Lab Experiment No.

2
The Bunsen Burner and Laboratory Measurements

Group 4
Correos, Justin Lemuel T.
Cosca, Kurt Izak S.
Eduarte, Simon Miguel V.
Medel, Josef Johrel D.
Sauza, Macy Andrei A.

Leader
Millan, Arjet R.

Course & Section

CHEM 001D - IT22S1

Submitted to: Engr. Ivandale Gundran

Date Submitted: February 7, 2023

Performed on: January 31, 2023

1. Objective(s):

The activity aims to teach students how to operate the Bunsen Burner. It also aims to use
standard measuring devices for length, mass, and volume in the laboratory. The students will
be able to measure the volume and mass of water and calculate its density.

2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOS):

The students shall be able to:

2.1 Carefully operate a Bunsen Burner and prepare glass bends.
2.2 Measure the area, volume, and density of solids and liquids using laboratory
apparatuses.
2.4 Apply Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of a substance in the handling and
disposal of waste.
2.3 Prepare a laboratory report that includes data and observations, data analysis, data
validation, Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), valid conclusions, and safe waste
disposal.

3. Discussion:

A Bunsen Burner is a device for the production of a hot clean flame by burning a fuel gas in
the air. There are four main parts of the burner: the base, which supports the device; collar
which regulates the air entering the barrel; the barrel, which acts as the mixing chamber of air
and gas; and gas regulator, which controls the gas input. A rubber hose is normally used to
connect the gas outlet to the main gas valve. A gas mixture rises to the top, it burns and
produces flame.

The Bunsen flame consists of three distinct zones: the innermost zone directly above' the barrel
consists of unburned gas, the middle or reducing zone is the region of incomplete combustion
and requires more oxygen and the outermost zone, which is light purple in color is the region
for complete combustion and is called oxidizing zone.

(PICTURE OF BUNSEN BURNER)

The hottest part of the flame is the tip of the reducing zone. Flame is luminous (yellow flame)
due to lack of oxygen or air. By opening the air holes or collar, non-luminous (bluish flame) is
produced due to complete combustion of the fuel gas.

Igniting the Bunsen Burner with low gas pressure allows the flame to travel down at the spud
and may "strike back". To avoid this, the air holes should almost be completely closed, before
lighting the burner.

Chemistry as a quantitative science requires knowledge of measurement. Two systems of

measurements are often used in scientific studies the Metric system and the English system.
The Metric system or International system of measurement is now popularly being used. In
system of measurement, it is important to distinguish between the physical quantities and the
units of measurement.

The following are the seven fundamental units of measurement: length (meter), mass
(kilogram), time (second), electrical current (Ampere), temperature (Kelvin), amount of
substance (mole), and luminous intensity (candela).

Accuracy refers to the closeness of a measurement to the accepted value for a specific quantity.
On the other hand, precision is the agreement among several measurements that have been
made in the same way.

Measurement of physical quantity is always subject to some degree of uncertainty that can be
attributed to three factors: the researcher, the method and the instrument.

4. Materials

1 Bunsen Burner 1 Thermometer 1 Graduated Cylinder (50 ml)

2 Wash Bottle (250 ml) 1 Electronic Balance Aluminum Strip
1 Beaker (50 ml) 4 1 Peso Coins 1 Copper Strip
1 Erlenmeyer Flask (250 ml) 1 Volumetric Flask (250 ml)

5. Procedure:

A. The Bunsen Burner and the Bunsen flame.

1. Get a Bunsen Burner and dismantle it to show the different parts. Reassemble, connect
to a gas outlet, and light it with a match while the air holes are closed.
2. Slowly regulate the air that enters the barrel manipulating the collar until a non-
luminous (bluish) flame is obtained.

B. Measurement
Dimensions of Solids
1. Using a ruler or meter stick, measure the length (1), width (w), and height (h) of a wall
mounted first aid kit. Record the measurements in centimeters.
2. Solve for the volume (V) of the wall mounted first aid kit in ml using the formula
Volume = lwh
 Formula: V =lwv
Sol’n: V =(34)(17)(35.5)
V =20519

Volume(s) of Liquids
1. Fill a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask up to the 250 ml mark. Fill the cylinder only up to its
capacity of 100 ml. Measure the volume of the water in the flask by carefully
transferring the liquid from the flask to the 100 ml graduated cylinder until the flask is
empty.
2. Be sure to read the volume at the bottom of the meniscus. Use a white paper to see the
reading clearly. Record the volume and compare it with the capacity.
3. Repeat no.1 procedure but use a 250 ml volumetric flask and fill up to the ringed mark.

Mass of Solids
1. Get four one peso coins minted in 2010 and 2017. Weigh each one peso coin carefully
to the nearest milligram using an electronic balance. Then weigh all four coins from the
same year.
2. Record all masses. Compute the average mass and the standard deviation of the coins.

