segment
Oil Deflector
Seal Ring
L of Shaft
C
・ H2 Gas seal;
- Single Flow Type
- Seal Ring Two 180°
Segments bolted together
Oil Drain
- Babbitt Metal lined inner
at Air Side Side of Seal Ring
Oil Drain
at Hydrogen Side - Seal Oil Pressure 0.5bar
Oil Feed Higher than inner
H2 Gas Pressure
Seal Ring
Sealing Ring and Casing

Insulation Plate Hydrogen Sealing Oil
Seal Casing System
Spring
Seal Rings
Oil Groove
Machine
Machine Outside
Inside
Oil
Deflector
(Inside of the (Bearing chamber )

Oil
main body)
Deflector Flow Of Seal Oil
Seal Oil Press:
0.05 bar Higher Than The Rotor Journal
Rotor Internal H2 Gas Press.
57 of 350
Generator Auxiliary System
TOSHIBA CORPORATION

58 of 350
 Seal Oil System

 Hydrogen Gas Control System
 Stator Cooling Water System

59 of 350
 Seal Oil System


60 of 350 Shaft seal oil system
Bearing Cross Section

INNER OIL DEFLECTOR
SEAL RING
OIL SEAL CASING
INNER BEARING SEAT
OUTER BEARING
SEAT
BEARING
METAL
TO OIL FLOW
SIGHT
BEARING OIL FEED
BEARING OIL DRAIN
SEAL OIL DRAIN

SEAL OIL FEED

Hydrogen Seal Casing

H2 SEAL CASING
SPRING
SEAL RING OIL DEFLECTOR

SEGMENT
ROTOR
Seal Oil Press:
50kPa Higher Than The Internal H2
Gas Press.
OIL DRAIN AT AIR SIDE
OIL DRAIN AT H2 SIDE
OIL FEED

Shaft Sealing Device
SHAFT SEALING DEVICE ASSEMBLY SEAL RING

Generator Sealing Oil System

Hydrogen Detraining Section
(Sealing Oil Enlargement)
Lubricating Oil Feed
Sealing Oil Feed Sealing Oil
Strainer
Generator
Vent
ROTOR
Flow
Meter
Vent
H2 Manifold
Vent
Air
To Turbine Float Trap
Detraining
Lubricating Section Emergency Sealing Oil Pump (ESOP)
Oil Feed Line
CO2 Manifold
From Turbine
Lubricating
Oil Feed Line Sealing Oil Pressure Main Sealing Oil Pump(MSOP)
Flowmeter Regulating
Valve
This document is CONFIDENTIAL and is the INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY of
TOSHIBA CORPORATION. It must not be copied, loaned or transferred,60 nor must the
Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations -Confidential
information - to any third party without their written permission.
it contains be disclosed

1) Normal Operation Hydrogen Detraining Section
Strainer
Generator
Vent
ROTOR
Flow
Meter
Vent
H2 Manifold
Vent
Air
Detraining
Oil Feed Line
CO2 Manifold
From Turbine
Lubricating
Valve

2) Emergency Seal Oil Pump Running Hydrogen Detraining Section
Strainer
Generator
Vent
ROTOR
Flow
Meter
Vent
H2 Manifold
Vent
Air
Detraining
Oil Feed Line
CO2 Manifold
From Turbine
Lubricating
Valve

3) Turbine Lube Oil Pump Running Hydrogen Detraining Section
Strainer
Generator
Vent
ROTOR
Flow
Meter
Vent
H2 Manifold Danger:
Vent In this case, the hydrogen-
gas pressure in the
generator casing should be
below 0.5 bar.
Air
Detraining
Oil Feed Line
CO2 Manifold
From Turbine
Lubricating
Valve

4) Main Seal Oil Pump Running (Self Circulating Circuit) Hydrogen Detraining Section
Strainer
Generator
Vent
ROTOR
Flow
Meter
Vent
H2 Manifold
Vent
Air
Detraining
Oil Feed Line
CO2 Manifold
From Turbine
Lubricating
Valve
1.1 normal shaft seal oil circuit

Turbine-Lube Turbine-Lube
Oil Tank Oil Pump Oil Cooler
Pressure Differential
Main Seal Oil Pump Regulating valve Pressure
(Relief Valve) Regulating valve
Hydrogen
H2 side Detraining Float Trap
Section
Shaft Seals
Turbine-Lube
Air side Air Detraining Section Oil Tank

1.2 emergency shaft seal oil circuit
1) EMERGENCY SEAL OIL PUMP RUNNING
Turbine-Lube Oil Tank Turbine-Lube Oil Pump Oil Cooler
Emergency Pressure Differential Pressure

Seal Oil Pump Regulating valve Regulating valve
Hydrogen
Section
Shaft Seals
Air Detraining Turbine-Lube
Air side Section Oil Tank

2) TURBINE LUBE OIL PUMP RUNNING
Turbine-Lube Oil Tank Turbine-Lube Oil Pump Oil Cooler
Hydrogen
Float
H2 side Detraining
Differential Trap
Section
Pressure
Shaft Seals
Regulating
valve Air Detraining
Air side Section
Danger:
In this case, the hydrogen-gas pressure in the Turbine-Lube
generator casing should be below 0.5 bar. Oil Tank

3) MAIN SEAL OIL PUMP RUNNING (SELF CIRCULATING CIRCUIT)
Differential
Main Seal Oil Pressure Pressure
Pump Regulating valve Regulating
(Relief Valve) valve
Hydrogen
Section
Shaft Seals
Air Detraining Main Seal Oil
Air side Section Pump

72 of 350
 Seal Oil System


73 of 350 Gas control system
Normal Operation
GENERATOR
ROTOR
TO VENT
H2 Detraining Sec.
Drain Pot
H2 GAS
H2 GAS PRESSURE
DRY MEASURING RACK
CONTROL VALVE TO VENT
AIR
Depress. Valve of
Hydrogen
Cylinder
HYDROGEN GAS RACK CARBON DIOXIDE RACK

Fill up H2 gas
( Stage-1 : purge air by CO2 gas )
AIR
GENERATOR MIXED GAS ( AIR + CO2 )
Casing Inside Press. CO2 GAS
0.1 to 0.3 bar
ROTOR
TO VENT
Final purging gas purity is 70 ~ 90 %

H2 Detraining Sec.
Drain Pot
H2 GAS
H2 GAS PRESSURE
TO VENT MEASURING RACK
CONTROL VALVE
Adjustment
TO UNIT-2 71～106 cft
(２～３ｍ３)
Carbon dioxide required capacity:
Generator casing capacity*(1 ~ 1.5)

Fill up H2 gas
( Stage-2 : purge CO2 gas by H2 gas )
H2 GAS
GENERATOR MIXED GAS ( H2 + CO2 )
CO2 GAS
Casing Inside Press. Final purging gas purity is 90 ~ 95 %
0.1 to 0.3 bar ROTOR
TO VENT
（it is 95% or more with the
hydrogen gas purity meter.）
After a substitution, H2 Detraining Sec.
casing inside press.
shall be regulated.
Drain Pot
H2 GAS
H2 GAS PRESSURE TO VENT
MEASURING RACK
CONTROL VALVE
TO UNIT-2
Hydrogen gas required capacity： Adjustment

Generator casing capacity * (2 ~ 2.5) 71～106 cft
(２～３ｍ３)

Purge H2 gas
( Stage-1 : purge H2 gas by CO2 gas )
H2 GAS
GENERATOR MIXED GAS ( H2 + CO2 )
Casing Inside Press. CO2 GAS
0.1 to 0.3 bar Final purging gas purity is 95%
or more CO2 Gas
ROTOR
TO VENT
H2 Detraining Sec.
Drain Pot
H2 GAS
MEASURING RACK
CONTROL VALVE
Adjustment
TO UNIT-2 71～106 cft
(２～３ｍ３)
Carbon dioxide gas capacity：
Casing capacity * 2

Purge H2 gas
( Stage-2 : purge CO2 gas by air )
DRY AIR
GENERATOR MIXED GAS ( AIR + CO2 )
Casing Inside Press.
CO2 GAS
0.1 to 0.3 bar
ROTOR
TO VENT
Final purging gas purity is 95% or more

H2 Detraining Sec.
Drain Pot
H2 GAS
DRY MEASURING RACK
CONTROL VALVE
AIR
Adjustment
TO UNIT-2
Air capacity：
71～106 cft
Casing volume * ( 2 ~ 2.5)
(２～３ｍ３)

78 of 350
 Seal Oil System


Cross Section of Water-cooled Stator Bars
thanh rỗng
Hollow Strand Bar Mixed Strand Bar Mixed Strand Bar
(Combination of one whole (Combination of one whole
and one solid strand) and two solid strand)

Cooling Water Flow

Insulation tube
Solid connection
Thermocouple
Bar connected Phase Ring

to Phase ring
Thermocouple
Outlet header pipe Inlet header pipe

Connection of Stator Coil End
Solid Connection
Thermocouple
Header Pipe
Insulation tube

Generator Stator Cooling Water System

ＳＴＯＲＡＧＥＴＡＮＫＶＥＮＴ
ＣＯＯＬＩＮＧＷＡＴＥＲＤＲＡＩＮ
ＣＡＳＩＮＧＴＡＮＫＶＥＮＴ

ＯＵＴＤＯＯＲＳ
ＣＯＯＬＩＮＧＷＡＴＥＲ
ＦＥＥＤ
ＢＡＲＩＮＢＯＴＴＯＭＯＦＳＬＯＴ
ＦＬＯＷＭＥＴＥＲ
ＯＲＩＦＩＣＥ
ＯＮＥＰＡＴＨ SYSTEM
ＢＡＲＩＮＴＯＰＯＦＳＬＯＴＷＡＴＥＲＳＴＲＡＧＥＴＡＮＫ

Insulated connection pipe Insulated connection pipe
ＰＲＥＳＳＵＲＥＴＥＭＰ．ＣＯＮＴＲＯＬ
ＨＥＡＤＥＲ
ＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＶＡＬＶＥＶＡＬＶＥ
ＤＲＡＩＮ
ＣＯＮＤＵＣＴＩＶＩＴＹ
ＣＯＮＤＵＣＴＩＶＩＴＹＭＥＴＥＲ
ＭＥＴＥＲ
Ａ
ＤＥＩＯＮＩＺＥＲ
ＦＩＬＴＥＲ
ＭＡＫＥＵＰ
ＭＡＩＮＦＩＬＴＥＲＣＯＯＬＥＲ（Ａ）ＳＴＡＴＯＲ

ＣＯＯＬＩＮＧ
ＵＳＥＡＬＤＲＡＩＮ
ＷＡＴＥＲ
ＰＵＭＰ
ＣＯＯＬＥＲ
（Ｂ）
Ｂ
ＦＬＯＷＭＥＴＥＲ
ＣＯＮＤＵＣＴＩＶＩＴＹＭＥＴＥＲ

Stator Cooling Water System Circuit
Storage Stator Cooling Water Stator Cooling Water

Tank Pump Cooler
Temperature Pressure
Filter
Control Valve Control Valve
Filter Deionizer Filter Make up

Water
Stator
Strainer Storage Tank
Winding

Stator Cooling Water Unit

COOLING
STORAGE TANK
WATER DEIONIZER STORAGE TANK
OUTLET LEVEL SWITCH
TO GEN
COOLING WATER
INLET FROM GEN
SCW
FILTER TEMPERATURE SCWP
PRESSURE COOLERS
CONTROL
CONTROL
VALVE
VALVE

