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2
The Bunsen Burner and Laboratory Measurements
Group 4
Correos, Justin Lemuel T.
Cosca, Kurt Izak S.
Eduarte, Simon Miguel V.
Medel, Josef Johrel D.
Sauza, Macy Andrei A.
Leader
Millan, Arjet R.
The activity aims to teach students how to operate the Bunsen Burner. It also aims to use
standard measuring devices for length, mass, and volume in the laboratory. The students will
be able to measure the volume and mass of water and calculate its density.
3. Discussion:
A Bunsen Burner is a device for the production of a hot clean flame by burning a fuel gas in
the air. There are four main parts of the burner: the base, which supports the device; collar
which regulates the air entering the barrel; the barrel, which acts as the mixing chamber of air
and gas; and gas regulator, which controls the gas input. A rubber hose is normally used to
connect the gas outlet to the main gas valve. A gas mixture rises to the top, it burns and
produces flame.
The Bunsen flame consists of three distinct zones: the innermost zone directly above' the barrel
consists of unburned gas, the middle or reducing zone is the region of incomplete combustion
and requires more oxygen and the outermost zone, which is light purple in color is the region
for complete combustion and is called oxidizing zone.
The hottest part of the flame is the tip of the reducing zone. Flame is luminous (yellow flame)
due to lack of oxygen or air. By opening the air holes or collar, non-luminous (bluish flame) is
produced due to complete combustion of the fuel gas.
Igniting the Bunsen Burner with low gas pressure allows the flame to travel down at the spud
and may "strike back". To avoid this, the air holes should almost be completely closed, before
lighting the burner.
The following are the seven fundamental units of measurement: length (meter), mass
(kilogram), time (second), electrical current (Ampere), temperature (Kelvin), amount of
substance (mole), and luminous intensity (candela).
Accuracy refers to the closeness of a measurement to the accepted value for a specific quantity.
On the other hand, precision is the agreement among several measurements that have been
made in the same way.
Measurement of physical quantity is always subject to some degree of uncertainty that can be
attributed to three factors: the researcher, the method and the instrument.
4. Materials
5. Procedure:
B. Measurement
Dimensions of Solids
1. Using a ruler or meter stick, measure the length (1), width (w), and height (h) of a wall
mounted first aid kit. Record the measurements in centimeters.
2. Solve for the volume (V) of the wall mounted first aid kit in ml using the formula
Volume = lwh
Formula: V =lwv
Sol’n: V =(34)(17)(35.5)
V =20519
Volume(s) of Liquids
1. Fill a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask up to the 250 ml mark. Fill the cylinder only up to its
capacity of 100 ml. Measure the volume of the water in the flask by carefully
transferring the liquid from the flask to the 100 ml graduated cylinder until the flask is
empty.
2. Be sure to read the volume at the bottom of the meniscus. Use a white paper to see the
reading clearly. Record the volume and compare it with the capacity.
3. Repeat no.1 procedure but use a 250 ml volumetric flask and fill up to the ringed mark.
Mass of Solids
1. Get four one peso coins minted in 2010 and 2017. Weigh each one peso coin carefully
to the nearest milligram using an electronic balance. Then weigh all four coins from the
same year.
2. Record all masses. Compute the average mass and the standard deviation of the coins.
Density of a Liquid
1. Weigh an empty and dry 50 ml graduated cylinder using an electronic balance.
Carefully fill the cylinder with water up to the 50 ml mark. Wipe the sides of the
cylinder before weighing in the top loading balance. Repeat the same procedure but fill
the water up to the 25 ml mark only.
mass
2. Solve the density of water by using the formula density,p = .
volume
3. Use a hydrometer to get the density of water. A hydrometer is an instrument used to
measure the specific gravity or relative density of liquids, i.e. the ratio of the density of
the liquid to the density of water. Take the temperature of the surroundings and get the
density of water at that temperature. Solve the density of your liquid using the formula,
specific gravity (hydrometer reading).
density of liquid
specific gravity =
density of water at Temperature
B. Measurement
(a) Volume of Liquid:
Volume of liquid in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask: 200 ml
Volume of liquid in 250 ml Volumetric flask: ______ ml
Does the volume of both flasks agree with its capacity? No
(b) Mass of coins
Date of the coin Mass of the coin (g) Deviation Square of the deviation
2
(x ¿¿ i) ¿ (x i−x ) ( x i−x )
COMPUTATION:
Given: x 1= 6.8 n=4
x=6.85
Formula: Deviation - (x i−x )
Square of the Deviation - ( x i−x )2
Sum of Squares (SS) - Σ ( x i−x )2
2 SS
Variance - s =
n−1
Standard Deviation - s= √ ❑
Solution:
(x i−x ) = 6.8 - 6.85 = -0.05
( x i−x )2= (−0.05)2 = 0.0025
2
( x i−x ) = .0025 + .0025 + .0025 +.0025 = 0.01
2 SS 0.01 0.01
s= = = =0.00333333333
n−1 4−1 3
s= √ ❑ = √❑
1 2
Mass of liquid
%error % %
d calc−d hyd
¿ x 100
d hyd
7. Questions
1. Which flame is best for heating? How do you produce such a flame?
Blue Flame is the flame that works best for heating because blue flames mean safe
burning. A blue gas flame color means complete combustion. To create flame, we use
some matches.
2. Why is the measured volume of the wall mounted first aid kit not equivalent to the
printed volume?
The wall mounted first aid kit is a solid object, so we measured its dimensions which
was the length, height and width and multiplied them together to calculate its volume.
However, there is a percent error compared to its printed volume because we only used
a ruler to measure and some rulers have a badly worn one end, this introduces the same
amount of uncertainty in measuring.
4. Is there any significant difference between the one peso coins minted in two different
years? Explain based on calculated averages and standard deviations.
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Waste Disposal:
Solid Waste: Place used solids in a specially labeled waste container for solid waste. Return
copper and aluminum strips to the laboratory. Liquid Waste: Place liquids/ solution in specially
labeled liquid waste containers for acid wastes/ alkaline wastes /inorganic wastes. Drain water
in the sink.
8. Conclusion:
HONOR PLEDGE: “I accept responsibility for my role in ensuring the integrity of the work
submitted by the group in which I participated.”