Density of a Liquid
1. Weigh an empty and dry 50 ml graduated cylinder using an electronic balance.
Carefully fill the cylinder with water up to the 50 ml mark. Wipe the sides of the
cylinder before weighing in the top loading balance. Repeat the same procedure but fill
the water up to the 25 ml mark only.
mass
2. Solve the density of water by using the formula density,p = .
volume
3. Use a hydrometer to get the density of water. A hydrometer is an instrument used to
measure the specific gravity or relative density of liquids, i.e. the ratio of the density of
the liquid to the density of water. Take the temperature of the surroundings and get the
density of water at that temperature. Solve the density of your liquid using the formula,
specific gravity (hydrometer reading).
density of liquid
specific gravity =
density of water at Temperature

Density of an Irregular Solid

1. Weigh a beaker, record the mass then place a piece of copper strip/coil and record the
masses.
2. Measure 25 ml of water using a 50 ml graduated cylinder. Record its initial volume.
Carefully drop the copper strip along the side of the graduated cylinder. Record the
 final volume. Get the volume of the copper strip.
(Final Volume - Initial Volume = Volume of copper).
3. Solve for the density of the copper using the formula
mass
density, p = .
( Final volume−Initial volume)
4. Do the same procedure as 1, but use an aluminum strip. Record its mass.

6. Data and Calculations:

B. Measurement
(a) Volume of Liquid:
Volume of liquid in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask: 200 ml
Volume of liquid in 250 ml Volumetric flask: ______ ml
Does the volume of both flasks agree with its capacity? No
(b) Mass of coins

Date of the coin Mass of the coin (g) Deviation Square of the deviation
2
(x ¿¿ i) ¿ (x i−x ) ( x i−x )

6.8 -0.05 .0025

6.8 -0.05 .0025

6.9 .05 .0025

6.9 .05 .0025

Calculate the sum: Σ x 1= 27.4 Σ( x i−x )2= 0.01

Total mass of coins when weigh together: 27.4 grams

Average mass: x = 6.85 grams
Calculate the standard deviation for the four coins using the formula in the discussion.
Standard deviation, s = 0.058 gram

COMPUTATION:
Given: x 1= 6.8 n=4
x=6.85
Formula: Deviation - (x i−x )
Square of the Deviation - ( x i−x )2
Sum of Squares (SS) - Σ ( x i−x )2
 2 SS
Variance - s =
n−1
Standard Deviation - s= √ ❑
Solution:
(x i−x ) = 6.8 - 6.85 = -0.05
( x i−x )2= (−0.05)2 = 0.0025
2
( x i−x ) = .0025 + .0025 + .0025 +.0025 = 0.01
2 SS 0.01 0.01
s= = = =0.00333333333
n−1 4−1 3
s= √ ❑ = √❑

(d) Density of a liquid

1 2

Mass of graduated cylinder 88 grams

Mass of graduated cylinder 25 ml water + graduated 50 ml water + graduated

and liquid cylinder = 112.2 grams cylinder = 137.6 grams

Mass of liquid

Write your calculations here 1 2

Density from data g/ml g/ml

Density from hydrometer g/ml g/ml

Density from hydrometer g/ml g/ml

%error % %
d calc−d hyd
¿ x 100
d hyd

7. Questions

1. Which flame is best for heating? How do you produce such a flame?
Blue Flame is the flame that works best for heating because blue flames mean safe
burning. A blue gas flame color means complete combustion. To create flame, we use
some matches.
 2. Why is the measured volume of the wall mounted first aid kit not equivalent to the
printed volume?
The wall mounted first aid kit is a solid object, so we measured its dimensions which
was the length, height and width and multiplied them together to calculate its volume.
However, there is a percent error compared to its printed volume because we only used
a ruler to measure and some rulers have a badly worn one end, this introduces the same
amount of uncertainty in measuring.

3. Which is more accurate in measuring the volume of a liquid, Erlenmeyer flask or

Volumetric flask? How do you use a volumetric flask?
Because of its thin neck and volume mark, a volumetric flask is more accurate than an
Erlenmeyer flask at measuring volume. A tiny liquid surface means that variations in
surface height result in more subtle variations in liquid volume.

4. Is there any significant difference between the one peso coins minted in two different
years? Explain based on calculated averages and standard deviations.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Waste Disposal:

Solid Waste: Place used solids in a specially labeled waste container for solid waste. Return
copper and aluminum strips to the laboratory. Liquid Waste: Place liquids/ solution in specially
labeled liquid waste containers for acid wastes/ alkaline wastes /inorganic wastes. Drain water
in the sink.

8. Conclusion:

To conclude, we conducted several experiments which taught us several concepts such

as how to operate a bunsen burner and which flame is best for heating. For that
experiment we concluded that blue flames indicate safe burning, they are the flame that
performs the best for heating. Next we measured a wall-mounted first aid kit which is a
part of the dimension of solids. We used a ruler to measure, and as some rulers have a
poorly worn one end, there is an equal amount of measurement variability when
compared to the written volume. Additionally, we measured the volume and the density
of both liquids and solids using some measuring tools such as a volumetric flask,
Erlenmeyer flask, graduated cylinder and a triple beam balance for weighing. For the
liquids, we measured by filling out the cylinders with water and for the solids we
measured using a ruler, we also used peso coins and weighed them on the triple beam
 balance. To sum up, A volumetric flask is more precise than an Erlenmeyer flask at
measuring volume due to its thin neck and volume mark. Due to the small liquid
surface, subtler fluctuations in liquid volume are produced by changes in surface
height.SS

HONOR PLEDGE: “I accept responsibility for my role in ensuring the integrity of the work
submitted by the group in which I participated.”