85 of 350
Generator Ventilation system
TOSHIBA CORPORATION
86 of 350 Ventilation system
ROTOR & STATOR COOLING ZONE H2 GAS COOLER

A C
TE CE
ROTOR FAN
B D

DIRECT ROTOR COOLING
INLET SCOOPS (COLD GAS)
WEDGES
ROTOR COIL

STATOR SEGREGATING BAFFLE
GAP BAFFLE STATOR CORE
HOT COLD GAS HOT

GAS GAS
ROTOR

TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION
IN
ROTOR COILS & AIR GAP
CENTRE OF STATOR
STATOR CORE WITHOUT GAP BAFFLES WITH GAP BAFFLES CORE END
40
℃)
ROTOR BAR
30
(TOP TURN)
TEMPERATURE RISE(
20
AIR GAP
10
0
AIR GAP
BAFFLE
STATOR IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT
GAP BAFFLES
RETAINING
RING
ROTOR

Stator Core End Cooling & Flux Shield

Hydrogen Gas Cooler
BOTTOM SIDE
TOP SIDE
BOTTOM SIDE
TOP SIDE

92 of 350
Generator Monitoring
TOSHIBA CORPORATION
93 of 350
GENERATOR SENSORS
DETECTORS TYPE NUMBER SENSOR

STATOR COIL TEMP RTD 18 POINTS DUPLEX
H2 GAS COOLERS INLET TEMP. RTD 4 POINTS DUPLEX
H2 GAS COOLERS OUTLET TEMP. RTD 4 POINTS DUPLEX
ST COIL COOLING WATER OUTLET TEMP. TC 48 POINTS DUPLEX
STATOR CORE END TEMP TC 24 POINTS ON EACH TURB./COLL. DUPLEX
BEARING METAL TEMP. TC 1 POINT ON EACH TURB./COLL. BRG. DUPLEX
COLLECTOR AIR TEMP. RTD 2 POINTS DUPLEX
BEARING VIBRATION DETECTOR 2 POINTS ON EACH TURB./COLL. BRG.
STATOR COIL VIBRATION SENSOR 3 POINTS ON EACH TURB./COLL.
FLUX PROBE 1 POINT

94 of 350
STATOR COIL TEMP. RTD (1/2)
Wedge
Stator Core
Upper Coil
Insulation 24 RTDs are installed between upper

RTD & bottom coil.
Bottom Coil
RTD: RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTOR

95 of 350
STATOR COIL TEMP. RTD (2/2)
WEDGE
SLIDE WEDGE
DETAILS CONNECTION OF RTD
FILLER
RTD: PLATINUM
0℃－100Ω-
2mA
WHITE
RTD
RED
RED
R R W
CONFORMING STRIP

H2 GAS COOLERS INLET & OUTLET TEMP. RTD
96 of 350
8 RTDs are arranged at

the inlet and outlet of each COOLER A COOLER C
H2 gas coolers.
RTD RTD RTD

C1-1 “A” C5-1 C7-1 RTD
C1-2 C5-2 C7-2 C3-1
C3-2
RTD RTD
C6-1 C8-1
RTD RTD
C2-1 C6-2 C8-2 C4-1
C2-2 C4-2
COOLER B COOLER D

ST COIL COOLING WATER OUTLET TEMP. TC (1/2)
97 of 350
48 Thermocouples (DUPLEX) are

provided in the Stator Cooling Water
Outlet.
48 Slots
VIEW FROM TURBINE END

ST COIL COOLING WATER OUTLET TEMP. TC (2/2)
98 of 350
To Outlet Header
Clip
Stator Bar Insulation Cover
Connector
Flexible Insulation Tube
“A”
DETAIL “A”
Inlet Header
DETAIL OF
Outlet Header DETECTOR
99 of 350
STATOR CORE END TEMP. TC
SIDE VIEW OF GENERATOR
Thermocouple is copper-
constantan.
Type-E (IEC 584 Standard).
24 Thermocouples (DUPLEX)
are arranged between the core
punching.

100 of 350
BEARING METAL TEMP. TC
THERMOCOUPLE THERMOCOUPLE
1 point of bearing metal temp. TC is

arranged on each No.9 & No.10 BRG.

101 of 350
BEARING VIBRATION DETECTOR
Bearing metal
vibration pickup
Bearing cap
Outer oil
Bearing seat (inner) deflector
Rotor Shaft Bearing metal
Gen. Inside Coll. End
Eddy current sensor
Rotor Shaft
View from Collector End to Turbine End

2 points of vibration
detector are arranged on
each No.5 & No.6 BRG.

102 of 350
STATOR WINIDNG VIBRATION SENSOR
12 vibration pickups are arranged

on the stator winding end.

103 of 350
FLUX PROBE
Stator Core
Flexible Support
Stator Coil End
Sensor
Rotor Retaining Ring
Flux Probe

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1.2. Generator Electrical

TGDK2017E1017
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Generator design
Contents
-Generator design and operation
-Start-up operation and Short term operation
-Monitoring
TOSHIBA CORPORATION

TOSHIBA CORPORATION. It must not be copied, loaned or transferred, nor must the
information it contains be disclosed to any third party without their written permission.
TGDK2017E1017
106 of 350 Generator Basics Review
1, Principle: Mechanical-Electrical Generator

Energy Conversion
2, Constant Frequency: Three-
Phase Synchronous Machine
Relationship between rotating Turbine
speed & number of poles
Ns＝120 f/ P
where, Ns ：rotation per minute
f：frequency、 P：number of poles
2-pole machine： 4-pole: Fleming’s right hand
50Hz：3,000rpm :1,500rpm rule:Ｕ=ｖ×B
60Hz：3,600rpm :1,800rpm This document is CONFIDENTIAL and is the INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY of
TGDK2017E1017
Electro motive
dφ
Magnetic
Force
V =− = 4.44 fnφ
Fluxφ dt
Stator(Armature) φ= BS (Flux Density x Area)
Winding
B ∝ If × nf (Field Current x No. Turns)
N P = VIa (Stator voltage x current)
To increase output P?
Rotating speed (f=Frequency) ↑
n=Turns of winding↑
S Field (Rotor) Current↑
Winding Size↑
Rotor
Shaft Limitation
Electrical, Thermal, Mechanical
Manufacturing, Transportation
TGDK2017E1017
108 of 350
Generator terminal voltage and armature current

Armature current Ｉ
3Phase AC Voltage wave
Terminal voltage U ＶＷ
(Line to Line voltage) Phase Phase Phase
Ｖ／√３Ｖ
Ｗ Phase
Ｖ Phase
𝑉𝑉
Generator capacity[VA]= × 𝐼𝐼 × 3 = 3 × 𝑉𝑉 × 𝐼𝐼
3
Generator output power[W]=capacity x power factor
TGDK2017E1017
Retaining Ring
Stator Core Rotor Retain rotor winding
Support stator winding Electromagnet
Magnetic flux path Collector (room)
Stator Winding Provide d.c. to make
Flow generated electrical current rotor electromagnet
Fan
Ventilate cooling gas
Bearing Frame
Bushing
Support rotor Support stator core
Send electric power
to transmission line
Rotor Winding Cooler
Flow d.c. to make rotor Remove generated heat This document is CONFIDENTIAL and is the INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY of
electromagnet information it contains be disclosed to any third party without their written permission.
TGDK2017E1017
110 of 350
Ratings
Rating plate example
IEEE std C50.13 2005 IEC 60034-1 2004
Items are according to reference standard and customer’s requirement.

TGDK2017E1017
Electrical & Mechanical Types

(Toshiba internal)
Electrical Mechanical
TAKS, TAKL LCH, ICH, RCH
T・・・Three phase L・・・Liquid cooled
A・・・Synchronous machine I・・・Hydrogen cooled
K・・・Rotating field with damper R・・・Air cooled
S・・・Static excitation C・・・Direct coupling with turbine
L・・・Brushless excitation H・・・Cylindrical rotor

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GENERATOR RATINGS
A.C.GENERATOR
PHASE 3 TYPE TAKS FORM LCH
POLES 2 kVA 934000 RPM 3000
VOLTS 26000 AMPERES 20741 Hz 50
RATING. CONT. GAS PRESS. 5.2 bar.g
POWER FACTOR 0.85 INLET COOLANT TEMP. 46℃
EXCITATION VLOTS 590 FIELD AMPERES 5550
STATOR TEMP. RISE 74℃ FIELD TEMP. RISE 64℃
STATOR CONNECTION Y
STATOR INSULATION CLASS F ROTOR INSULATION CLASS F
STANDARD SPECIFICATION IEC 60034-1 (2004)
TOSHIBA CORPORATION MADE IN JAPAN

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GENERATOR RATINGS
TYPE ROTATING FIELD, CYLINDRICAL ROTOR,
TOTALLY ENCLOSED, SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
RATED CAPACITY 830000 kVA RATED CONTINUOUS
NO. OF PHASE THREE (3) PHASE
RATED FREQUENCY 50Hz
NO. OF POLES 2
RATED SPEED 3000 min-1
RATED VOLTAGE 26.0kV
RATED POWER FACTOR 0.85 LAGGING
COOLING STATOR WINDING DIRECT WATER COOLED
STATOR CORE DIRECT H2 COOLED
ROTOR DIRECT H2 COOLED
INSULATION CLASS 155(F)-B rise
TEMPERATURE RISE NOT EXCEED THOSE PERMITTED FOR CLASS B INSULATION
SHORT CIRCUIT RATIO NOT LESS THAN 0.48
APPLIED STANDARD IEC 60034-1（2010）
TGDK2017E1017
114 of 350 Temperature Limit
IEC60034-1 2010
IEEE C50.13 2005
Class Class Measurement TOSHIBA
Stator Winding 130(B) 155(F) by GENERATOR
Indirectly air cooled 125℃ 150℃ ETD RCH
Indirectly hydrogen cooled
Absolute hydrogen pressure < 150kPa 125℃ 145℃ ETD
>150kPa < 200kPa 120℃ 140℃ ETD
>200kPa < 300kPa 118℃ 138℃ ETD ICH
>300kPa < 400kPa 113℃ 133℃ ETD
>400kPa 110℃ 130℃ ETD
12kV <Generator Voltage < 24kV Reduced by 1℃ for each 1kV
>24kV by agreement
Directly cooled* 120℃ 145℃ ETD
(*IEEE Std C50.13™-2005 110℃ 130℃) LCH
Directly liquid cooled 90℃ 90℃ TC
(Liquid discharge from bar)
Rotor Winding
Number of radial outlet region of rotor ventilation
1 and 2 100℃ 115℃ Resistance
3 and 4 105℃ 120℃ Resistance
6 110℃ 125℃ Resistance Diagonal
8 to 14 115℃ 130℃ Resistance Flow
above 14 120℃ 135℃ Resistance Radial Flow
Almost Customer request: This document is CONFIDENTIAL and is the INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY of
155(F) class design with 130(B) class temp. limit information it contains be disclosed to any third party without their written permission.
TGDK2017E1017
Water Cooled Stator with Diagonal Flow Rotor
(GAP-PICKUP TYPE)
ROTATION
WEDGE FLUSH INLET

SCOOP
CREEPAGE
BLOCK TURN
INSULATION
INLET
REGION OUTLET
REGION
SLOT
ARMOR EXTRUDED
COPPER
CHANNEL
Ex. : Temperature Rise Limit of Duyen Hai 3 TG

Rating:26.0kV-LCH-5.2barg
Water temp. to cooler 38℃
→Cooling gas temp. 46℃
→stator cooling water temp. 46℃
→Number of outlet region: 8
Stator 90-46=44K(TC)
Rotor 115-46=69K TOSHIBA CORPORATION. It must not be copied, loaned or transferred, nor must the
TGDK2017E1017
Ranges of Voltage & Frequency

Temperature rise limits on rating plate are applied only at rated V & F.
At certain parts of the

Rated Voltage
& Frequency
boundary of the shaded
area causes
temperature rises to
increase by up to 10K
approximately.
Frequency -2% Frequency +2%
May cause insulation to
age thermally at
approximately 2 to 6
times its normal rate.
As per the standard
TGDK2017E1017
Ranges of Voltage & Frequency

dφ +5%V
V =− = 4.44 fnφ ⇒+5% electric stress
dt for ground insulation.
φ= BS Increase core loss.
B ∝ If × nf
P = VIa
+3%F,
-5%F
⇒+3% Over-speed.
⇒+5% If
Increase copper loss.
-5%V, constant P
⇒+5% current.
Increase copper loss.
TGDK2017E1017
118 of 350
Saturation Curves and Short circuit Ratio (SCR)

Open Circuit Open Circuit Field Current Ifo: Required
(No Load) Saturation field current to generate rated armature
voltage at open circuit
Air Gap Line
Checking Ifo may find symptom of rotor
Rated V Rated I
layer short.
Armature Voltage & Current [p.u.]
3P Short Circuit Field Current Ifs: Required

field current to generate rated armature
current at 3 phase short circuit
ＳＣＲ：Short Circuit Ratio
SCR =Ifo/Ifs (=1/Xds)
Short Circuit IEC standard requirement >0.35
Saturation Typical customer’s requirement>0.48
Japanese power companies>0.58
Ifo Ifs SCR↑：Stability↑, Generator Size↑
Field Current [A] This document is CONFIDENTIAL and is the INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY of
ESTIMATED SATURATION AND SYNCHRONOUS
119 of 350
TGDK2017E1017
IMPEDANCE CURVES
ESTIMATED SATURATION AND SYNCHRONOUS
IMPEDANCE CURVES of Duyen Hai 3 TG
・Open Circuit Field Current Ifo: 1859A

・3P Short Circuit Field Current Ifs:3172A
・SCR：Short Circuit Ratio=1859A/3172A=0.586
SCR =Ifo/Ifs (=1/Xds)
(These curves are written in Turbine generator design data
(EKC003458))

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Output Range Rated

Rated Output
Output
Lagging PF
Lead←→Lag
Lead←Megavars→Lag
Limited by
Armature Current
Field Winding
Heating cos(θ)=PF
θ
Limited by
Armature Megawatts
Winding
Heating
Limited by
Stator Core
Leading PF
End Heating
Field Amperes
Capability(P-Q) Curve
Based on V Curve
V Curve This document is CONFIDENTIAL and is the INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY of
TGDK2017E1017
121 of 350 ESTIMATED “V” CURVES
Estimated “V” Curves Estimated Reactive Capability

of Duyen Hai 3 Curves of Duyen Hai 3
830MVA Rated capacity ：830000 kVA
Rated power factor : 0.85PF
Rated output:
830000kVA x 0.85PF =705500kW
(These curves are written in Turbine

generator design data
(EKC003458))
705.5MW

TGDK2017E1017
122 of 350
An example of operating data
Point St. Rt. Core

Coil Coil End
Temp. Temp. Temp.
C A 59 87.5 63
E
D B
B 62.3 93.1 67
F
C 67.1 93.9 79
A
D 61.6 65.6 95
G E 63.4 61.5 112
F 60.9 51.2 112
G 50.4 31.5 93

TGDK2017E1017
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An example of operating data
Point St. Rt. Core

Coil Coil End
Temp. Temp. Temp.
A 59 87.5 63
A B B 62.3 93.1 67
C
C 67.1 93.9 79
D 61.6 65.6 95
D E 63.4 61.5 112
F 60.9 51.2 112
E
G F G 50.4 31.5 93

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Generator Operation at Leading PF

Equivalent Temperature Rise
Curves of Stator Core End Shown
at Leading PF Testing
MW
Higher Temperature
Rise at leading PF
Operation
TGDK2017E1017
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FEM Analysis in the Stator Core End

End
Flux increases
Flange at core end
Shielding
Plate
Stator
Core
Armature
Winding
Field
Rotor Shaft
Winding
Analysis model Rating load : lag 0.9 Rating load : lead 0.95
When operating at leading PF, leakage flux

in the end portion increases, resulting in
temperature rise of stator core end
TGDK2017E1017
126 of 350
Negative Phase Sequence Current

dòng điện thứ tự nghịch
Generally, phase current is not
balanced each other
Using methods of symmetric
coordinates, negative phase
sequence current is obtained
According to this graph, I2 is
quickly obtained:
I2 =negative-sequence current
dòng lớn nhất của 3 pha
Ia=the largest of three-phase
currents(Ex. : 10000A)
I2=0.06x10000=600A
Ib=the smallest of three-phase
Note:Negative phase sequence
currents(Ex. : 9000A)
current from the magnitudes of the
three-phase currents (for case of Ic=third-phase current of
no zero phase current) intermediate value(Ex. : 9500A)
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Maximum I2/IN Value for dòng không cân bằng

IN dòng điện định
Continuous Operation mức mf
(Direct cooled rotor windings)

0.09
0.08 Duyen Hai 3
Sn: 830
0.07
Maximum I2/IN [p.u.]
I2/IN=0.064
0.06
0.05
0.04
𝐼𝐼2 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 − 350
0.03 𝑃𝑃. 𝑈𝑈. = 0.08 −
𝐼𝐼𝑁𝑁 3 × 104
0.02
0.01 Sn=Rated apparent power in MVA
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Generator rated apparent power [MVA] As per the standard
TGDK2017E1017
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Negative Phase Sequence

Current’s Effects on Rotor
Negative phase
sequence current:
not synchronous to
rotor rotating speed
Rotor surface current flows

→Temperature rise In case of short term operation,
higher the current level, higher the
→Components deteriorated This document is CONFIDENTIAL and is the INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY of
temp.TOSHIBA
rise: Later
CORPORATION. It must not be copied, loaned or transferred, nor must the
TGDK2017E1017
129 of 350
Rotor Surface Currents’ Flow Analysis

Gap exists around rotor surface between components like wedges
・Cross slot: currents concentrate on end portion
・Wedge ends: currents concentrate on shoulder portion of both wedge
and shaft teeth
wedge
Shaft teeth
Wedge end
End of cross slot Shaft teeth Wedge ends

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Temperature Rise Distribution

in Rotor by FEM Analysis
Near cross slot end Max Max
13.7K 10.5K
Cross slot portion Between cross slot

Losses and efficiency
TGDK2017E1017
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tổn hao mf
Type of generator loss

-Exciter losses
Including excitation transformer load loss, Thyristor load loss ,
DC and AC Busduct loss
-Friction losses tổn hao do ma sát

The losses due to friction (bearing and brush etc. )
-Windage losses tổn hao do khe hở

The losses due to aerodynamic friction in all parts of machine.
-Iron losses tổn hao kim loại sắt và đồng

The losses caused by hysteresis and eddy currents.
tổn hao do trễ từ và dòng điện xoáy gây ra This document is CONFIDENTIAL and is the INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY of
TGDK2017E1017
132 of 350
-Winding loss(I2R) in the armature windings

The loss is expressed in follow formula.
Loss= (Armature current)2 x Armature DC resistance x 3(Number of phase)
-Additional load losses (Stray load losses)

The losses are consists of losses arising from nonuniform
current distribution in copper, eddy current losses in copper
and the additional core losses by load current.
-Excitation(Field ) winding loss and electrical brush loss

Field winding loss and electrical brush loss are expressed in
follow formula.
Field winding loss=(Field current)2 x Field winding resistance
Brush loss= 2 x 1.0(voltage drop per brush) x Field current

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Constant Losses Friction losses
Windage losses
Iron losses
Load losses Exciter losses

Winding loss(I2R) in the armature windings
Additional load losses (Stray load losses)
Excitation(Field ) winding loss and electrical brush loss
Constant Losses are constant to load,

on the other hand, Load losses vary according to Load.
Generator total losses = Constant Losses + Load losses

𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 [𝑤𝑤]
Generator efficiency[%] = × 100
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝+𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 [𝑊𝑊]

134 of 350
Loss and efficiency curves TGDK2017E1017
Load Losses
Constant Losses
135 of 350 Loss and efficiency TGDK2017E1017
Efficiency
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 [𝑤𝑤]
Generator efficiency[%] = × 100
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝+𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 [𝑊𝑊]
Calculation of efficiency. (For example.)

Input:
Rated kVA:830MVA, Rated power factor :0.85(lag),
Total losses at rated condition : 7960kW
Calculation:
・Generator output power= 830MVA x 0.85PF=705.5MW
705500
・Generator efficiency== × 100 = 98.88%
705500+7960

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Start-up Operation
Operation sequence:
1, Speed up to rated
2, Field excitation up to rated armature voltage
3, Synchronizing: connection electrically to power
system
4, Load increase to rated
5, Rated load operation
For shut-down, sequence is reverse as start-up
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Synchronizing out of Phase(1)

Maximum Electrical Torque
1, When synchronizing, 8
at Three Phase Synchronizing
7
it’s necessary to 6
Torque [p.u.]
5
coincide with power 4

3
2
system: speed, voltage, 1
0
phase angle 0 30 60 90
Phase Angle Difference [degree]
120 150 180
Relationship between
2, Target value (phase angle transient torque and
difference: 10degrees) is decided phase angle difference:
by calculating transient torque Xd”=0.25pu,Xe=0.1pu
and current approximately equal
to rated value
TGDK2017E1017
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Synchronizing out of Phase(2)

3, In case of trouble, inspections will be needed
from the point of view of torque and current
depending on the value like the following table
Transient current Action
Formula pu value
Not more than Not more Inspection outside like vibration is
1/2Xd” than 2-2.5 carried out, and can operate if
having good results
Not more than Not more Ditto, but inspection inside will be
1/(Xd”+XT) than 4-4.5 carried out ASAP
More than More than 4- Stop operation immediately, and
1/(Xd”+XT) 4.5 inspection inside is carried out
XT: Reactance of transformer TOSHIBA CORPORATION. It must not be copied, loaned or transferred, nor must the
TGDK2017E1017
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Short Term Operation

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Permissible Short Time Armature

PERMISSIBLE SHORT TIME ARMATURE CURRENT CURVE
Current Curve
250
PERCENT ARMATURE CURRENT
Capable of operating at
200 150% of rated stator
current for at least 30 s
150
100
50
0
0 30 50 100
150
TIME IN SECONDS As per the standard
NOTE:Two times per year of operation at the limits are permissible.
(This curve is written in GENERATOR & EXCITATION DATA SHEET & PERFORMANCE CURVES)
TGDK2017E1017
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Permissible Short Time Field

PERMISSIBLE SHORT TIME FIELD CURRENT CURVE
Current Curve
250
Capable of operating at a
PERCENT FIELD CURRENT
200 rotor current of 125% of

rated load rotor current for
150 at least 1 min
100
50
0
0 50 60 100 150
As per the standard
TIME IN SECONDS
NOTE:Two times per year of operation at the limits are permissible.
(This curve is written in GENERATOR & EXCITATION DATA SHEET & PERFORMANCE
This document CURVES)PROPERTY of
is CONFIDENTIAL and is the INTELLECTUAL
TGDK2017E1017
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Max. (I2/IN)2xt in Sec. for

Operation under Fault Condition
IEC 60034-3 2010
2005 IEEE C50.13-2005
11
10 Max. (I2/IN)2xt of Duen Hai 3 is 5.38
This value is written in Turbine generator design data
9
(EKC003458)
Maximum (I2/In) xt
8
2
7
6
5
830MVA
4 (I2/IN)2xt=5.38
3
2
1
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Generator apparent power [MVA]
© 2017 Toshiba Corporation
TGDK2017E1017
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Permissible Short Time Negative Phase Sequence

Current Curve
In case of
I22t=5.38

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Permissible Short Time Armature Volt/Hz Curve

1. 5
1. 4
VOLT/HERTZ [ p. u. ]
1. 3
1. 2
1. 1
1. 0
0. 9
1 10 100 1000 1000
TI ME I N SECONDS
Φ(Flux)∝V/Hz
This curve is written in Operation of Generator (EKC002700)

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Over-excitation Phenomena
Core end Radial
plate leakage field
Key bar
Internal
axial flux
Core back contacts

Eddy current in
the core
Air gap flux
:Core melt
Contact part with Rotor
Segmented
circulating current: melt laminations

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Monitoring

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Monitoring
・By sensors in generator

・By relays on generator

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GENERATOR MONITORING
INSTRUMENTS
Based on Standard: As required
- Stator Coil Temp. : Resistance
Temperature
Detector
- Field Winding Temp. : Resistance method
R
θ = × (235 + θb a s e) − 235
Rb a s e
- Cooling Gas Temp. : RTD

- Stator Core Temp. : TC
- Stator Cooling Water Outlet Temp. : TC
- Bearing Metal Temp : TC
- Bearing Vibration Detector : Customer’s specification
Usually proximity gap sensor
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STATOR COIL RTD

Alarm is set based on
temperature rise limit.
Wedge
Stator Core
STATOR WEDGE
Top Bar
RTD:Platinum
Insulation
RTD TOP BAR
White Red
BOTTOM BAR RTD
Bottom Bar
Put spacers to
RTDs are installed between maintain spaces
where detectors
top bars and bottom bars. are not provided
Minimum numbers of RTDs by standards
IEC 60034-1 2004 : 6 RTDs
IEEE C50.13 2005 : 4 RTDs per phase =12 RTDs
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H2 Gas Coolers RTD

Cross Section of Stator Frame
RTD for
H2 Gas
Coolers
RTDs are arranged at the inlet and outlet of each H2 gas cooler sets.
Alarm is set for outlet temperature of each H2 gas cooler.

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RTD Location
For water cooled stator winding type
Cooling water flow

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RTD Location
For indirectly cooled stator winding type

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STATOR CORE END THERMOCOUPLES

Monitoring only
Numbers of TCs are depending on
customer’s request.

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Stator Cooling Water TC (1/2)

Clip
Stator Bar Insulation Cover
Connector
Flexible Insulation Tube
TC
Inlet Water
Header Flow
Teflon Tube
TC Outlet Header
Outlet Header
Alarm : Normal temperature +5～10℃ (+9～18F)
Trip or runback : 95℃ (203F) This document is CONFIDENTIAL and is the INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY of
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Stator Cooling Water TC (2/2)

Clip
Thermocouple
Stator
Windings
Header Pipe
Insulation tube
All insulation tubes have TCs.

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Bearing Metal Temperature
Thermocouple Thermocouple
Alarm is set at 107℃ (225F). This document is CONFIDENTIAL and is the INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY of
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Bearing Vibration Detector
Vibration
Detector
On shaft, p-p
Alarm : 125μm (5mils) For Each Bearings
Trip : 250μm (10 mils)

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Optional Monitoring
Monitor Part Fault
Partial Discharge Stator coil Deterioration
Flux Probe Rotor coil Layer short
Stator coil end
Generator Condition Monitor Stator core Heating
Rotor surface
Stator Coil End Vibration Monitor Stator coil end Stator coil end looseness
Rotor Loss of bearing insulation
Shaft Voltage Monitor Bearing Layer short
etc. etc.
As per customer’s requirements.

Special sensors and/or equipments are required.

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End

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1.3. Generator Core Overheating Monitor

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Gus Graham
Director of Products & Markets
Africa and Asia
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SAFETY • RISK MITIGATION • INCREASED EFFICIENCY
 Introduction to the GCM-X

 Overheat & Arcing Detection
 Principle of Operation
 System Overview
 Gen-Tags
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The GCM-X represents a central tool in RISK MITIGATION

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DEVICE OVERHEATING ARCING
 Temperature sensor  YES, not  NO

(RTD, thermocouple) early
 Radio frequency  NO  YES

monitor
 Partial discharge  NO  YES

analyzer
 GCM-X  YES, very  YES

early
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 GCM-X detects sub-micron particles
 Sub-micron particles are created during overheat

and arcing events
 Sub-micron particles increase exponentially during

overheat and arcing events
 A rapid increase in sub-micron particles is an

indication of overheat or arcing event
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 GCM-X detection principle is based on ionization
 Ionized gas will transmit current when voltage applied
 Sub-micron particles affect the flow of current
 GCM-X measures subtle change in current (pA)
 Current is proportional to particle concentration

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• When there are no particles from overheating present, positively

charged alpha particles are drawn to the negative electrode
(collector), resulting in a measurable current
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• When thermally produced particles are present, positively charged

alpha particles are disproportionately drawn to those overheat
particles, resulting in a decreased measurable current
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 GCM-X monitors Output and Flow, 4-20mA signal

and Alarm relay on both
 When Output signal decreases without decrease in

Flow signal, Verification sequence initiates
 Verification filter eliminates particles, if Output

returns to normal  Verified Alarm
 Verified Alarm can initiate Auto-Sample for

Collector analysis
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Sample Flow
Solenoid Collector Monitoring
Ion Chamber
Verification
Solenoid
Verification System
Filter Electronics
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Display Board
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Flow Transmitter
Flow set valve
System Electronics
Sample flow meter
Collector
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Processor
Board
I/O
Board
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Sample Solenoid
Verification Filter
Filter Solenoid
Ion Chamber Detector

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• Oil Moisture Trap (OMT)

protects Ion Chamber
from liquid contamination
• OMT is installed on GCM-

X inlet
• OMT is supplied with each

GCM-X unit (shipped
loose)
• OMT should be checked

and drained weekly
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 Gen-Tags are paint additives with specific compounds

for overheat and arcing location detection
 A unique paint is applied to each generator segment
Chemical Applied Area Color Chemical E/One Part

Compound Part Number Number
N-Dodecyl Imide Collector End Yellow 6906 GA0273P00
Windings
Cyclo-Dodecyl Turbine End Orange 6904 GA0274P00
Imide Windings
Cyclo-Octyl Stator Core ID Irisol 6905 GA0275P00
Imide
Dihexyl Amic Rotor OD Blue 6955 GA0276P00
Acid
Adamantyl Imide Bushings and Green 6907 GA0277P00
Lower Leads
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 Gas Chromatograph analysis of collector sample

identifies specific Gen-Tag compound(s) present
 Specific location of overheat or arcing is identified

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Slot #4
Slot #49
Paint 6906
Paint 6905 A-Phase
B-Phase
Slot #13
Paint 6907
C-Phase
Paint 6904
C-Phase
Paint 6909 Slot #40
B-Phase
Paint 6955
A-Phase
Slot #22 Slot #31
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QUESTIONS?
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1.4. Stator Winding Vibration Monitor

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Confidential
To VIETNAM DUYEN HAI 3 EXTENSION PROJECT
Customer Training for

Flux / Stator Coil End Vibration Monitor
Iris Power / FluxTracII & EVTracII
July 4th, 2017
By Hajime YASUMA
System Sales & marketing Div.

Sales Dept.1 , Test and measurement team
© 2016 MARUBUN CORPORATION
185 of 350 Confidential
Introduction
We Marubun Corporation is a trading company located in Tokyo / Japan.
We are sales agent of Iris Power - A Qualitrol Company, in Japan.
Business / products Flow :
Manufacture : Iris Power - A Qualitrol Company ( Canada)

↓
Importer : Marubun Corp. (Japan)
↓
Generator Manufacture : Toshiba (Japan)
↓
EPC : Sumitomo Corporation ( Japan)
↓
End User / Project : Duen Hai3 Thermal Power Plant Project (Vietnam)

Agenda
1. Who is the Iris Power ( Qualitrol ) ?
2. Flux / Stator Coil End Vibration Monitor
3. Basic of FluxTracII HW & SW
4. Basic of EVTracII HW & SW
5. IAM Software
6. Q & A


WHO IS IRIS POWER ?
Renowned world leader in condition monitoring
Knowledge wealth of over 200 man-years of experience in
design, assembly, testing and maintenance of rotating
machines and electrical equipment
Core Business : On-line Partial Discharge Products &

Services for machines 3.3 kV & higher
Size: ~100 Employees
ISO9001 Certified
Head Office: Toronto, Canada
European Office: Manchester UK
Texas Office: Houston
Hardware (Function)
GuardII (2 in 1 ) System <== FluxTracII + EVTracII


RotorFluxPro software
Software
IAM (Iris Management Software ) :
 RotorFluxPro Software
 EVView software
IAM software
EVView software

V0
System Configuration
Scope of Delivery
Unit 1 GuardII (2 in 1 ) System 6. 4802088 HUB
Supplied by customer
2. 6009004.1
DC Block Filter 1. CBMZ00A
GE Flux Probe
4. CBMF00R_CBME00A
Key Phasor
LAN cable LAN cable
FOA signals
Signal Cable 2M x2
3. EVEPS
Ext. Power Supply Panel
FOA signals
FOA Junction Box
With Conditioner
Fiber Optical Accelerometer +24VDC 5. G0800
single axis (6)
System Controller
FOA Junction Box FOA signals
With Conditioner
Fiber Optical Accelerometer +24VDC
single axis (6)
230VAC 50Hz LAN cables : out od scope
Agenda
5. IAM Software
6. Q & A

3. Basic of FluxTracII
Why monitor air gap flux ?
Air gap flux monitoring is a proven tool to provide information

on the integrity of the rotor winding inter-turn insulation.
This information is critical in planning maintenance, explaining

abnormal vibrations, and verifying new and rewound rotor
integrity

Why do we monitor rotors?
NERC data on damages

Stator windings 33%, Rotor windings 23%, Stator Core 3%
Another 4 pole look…

Round Rotor Insulation failure
Thermal aging due to poor design, over-excitation or

improper operation
Ground insulation abrasion due to thermal cycling
Copper dusting on turning gear mode

Shorted Rotor Winding Turns

Indicate insulation failure in the rotor
Result in higher electrical loss – and therefore decreased generator power and
efficiency – may limit machine output
Can result in thermal and magnetic unbalance and mechanical vibrations since
shorted coils run cooler
Flux Measurements
Permanently mounted flux probe in air gap is sensitive to radial flux density as
rotor passes by the probe.
Flux density at each slot is a function of the number of active turns in the slot,
distorted by the air gap flux density at that point.
Shorted turns, result in a reduce slot leakage flux for the effected slot
Detection of Shorted Turns
Baseline data can be trended

over time
Slot Slot Slot

Overlay and compare flux N N+1 N+2
probe data from matching
Probe Output
slots in the two poles
Relative area gives indication

of number of turns effected Time
Shorted Turns
Difficulties with Conventional Portable Tests
Operator needs to be present to collect data at appropriate

load points
Distortion of radial flux signal is minimal where the air gap

flux density curve crosses through zero – a function of
machine load
Must therefore take multiple readings at various generator

load points for maximum sensitivity to shorted turns.
In 1970…
Flux Signal
Two pole result

Four pole result

RotorFluxPro Software Case Study 1




RotorFluxPro Software
Case Study 2
RotorFluxPro Software
Case Study 2
Key Phasor application

Load has changed and…

FluxTracII Conclusions
-An improved system for detection of shorted

turns has been developed
-Initial diagnosis of shorts possible at any load,
from any flux probe
-Standalone data acquisition in two test modes
-High sampling rate and new patent pending
algorithms improved the sensitivity of the test
-All data are stored in Iris Instrument Database
Agenda
5. IAM Software
6. Q & A

Stator Endwinding Design
Long endwinding overhangs

- especially in 2 pole machines
Unsupported endwinding support
- high voltages require non-metallic structures
Generator Operational Forces
Radial and Tangential Forces

- 100/120Hz electromagnetic
- 50/60Hz (for 2-pole) from once per turn vibration
T R
Stator Endwinding Design

Support rings, blocking and bracing are needed to prevent movement
Endwinding Vibration Problems
Reduced cost with less robust support

- Apparent increase in endwinding vibration problems
- Commonly in large (100-300MW), 2 pole turbo generators
Insulation
fretting
Dusting
Insulation
Greasing
220 of 350
Endwinding Vibration Problems Confidential
Dusting on
motors
・If endwinding vibration is not detected before failure then

considerable collateral damage may occur . . .
Fatigue Cracks
in Conductors
Series
Connection
between Bars
Stator Endwinding Issues
1. Age
Insulating blocking and bracing material shrinks
2. Large fault currents
Dramatic relative movement of the stator bars
that stretches bracing materials to enable
endwinding vibration during normal operation
Stator Endwinding Issues vấn đề cuôi cuộn dây stator
3. Inadequate EW support design

- Fewer materials to reduce cost
- Inferior materials not allowing for axial
expansion during load changes
- Potential for resonance condition
Resonance
Condition where natural frequency and vibrating
frequency are the same
 Natural frequencies are structural characteristics
 Vibrating frequencies are at operational forces
phát hiện rung cuối cuộn dây stator
Detecting Endwinding Vibration Problems
1. Periodic visual inspection kiểm tra định kỳ bằng mắt
bôi trơn
sự ăn mòn
- Look for evidence (dusting, fretting, greasing)

2. Periodic impact (bump) testing
- Identify natural frequencies
- Ensure they are not resulting in resonance
Both require an outage

Detecting Endwinding Vibration Problems
3. Continuous online monitoring

- Endwinding vibration has the highest total loss mitigation
value of recent generator failures [1]
- Monitoring is the most cost effective method for units with
potential issues [1]
Best way to detect endwinding vibration!!
[1] S. Purushothaman, "Prioritize Condition Monitoring for Turbine Generators based on Loss Exposure," in
EPRI Fleet-Wide & Generator On-Line Monitoring Interest Group Meetings, Chicago, 2013.
EV Interpretation – Summary
・Published levels based on data are:

- Erroneous: historic data may be from poor probe location and/or vibrating
fiber optic leads
- Ambiguous: acceptable levels reported don’t specify frequency (100Hz or
120Hz or frequency bandwidth)
- Incomplete: acceptable levels are displacement, but velocity/acceleration
should be incorporated at frequencies above a few hundred Hz
・Use with CAUTION!!

- < 100 μm (4 mil) peak to peak is considered acceptable
- > 250 μm (10 mil) peak to peak is cause for some concern
・Its better to monitor continuously and use vibration trend capabilities

Iris Database
・Iris Instrument Database (iid) with similar function as PD

- Setup information (sensitivity, location, direction)
- Data (raw, summary)
- Operating conditions (current, temperature, resistive load,
reactive load, voltage)
・Use impact testing to optimize sensor location

・Installation report will include high response locations with
a reference (slot number)
・Statistical distribution of data should be possible to
develop acceptance levels
Iris EV Continuous Monitoring System

Standard Iris Power System
Vibration Signal (AC)
XVDH1 Special combination of VibroSystM FOA sensor + Iris Power System

EVTracII
VibroSystM
Vibration Signal Vibration Signal
FOA Sensors 6VDC + Vibration 6VDC + Vibration
FOA Junction Box DC 24V
With Conditioner
COMMON DC Block Filter
inside Enclosure
For Vibration Signal (AC)
Continuous Endwinding Vibration Monitor
EVTracII for single technology or part of a GuardII multi-

technology platform combined with PD, Flux, Shaft V/I
Typical EV Install
Smart Triggers & Alerts

 Stores maximum displacement daily
 Alerts on high overall displacement
Iris
 Download data to
– View acceleration, velocity,
displacement by sensor direction
– Evaluate effect of temperature and load
EVView Software
EVTracII Conclusion
・Stator endwinding vibration is again leading to premature

generator winding failures
・Best way to detect if a problem is occurring is by

monitoring endwinding vibration with modern fiber optic
sensors
- Iris has advanced the technology for safe and accurate
detection
・Experience indicates that some care is needed when

selecting probe locations to ensure valid results
- Iris can optimize the location of sensor installation
Agenda
4. Basic of EVTracII
5. IAM Software
6. Q & A


RotorFluxPro software
Software
IAM (Iris Management Software ) :
 RotorFluxPro Software
 EVView software
IAM software
EVView software

IAM software
© 2016 MARUBUN CORPORATION 99

Agenda
4. Basic of EVTracII
5. IAM Software
6. Q & A
Any Question ?

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Thank you
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2. Generator AVR & Excitation, Protection and Control
System
241 of 350
2.1. Generator AVR & Excitation Control System

Document No. EDU-2J000007
242 of 350
Excitation System Training
July 2017
Scope of Disclosure
Owner

CONTENTS
243 of 350
1. Overview of Excitation System

2. Hardware Description
3. Control Function
4. Operation of Excitation System
5. Maintenance & Inspection
© 2017 Toshiba Corporation 2

CONTENTS
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3. Control Function

Outline of Excitation Control System

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AVR PANEL GCP

VT
EIO-A
Excitation Controller
(PRC-A) Gen. Auxiliary Controller
DCS
CT
VT
Excitation Controller
EIO-B
(PRC-B)
PWU(A) 220VDC
DC 230VAC
CONTROL PWU(B)
POWER
EX-TR
FCB PANEL MIO-A MIO-B THYRISTOR PANEL

V
TRD TRC-A TRC-B
A CT
TRD
31E FIBER OPTICAL

Field CABLE
GEN Discharge
flashing
register
64F SH FCB
Station battery

Phase Control & Output Voltage

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ＵＶＵＷＶＷＶＵＷＵＷＶ
1
0.5
AC voltage wave form

UW
WV
VU
0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720
(Thyristor rectifier input voltage)
WU
VW
UV
-0.5
-1
α：phase control signal Field Voltage

Field Voltage waveform
1
lead
0.5
ＵＶ
α=30 degrees 1.16・Vac(V)
ＵＷ
ＶＷ
ＶＵ
ＷＵ
0
ＷＶ
1
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720
0.5
ＵＶ
α=60 degrees 0.67・Vac(V)
ＵＷ
ＶＷ
ＶＵ
ＷＵ
0
ＷＶ
0.5 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720
ＵＶ
ＵＷ
α=90 degrees
ＶＷ
0V
ＶＵ
ＷＵ
0
ＷＶ
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720
黄色いボック
-0.5
スに点弧角を
ＷＵ
0
ＷＶ
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720
-0.5 α=120 degrees

黄色いボック
スに点弧角を
-0.67・Vac(V)
入力して波形
をチェック
-1 lag 　　↓
∴Vdc=1.35・Vac・COSα
CONTENTS
247 of 350

3. Control Function

Arrangement of AVR Cubicle

248 of 350
MASTER POWER SUPPLY

CONTROLLER-A/B UNIT- A/B
EIO MODULE
SYSTEM
CONTROLLER-A/B

Power Distribution Circuit

249 of 350

Excitation Controller Overview

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AVR CUBICLE
C-NET
PRC-A PRC-B CPUL-A CPUL-B

IO-NET
Vg EIO-A
Ig PIO
Vg
Ig
EIO-B
Optical Cable MIO-A MIO-B TRC-A TRC-B
INI CUBICLE THY CUBICLE

Master Controller (MC) Configuration

251 of 350
DEVICE NAME MODULE NAME MODULE TYPE
PRC-A POWER GENERATION

REGULATING CONTROLLER PRCL01
PRC-B MODULE
EIO-A EXCITATION SYSTEM I/O MODULE
EIOL01
EIO-B
EIOL02
EIO-C
MIO-A MULTIPURPOSE I/O MODULE
MIOL01
MIO-B
MIOL02
MIO-C
TRC-A THYRISTOR RECTIFIER CONTROL
MODULE TRCL01
TRC-B
TRCL02
TRC-C
GPO- GATE PULSE OUTPUT MODULE
GPOL01
1,2,3,4,5

PRCL01
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Table 6.3.1 Description LED

Reset switch RUN STOP
LED Color State
PWR Blue
switch
OPR Blue
RUN Blue
ERR Red PM-Link
INIT Blue Active connector
TEST Blue
CH0 Blue Status
CH1 Blue
CH2 Blue PM-Link
Active connector
CH3 Blue
Status Green Turns on in green during the 1000BASE-T Status
mode.
Orange Turns on in orange during the 100BASE-TX Active PM-Link
mode.
connector
Off Turns off during the 10BASE-T mode. Status
Active Orange Turns on when the link is established.
Blinks during transmission and reception. Active
Off Turns off when the link is not established. PM-Link
Status connector
Table 6.3.2 Specifications of Recommended Optical Cable(PM-Link)
Item Description Remarks
Fiber type MMF (multi-mode optical fiber)
Core/clad 62.5 ± 3.0 μm/125 ± 3.0 μm
diameters
Numerical 0.275 ± 0.015
aperture (NA)
Modal bandwidth 200 MHz/km @ 850 nm and more Fig.6.3.1 PRCL Face Plate
Maximum 3.5dB/km @ 850 nm or less
attenuation
Optical connector DSC IEC 61754-4,
JIS C 5973(F04)
Table 6.1.3 Description Connector

EIOL01 & EIOL02

253 of 350
RUN STOP
Table 6.4.1 Description LED switch
LED Color State
PWR Blue Turns on when energized.
ERR Red Turns on when an error occurs.
CH0 Blue Turns on when SV-Link Data transmission
CH1 Blue Turns on when PM-Link Data transmission
Table 6.1.2 Description Switch

ﾛｹｰｼｮﾝ名称機能
MODE switch

ﾛｹｰｼｮﾝ用途備考
40Pin フラットコネクタ
Fig.6.4.1 EIOL01 Face Plate
Fig.6.4.2 EIOL02 Face Plate

MIOL01 & MIOL02

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TRCL01 & TRCL02

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Table 6.6.1 Description LED RUN STOP

LED Color State switch
PWR Blue Turns on when energized.
ERR Red Turns on when an error occurs.
CH0 Blue Turns on when SV-Link Data transmission
CH1 Blue Turns on when PM-Link Data transmission
U Blue For maintenance
V Blue
W Blue
MODE switch
名称機能
SET switch
Table PHS switch
6.1.2
Descriptio
n Switch
ﾛｹｰｼｮﾝ

Fig.6.6.1 TRCL01 Face Plate
Fig.6.6.2 TRCL02 Face Plate

GPOL01
256 of 350
RUN STOP
Table 6.6.2 Description LED switch
LED Color State
PWR Blue Turns on when control power energized.
PFD Red Turns on when an pulse failure detect.
U Blue Turns on when U phase output.
V Blue Turns on when V phase output.
W Blue Turns on when W phase output.
X Blue Turns on when X phase output.
Y Blue Turns on when Y phase output.
Z Blue Turns on when Z phase output.
100V Blue Turns on when DC100V energized.
名称機能
Table
6.1.2
Descriptio
n Switch
ﾛｹｰｼｮﾝ

Fig.6.6.3 GPOL01 Face Plate

System Controller (SC) Configuration

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DEVICE NAME MODULE NAME MODULE TYPE

CPU-A CPU UNIT CPUL01
CPU-B
PROTOCOL CONVERTER
IF-A
PIFL01
IF-B

CPUL01
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Table 6.1.1 Description LED

LED Color State
PWR Blue Turns on when the power switch is pressed
Power switch
and CPUL01 is booting up.
Turns off when the power switch is pressed
and CPUL01 is shutting down.
SSD Blue Turns on when the SSD data is accessed.
PRM Blue Turns on when used as the regular system in a
redundant structure.
STB Blue Turns on when used as the stand-by system in
a redundant structure.
RUN Blue Turns on during the RUN/TEST mode.
ERR Red Turns on when a failure occurs.
INIT Blue Turns on during initialization or the INIT mode.
TEST Blue Turns on during the Test mode.
Status Green Turns on in green during the 1000BASE-T
mode.
Orange Turns on in orange during the 100BASE-TX
mode.
Off Turns off during the 10BASE-T mode.
Active Orange Turns on when the link is established.
Blinks during transmission and reception.
Off Turns off when the link is not established.
Table 6.1.2 Description Switch

ﾛｹｰｼｮﾝ名称機能

ﾛｹｰｼｮﾝ用途備考 Fig.6.1.1 CPUL Face Plate

PIFL01
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CONTENTS
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3. Control Function

Excitation Control Function

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AVR PANEL
PRC-A
From
AQR 90R AFU Controller-B
To
Controller-B
VT
L
F V
CT
VPFL G
＋
VT Vg ＋
EIO-A
H L AVR
－
V V ＋ Phase
Q UEL G 43-90
G Angle
OEL
P PSS
70R AFU
＋
IF －
MEC
EIO-B
PRC-B
FCB PANEL THYRISTOR PANEL

TRC-A
EX-TR
GEN CT

Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)

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From
To
Controller-B
L
Vg:Generator Voltage
F V Q:Reactive Power
VPFL G P:Active power
＋
Vg ＋
H L AVR F:Generator frequency
－
V V ＋ IF:Generator field current
Q UEL G 43-90
G
OEL
P PSS
70R AFU
＋
IF －
MEC
AVR controls generator terminal voltage(Vg)

according to voltage reference(90R).
AVR with high response and high ceiling

can enhance a transient stability.

AVR Test Data (Step Response)

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AVR OUTPUT (degrees) FIELD CURRENT (pu)

60 0.42
65 0.4
70
0.38
75
0.36
80
85 0.34
90 0.32
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
+5% step signal TIME (sec) TIME (sec)
was injected.
FIELD VOLTAGE (pu) GENERATOR VOLTAGE (pu)

1 1.04 Overshoot : 9.7% Within ±2% of ΔVg
0.8 1.02
0.6
1
0.4 Rise time tr : 0.18sec
0.2 0.98
Settling time ts : 1.62sec
0 0.96
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
TIME (sec) TIME (sec)

Manual Excitation Controller (MEC)

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From
To
Controller-B
Vg:Generator Voltage
L
F V Q:Reactive Power
VPFL G
＋ P:Active power
Vg ＋
H L AVR F:Generator frequency
－
V V ＋ 43-90
IF:Generator field current
Q UEL G G
OEL
P PSS
70R AFU
＋
IF －
MEC
MEC controls generator field current

according to current reference(70R).
It is possible to operate at test mode.

Automatic Reactive Power Regulator (AQR)

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From
To
Controller-B
L
F V AQR controls generator
VPFL G
＋ reactive power according
Vg ＋
H L AVR
－ to the reference.
V V ＋
Q UEL G 43-90
G
OEL
P PSS
70R AFU
＋
IF －
MEC
Q b=y/x
a = 57R SETTING
y
+ +
Pg × 90R x b = 55R SETTING
a
+
-
55R SETTING P
57R SETTING
Qg

PSS (Power System Stabilizer)

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From
To
Controller-B
L
F V
VPFL G
＋
Vg ＋
H L AVR
－
V V ＋
Q UEL G 43-90
G
OEL
P PSS
70R AFU
＋
IF －
MEC
PSS damps out power swings of generator mode and inter-area mode.
PSS can enhance a dynamic stability by increasing a damping torque.
IEEE421.2 PSS2B
PSS Test Data

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+3% Step Response Test

PSS OFF
1.01 0.84
0.83
GEN. VOLTAGE (pu)
ACTIVE POWER (pu)

1
0.82
0.99 0.81
0.8
0.98 0.79
0.78
0.97
0.77
0.96 0.76
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
+3% step signal
was injected.
PSS ON
1.01 0.84
0.83
GEN. VOLTAGE (pu)
ACTIVE POWER (pu)

1
0.82
0.99 0.81
0.8
0.98 0.79
0.78
0.97
0.77
0.96 0.76
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
+3% step signal
was injected.

UEL (Under Excitation Limiter)

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From
To
Controller-B
L
F V
VPFL G
＋
Vg ＋
H L AVR
－
V V ＋
Q UEL G 43-90
G
OEL
P PSS
70R AFU
＋
IF －
MEC
Iq/Vg The UEL prevents the generator operation

from exceeding capability limit due to core
end heating and stability limit.
UEL setting
Ip/Vg
Capability limit due
b=y/x to core end heating
y Steady state
-a x –a･Vg+b･Ip stability limit

UEL Test Data

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Minus step signal

was injected.
UEL ON
UEL OFF
Step signal ON
Step signal OFF
Gen. voltage
UEL output

Over Excitation Limiter (OEL)

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From
To
Controller-B
The OEL prevents
L generator rotor from
F V overheating in condition
VPFL G
Vg
＋
＋ of over-excitation
H L AVR caused by AVR
－
V V ＋
Q UEL G G 43-90 operation.
OEL
P PSS
70R AFU
＋
IF －
MEC
IF
2.00pu
Permissible short time

field current curve
1.50pu
OEPT 2.0pu･sec
t= =
IF－OEP IF－1.05 OEDT 0.75pu･sec
1.20pu t= =
OED setting=1.05pu IF－OED IF－1.05
OEL setting=0.98pu
T (sec)
OED:Over Excitation Detector 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
OEL Test Data

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OEDT 0.75pu･sec 0.75pu･sec

t= = = = 5 (s)
IF－OED IF－1.05 1.20－1.05
GEN. VOLTAGE (pu) FIELD CURRENT (pu)
1.06 1.30 After this area exceeds
1.05 1.25 0.75pu・sec, OEL operates.
1.04 1.20
1.03
1.15
1.02
1.10
1.01
1.05 OED setting=1.05pu
1
0.99 1.00
0.98 0.95 5s
0.97 0.90
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
+5% step signal TIME (s) TIME (s)
was injected.
AVR OUTPUT (degrees) OEL OUTPUT (pu)
30 0.15
40
50 0.1
60
70 0.05
80
90 0
100 OEL operated.
110 -0.05
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
TIME (s) TIME (s)

Voltage/Frequency Limiter (VPFL)

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From
To
Controller-B
The VPFL prevents
L
V the main transformer
F
VPFL G
＋
and generator
Vg ＋
H L AVR from the over-flux
－
V V ＋ 43-90
condition by monitoring
Q UEL G G
the ratio of
OEL voltage / frequency.
P PSS
70R AFU
＋
IF －
MEC
V/F (pu)
1.20 Permissible short time

1.15 Volt/Hz curve
1.10
V/FDT 1.0pu･sec
V/FD setting → 1.05 t =
V/F-V/FD
=
V/F-1.05pu
V/F setting → 1.00
T (sec)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Automatic Follow Up (AFU) (1)

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From
To
Controller-B
L
F V
VPFL G
＋
Vg ＋
H L AVR
－
V V ＋
Q UEL G 43-90
G
OEL
P PSS
70R AFU
＋
IF －
MEC
• AFU activation condition • MEC-A ⇔ MEC-B AFU

– Generator voltage more than 0.9pu – System in standby mode
• AVR-A ⇔ AVR-B AFU – A-B channel communication not failure
– System in standby mode – MEC in service
– A-B channel communication not failure • MEC ⇒ AVR AFU
– AVR in service – System in running mode
– AVR in service

Automatic Follow Up (AFU) (2)

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• AVR-A ⇔ AVR-B AFU

AVR Output +
(stand by side) AVR AFU Output (To 90R)
AVR Output -
(Running side)
• MEC-A ⇔ MEC-B AFU

MEC Output
+
(stand by side) MEC AFU Output (To 70R)
MEC Output -
(Running side)
• MEC ⇒ AVR AFU

AVR Output +
70R AFU Output (To 70R)
(Running side)
-
MEC Output
(Running side)

CONTENTS
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3. Control Function

Generator Operation (1)

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Generator Operation Display Overview


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•Field Circuit Breaker

1 3 ① Open, to open FCB
2 4 ② Close, to close FCB
When FCB closed, excitation system
10 5 will automatically start
11 6
•AVR Channel
7 ③ A, to select AVR Channel A as running
9
channel
8 ④ B, to select AVR Channel B as running
channel
When running channel fault, channel will
automatically switch over to stand by channel.
When both channel fault, excitation system
will trip
(FCB open)


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•AQR
⑤ Out of Service, to disable AQR function
1 3 ⑥ Inservice, to enable AQR function
2 4 During in service AQR will be out of service
if 90R manually operated
10 5
11 6 •PSS
⑦ OFF, to disable PSS function
7 ⑧ ON, to enable PSS function
9 ⑨ IN SERVICE, to start PSS control
8
•EXCITATION MODE
⑩ MEC, to enable MEC function
⑪ AVR, to enable AVR function


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Increase PB
decrease PB
Setting Value Change Operation

•90R (Generator Voltage Setter for AVR)
① INC, to increase 90R value
② DEC, to decrease 90R value
•70R (Generator Voltage Setter for MEC)

① INC, to increase 70R value
② DEC, to decrease 70R value


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Increase PB
decrease PB
Setting Value Change Operation

•55R (Power Factor Setter) AQR function will regulate 90R
③ INC, to increase 55R value to make generator output match to
④ DEC, to decrease 55R value 55R and 57R setting value.
•57R (Reactive Power Setter) Operation on 90R during AQR in service

⑤ INC, to increase 57R value will automatically disable AQR function
⑥ DEC, to decrease 57R value


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1 2 3
① Limiters Indicator, will light green when limiters active

② AQR LOCK, will light green when a limiter active and AQR function will disable.
③ Generator operation condition in capability curve
④ Generator operation condition


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1 2
3 4 5 6
Cooling Fan System

•Cooling System Fan Select
① A, to select A System (Default)
② B, to select B System
•Cooling System Operation
③ Release, to release locked system
④ Stop Lock, to lock system (Fan can not be started)
⑤ Stop, to stop running fan
⑥ Start, to start fan


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AVR TEST Display Overview

Step Response Test

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1 ① STEP INPUT signal value selector.

Selectable values are ±1%, ±2%, ±3%, ±5% and ±10%
② Select STEP INPUT to add selected step input value to 90R.

Select RESET to clear added STEP INPUT from 90R
③ Select RECORD to begin signal recording.

Select HOLD to stop signal recording.
Recorded data can only be downloaded when HOLD is on
2 ④ Select a limiter to be tested.
Test mode will change the limiter parameter.
3 Be sure to turn off all the test mode before operation

Transient Data Record (1)

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-Recording items
* Device(bit) data 16 points
ex. FCB open/close, OEL operated
* Analog(value) data 8 points
ex. generator voltage, active power, reactive power
* Recording items can be changed.
-Period of recording
* Recording duration can be changed. Used for
Recording stop Trigger ･Commissioning Test
caused by failure ･Failure Analysis
7 sec 3 sec
Time Recording duration Time
Time 8 sec
2 sec
Manual recording
Manual hold
stop

Transient Data Record (2)

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Step Response
2 sec 8 sec

CONTENTS
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3. Control Function

Inspection Item List

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- Perform inspection accordance with the following Item List -
No. Inspection Items to be confirmed Frequency

1 Visual check (1) Are environmental conditions of specification met? Any time
(2) Is dust not accumulated?
(3) Is there no direct sun light?
(4) Is there no corrosive gas?
(5) Is ventilation good?
(6) Is there no vibration?
2 Check mounting (1) Are fastenings not loose? At regular inspection
condition (2) Is connector firmly mounted?
(3) Are cable and wiring not broken?
3 Check on power unit (1) Is input/output voltage within the specified range? At regular inspection
(2) Are ripples within the specified range?
4 Check on interface with (1) Check the level of analog input signal. At regular inspection
external circuit (2) Check the sequence of contact signal.
(3) Do these signals input to TOSMAP correctly?
5 Components (1) Is [RUN] LED lighted? At regular inspection
(2) Is the input/output characteristic good?
(3) Is the program not corrupted?
(4) Are set values not changed? Check on (3) and (4) is
made by comparing the memory card and the back up
DVD.
6 Others (1) Are lamps and indicators not broken? At regular inspection
(2) Is the operation of relays normal?
(3) Is there no any anomaly with other devices?

Periodical Replacement parts

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- Following Item is need of periodical replacement -
No. Parts name Replacement interval Replacement method

1 Electrolytic capacitor for About 5-7 years One set of power
the control power (Actual interval may vary depending unit should be
on the service temperature) replaced.

Trouble Shooting
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- When Alarm is Occurred on OPS -
1. Record the failure items that are shown lit on the OPS.
2. Press the [Alarm ACK] switch on the OPS. If the fault can be cleared, it means that
the fault is fleeting or transient.
3. Record the fault items that remain lit even after the [Alarm ACK] switch was pressed.
The faults that could not be cleared are in the permanent fault state.
4. According to Failure Item List, check the contents of fault and take necessary steps.
NOTE
If the abnormal condition persists
or detailed investigations are
needed, please consult us.

Failure Item List (1) (Sample)

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2.2. Generator Protection System

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Classroom Lecture for

Protection Relay System
Introduction of Protection Relay
Toshiba Corporation Energy Systems & Solutions Company

Introduction
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• Purpose of Protection Relay

– Device to protect power machines
from electrical accidents.
Circuit Breaker
• Power machine (examples) Main

Transformer
– Generator
– Main Transformer
– Unit Transformer Generator
– Excitation Transformer G
• Electrical accident (examples)
– Over Current Excitation Unit
– Over Voltage Transformer Transformer
– Over Excitation
– High/Low Frequency Typical Single Line Diagram of Power Plant

Introduction
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• Operation of Protection Relay

– Detect abnormal electric conditions.
• Relay unit monitors current through CT and voltage through VT.
• Operation range is determined by settings of relay functions.
– Submit Trip signal to circuit breaker.

• Interrupt power circuit immediately to prevent damage.
• Send Alarm to power plant operation system.
– Some non-critical accidents may be Alarm only.
– Record conditions and events during electrical accident.

• Recorded data can be used for fault analysis.

Introduction
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• Operation Example (1/4)

– Single Line Diagram of Generator Differential Protection
CB
(Circuit
Breaker)
Protection
G Generator
Relay
CT
(Current
Transformer)
NGR
(Neutral
Grounding
Resistor)

Introduction
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– During Normal Conditions
CB is closed
Electric
Power
I2
i2
Protection CT Secondary
G Relay Current
Generator in
CT Primary operation i1
Current I1
- Monitors electric conditions of

Generator main circuit through CT.

Introduction
305 of 350

– When Electrical Accident Occurs
Electrical
Accident
I2’
I2’
Abnormal
Protection CT Secondary
G Relay Current
Abnormal
CT Primary I1’
Current I1’
- Detects abnormal electric conditions.

- Make decision whether Trip operation
is required or not.

Introduction
306 of 350

– Submit Trip Operation
CB Trip Signal
Open CB
Operator
(immediate)
Alarm
Signal Operation
Turbine Trip System
Signal
Turbine
Control
Stop Generator System Protection
(requires time G Relay
according to turbine
trip sequence)
- Send Trip signal to open CB.

- Send Trip signal to stop Generator.
- Send Alarm to Operation system.

Introduction
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• Outline of Protection Relay Panel

– Protection Relay Panel is Electrical Panel
which executes Protection Relay Function.
– Applied for Generator Protection and/or
Transformer Protection in Power Plant.
Protection Relay Unit

– Key Components
• Protection Relay Unit
Lock Out Relay
• Lock Out Relay
• Test Terminal
Test Terminal
Protection Relay Panel

Introduction
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• Protection Relay Unit

– Intelligent Electronic device (IED)
• Multifunctional
– Many protection functions in single unit
• Maintenance free
– Computed self check operation Protection Relay Unit
– No calibration required
• Record storage
– Event Record
– Disturbance record
• Test Functions
• Data display
– Protection function setting
– Electrical value measurement Operation Software

Introduction
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• Protection Functions
– Many protection functions are used in protection relay.
– Protection functions are commonly called by device number.
– Device numbers are based on detection method and/or target
electrical accident of each protection functions.
Device No. Function

21 Phase distance protection
24 Over excitation protection
27 Under voltage protection
27TN Third harmonic neutral under voltage protection
32 Directional power protection
40 Loss of field protection
46 Negative sequence overcurrent protection
50/27 Inadvertent energizing protection
51V Inverse time overcurrent protection
59 Overvoltage protection
60FL VT fuse loss detection
78 Out-of-step protection
81 Frequency protection
87G Generator Differential protection
Typical Generator Protection Functions

Introduction
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• Lock Out Relay

– Device to output CB Trip signal.
– High speed operation to trip CB immediately.
– Hold on position after lock out operation.
• Reset shall be done manually.
Cover
Handle
Terminal
Lock Out Relay

Introduction
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• Test Terminal
– Device to input Test current/voltage. Used with Test Plug.
– Test Terminals are installed at CT/VT circuit of Protection Relay Panel.
– When Test Plug is inserted to Test Terminal, CT/VT circuit inside
Protection Relay Panel will be segregated from main circuit.
– Test current/voltage can be inputted from inserted Test Plug.
Insert
Test Plug Test Terminal

Test Input
Current / Voltage

Introduction
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• Typical Related Documents

– System Design
• Single Line Diagram, Logic Diagram
– Cubicle Design
• Outline Drawing, Arrangement Drawing, Name Plate List
– Electrical Design
• Schematic Diagram
– Setting
• Recommended Relay Setting List

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Protection Relay for
Duyen Hai 3 Extension Thermal Power Plant

Protection Relay for Duyen Hai 3 Extension
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• Generator Protection Relay Panel

– Generator Protection Relay Panel is applied for Duyen Hai 3
Extension Thermal Power Plant Project to protect Steam Turbine
Generator main circuit.
– Protection Relay provides functions for Generator protection and

Excitation Transformer protection.
– Generator Protection relays are duplicated for redundancy.
– Excitation Transformer Protection have main unit and back-up unit.

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• Outline of Generator Protection Relay Panel

• Generator Protection
– PR-1 : M-3425A
– PR-2 : G60
• Excitation Transformer
Protection
– PR-3 : M-3311A
– PR-4 : GRE110

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• Protection Relay Unit (PR-1)

– Generator Protection Relay Unit
• Type : M-3425A
• Manufacturer : Beckwith Electric Co.
• Operation software : IPS com
Protection relay unit
Operation Software : IPS com

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– Generator Protection Relay Unit
• Type : G60
• Manufacturer : GE Grid Solutions
• Operation software : EnerVista
Operation Software : EnerVista

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– Excitation Transformer Protection Relay Unit (Main)
• Type : M-3311A
• Manufacturer : Beckwith Electric Co.
• Operation software : IPS com
Operation Software : IPS com

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– Excitation Transformer Protection Relay Unit (Back-up)
• Type : GRE110
• Manufacturer : Toshiba
• Operation software : RSM100
Operation Software : RSM100

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• Function List - Generator Protection

Dev. No. Description Purpose Target
21 Distance relay for System phase fault backup System
24 Volts per hertz relay for Generator over excitation
40 Loss of excitation relay for Generator loss of field
51V Voltage restraint over current relay for Generator over current
Generator
59 Over voltage relay for Generator over voltage
78 Out of synchronism protection for Generator out of step
50/27 Inadvertent energizing relay for Generator energizing offline
46 Negative sequence relay for Rotor over heating Rotor
49 Winding thermal protection relay for Stator overload
59N Generator ground fault protection (95%) for Stator ground fault
Stator
27TN Generator ground fault protection (100%) for Stator ground fault near neutral
87G Three-phase generator differential relay for Stator fault
32 Reverse power relay for Turbine motoring
81U Under frequency relay for Turbine under frequency Turbine
81O Over frequency relay for Turbine over frequency
50BF Generator breaker failure relay for Breaker failure Breaker
60FL VT fuse loss detection relay for VT secondary failure VT
• Function List – Excitation Transformer Protection

87ET Excitation transformer differential relay for Transformer fault Trans-
50/51ET Over current relay for excitation for Transformer over current former

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• Related Documents (1/2)

– System Design
Contractor's
Owner’s Document No. Title
Drawing No.
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF
DH3E-MKA-E-TSB-0001 3GEH00876
STEAM TURBINE GENERATOR MAIN CIRCUIT
LOGIC DIAGRAM OF INTERLOCK FUNCTIONS
DH3E-MKY-E-TSB-0001 3GEH00881
FOR GENERATOR PROTECTION SYSTEM
– Cubicle Design
Contractor's
Drawing No.
OUTLINE DRAWING OF
DH3E-MKY-E-TSB-0003 3S2F1222
GENERATOR PROTECTION PANEL
ARRANGEMENT OF
GENERATOR PROTECTION RELAY PANEL
NAME PLATE OF

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• Related Documents (2/2)

– Electrical Design
Contractor's
Drawing No.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS
DH3E-MKY-E-TSB-0006 7K2F1287
– Relay Setting
Contractor's
Drawing No.
RECOMMENDED RELAY SETTINGS
DH3E-MKY-E-TSB-0007 LST-GEH-XVDH1-0023
FOR GENERATOR PROTECTION RELAY

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Generator Protection Relay Functions

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• Introduction
– This document introduces typical protection relay functions for
Generator Protection.
Typical Generator Protection Relay Function List

21 Phase distance protection for System phase fault backup System
24 Volts per hertz protection for Generator over exitation
27 Undervoltage protection for Generator undervoltage
40 Loss of field protection for Generator loss of field
51V Inverse time overcurrent protection for Generator overcurrent Generator
59 Overvoltage protection for Generator overvoltage
78 Out-of-step protection for Generator out of step
50/27 Inadvertent energizing protection for Generator energizing offline
46 Negative sequence overcurrent protection for Rotor over heating Rotor
49 Stator overload protection for Stator overload
64 (59N) Ground overvoltage protection for Stator ground fault
Stator
27TN (59GN) Third harmonic undervoltage protection for Stator ground fault near neutral
87G Generator differential protection for Stator fault
32 Reverse power protection for Turbine motoring
Turbine
81 Frequency protection for Turbine over/under frequency
60FL VT fuse loss detection for VT secondary failure VT

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• Phase Distance Protection (21)

• Purpose : for System Phase Fault Backup
• Operation : Trip
– Distant protection with Impedance mho characteristic.
– Operates when external line fault is not cleared by line protection .
GENERATOR
STEP UP TR.
VT
G
CT
21
Single Line Diagram (21) Characteristics (21)

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• Volts per Hertz Protection (24)

• Purpose : for Generator Over Excitation
• Operation : Trip (Inverse time), Alarm (Definite Time)
– Generator windings may overheat when volts/hertz (V/Hz) exceeds.
– Generator shall be operated under tolerable time limits for V/Hz.
– Different characteristics for Trip and Alarm.
Permissible short time

Volts/Hertz
24
Trip setting
Alarm setting
G

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• Undervoltage Protection (27)

• Purpose : for Generator Undervoltage
• Operation : Alarm
– Undervoltage may reduce stability of power grid and cause
unexpected effects to other connected Generators.
– Generally no trip operation but output Alarm.
27

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• Loss of Field Protection (40)

• Purpose : for Generator Loss of Field
– Generator act as induction generator when field excitation is lost.
– Generator may over speed and power output may decline.
(Protected by 78 function)
GENERATOR
STEP UP TR.
VT
G
CT
40

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• Inverse Time Overcurrent Protection (51V)

• Purpose : for Generator Overcurrent
– Set to detect Generator fault but not operate by system fault.
– Pickup current is voltage restraint for sensitivity at low voltage.
– Inverse time characteristic to coordinate with system conditions.
VT
CT
51V
Single Line Diagram (51V) Characteristics (51V)

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• Inverse Time Overcurrent Protection (51V)

– Inverse Curve Characteristic
𝑘𝑘
𝑡𝑡 = 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 × 𝛼𝛼 + 𝑐𝑐
𝐼𝐼� −1
𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠
𝑡𝑡 : Operating Time
𝐼𝐼 : Input Current
𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠 : Pickup Current Setting
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 : Time Multiplier
𝑘𝑘, 𝛼𝛼, 𝑐𝑐 : Constant(*)
(*) Constants are defined by Type of
Inverse Curves according to standards.
type Description Abbr.

A IEC Normal Inverse IEC-NI
B IEC Very Inverse IEC-VI
C IEC Extremely Inverse IEC-EI
- UK Long Time Inverse UK-LTI
D IEEE Moderately Inverse IEEE-MI
E IEEE Very Inverse IEEE-VI
F IEEE Extremely Inverse IEEE-EI
Type of Inverse Curves Inverse Curves

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• Overvoltage Protection (59)

• Purpose : for Generator Overvoltage
– Protect from damage due to overvoltage.
59

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• Out of Step Protection (78)

• Purpose : for Generator Out of Step
– Protect when synchronism with power system is lost.
– Characteristic to detect Impedance swing at loss of synchronism.
VT
CT
78

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• Inadvertent Energizing Protection (50/27)

• Purpose : for Generator Energizing while Offline
– Conjunctional function of Overcurrent (50) and Undervoltage (27).
– Operates when voltage is low but current becomes high.
– Protect when Generator is offline but accidentally energized.
VT
50
Overcurrent
G I>P.U
AND
CT Pick up
50/27 27 Delay
Undervoltage
V<P.U Dropout
Delay
Single Line Diagram (50/27) Characteristics (50/27)

336 of 350
• Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection (46)

• Purpose : for Rotor Overheat
• Operation : Trip (Inverse time curve), Alarm (Definite Time)
– Negative sequence current may induce eddy current on rotor surface.
– Surface eddy current will overheat Rotor in very short time.
Permissible
G Negative Phase
Sequence current
CT
46

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• Stator Overload Protection (49)

• Purpose : for Stator Winding Overheat
• Operation : Alarm
– Continuous Overload may cause stator winding overheat.
– Overload condition shall not exceed permissible time.
CT
49

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• Ground Overvoltage Protection (64 (59N))

• Purpose : for Stator Ground Fault
– Detect zero sequence voltage at Neutral Grounding Transformer.
– Protect 90～95% of Stator winding. Use with 27TN for 100%.
NGT 64

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• Third Harmonic Undervoltage Protection (27TN (59GN))

• Purpose : for Stator Ground Fault near Neutral
– 100% Stator ground fault protection by using with 64.
– NGT Third harmonic voltage will decrease at Stator ground fault.
– Actual third harmonic voltage shall be measured at site.
VT
NGT 27TN
Single Line Diagram (27TN) Characteristics (27TN)

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• Generator Differential Protection (87G)

• Purpose : for Generator Internal Fault
– Compare incoming current and out going current of Generator.
– High speed detection for various Generator faults.
CT
G 87G
CT
Single Line Diagram (87G) Characteristics (87G)

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• Reverse Power Protection (32)

• Purpose : for Turbine Motoring
• Operation : Trip, Sequential Trip
– When electrical Power is reversely supplied from grid to Generator,
Generator act as motor and drive Turbine reversely.
– Happens when Turbine is stopping but Generator is still online.
VT
CT
32

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• Frequency Protection (81)

• Purpose : for Generator Over / Under Frequency
• Operation : Trip, Alarm
– Multiple settings with different operation zones are available.
– Generally, Under frequency is for Trip, Over frequency is for Alarm.
– Abnormal frequency is due to mismatch of loading and generation.
81

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• VT Fuse Loss Detection (60FL)

• Purpose : for VT Failure Detection
• Operation : Block relay functions using voltage input
– Fuses are used to protect VT circuit from overvoltage.
– When VT Fuse blows up, relay input voltage may change.
– 60FL is used to prevent miss operation due to this voltage change.
VT
– Different method is applied for 60FL
according to type of protection relay.
• Voltage balance of 2 VT input.
G
• Relation of sequence voltage and
CT current during loss of potential.
60
Single Line Diagram (60)

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345 of 350

Transformer Protection Relay Functions

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• Introduction
– This document introduces typical protection relay functions for
Transformer Protection.
Typical Transformer Protection Relay Function List
Dev. No. Description
50/51T Overcurrent Protection
87T Transformer Differential Protection

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• Overcurrent Protection (50/51T)

• Purpose : for Transformer Overcurrent
– Protect from damage due to overcurrent.
– Time characteristic will be definite time (50) or inverse time (51).
50/51T
CT
Single Line Diagram (51T) Characteristics (51T)

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• Overcurrent Protection (50/51T)

– Inverse Curve Characteristic
𝑘𝑘
𝑡𝑡 = 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 × 𝛼𝛼 + 𝑐𝑐
𝐼𝐼� −1
𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠
𝑡𝑡 : Operating Time
𝐼𝐼 : Input Current
𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠 : Pickup Current Setting
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 : Time Multiplier
𝑘𝑘, 𝛼𝛼, 𝑐𝑐 : Constant(*)
(*) Constants are defined by Type of
Inverse Curves according to standards.
type Description Abbr.

A IEC Normal Inverse IEC-NI
B IEC Very Inverse IEC-VI
C IEC Extremely Inverse IEC-EI
- UK Long Time Inverse UK-LTI
D IEEE Moderately Inverse IEEE-MI
E IEEE Very Inverse IEEE-VI
F IEEE Extremely Inverse IEEE-EI
Type of Inverse Curves Inverse Curves

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• Transformer Differential Protection (87T)

• Purpose : for Transformer Internal Fault
– Compare incoming current and outgoing current of Transformer.
– High speed detection for various Transformer faults.
(phase-to-phase fault, phase-to-earth fault, turn-to-turn fault)
CT
87T
CT
Single Line Diagram (87T) Characteristics (87T)

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B Revised as per

POWER ENGINEERING CONSULTING JOINT STOCK

SUB-CONTRACTOR Toshiba Corporation Power System Company (TSB)

DUYEN HAI 3 EXTENSION THERMAL CONTRACT No.：

Document Status: FOR APPROVAL

Contractor Document No.: Rev.:

1. Generator and Auxiliary System and Gen. Cooling,

Shaft sealing and H2 Gas System

1.1. Generator and Auxiliary System and Gen. Cooling,

Shaft sealing and H2 Gas System

Duyen Hai 3 Extension

Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations - Confidential - 1

Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations - Confidential - 2

Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations - Confidential - 3

Introduction of Toshiba’s generator

Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations - Confidential - 4

The first one The latest one

Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations - Confidential - 6

Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations - Confidential - 7

Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations - Confidential - 8

Total Units：815 (219,041MVA）

(Over 5000kVA, Up to Mar. 2016)

Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations - Confidential - 9

Total Units：815 (219,041MVA）

250 Stator Water Cooled

200 150 Air Cooled

(Over 5000kVA, Up to Mar. 2016)

Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations - Confidential - 10

0 500 1000 1500

Water-Cooled Hydrogen Gas Hydrogen Gas Water

Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations - Confidential - 11

Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations - Confidential - 12

Duyen Hai 3 Extension

Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations - Confidential - 13

Project name Duyen Hai 3

Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations - Confidential - 14

Project name Duyen Hai 3

Stator core lõi stator

Armature winding cuộn dây phần ứng

Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations - Confidential - 15

Project name Duyen Hai 3

Design Stator frame khung

Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations - Confidential - 16

Project name Duyen Hai 3

Bearing metal Elliptical Sliding bearing

Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations - Confidential - 17

Generator Stator Structure

Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations - Confidential - 18

Magnetic flux path nam châm điện Collector (room)

Stator Frame Fabrication

Machining of one half piece

bệ đỡ lò xo Stator Core ・ Low Loss

Completed Core Assembly Spring Plates and Key Bars

Stator Core Vibration

2 pole turbine generator

Two times frequency of its rating

Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations - Confidential - 22

Spring Support System of Stator Core

Section Plate tấm lò xo

Generator Design Dept. Keihin Product Operations - Confidential - 23

Nut Key Bar

Core Flange Stator Core Core Flange

Finger plate Finger plate

Stator Core is fixed by