The Unification of Germany

Background
Nationalism and Enlighten ideas energized people in Europe to push for more democratic forms
of government in 1800's. The people were inspired and revolt against the European rule. They
want their own nations. The common culture brought people to come together and this is the
main reason of the unification of Germany and Italy. In the mid of 18th century, the country was
neither existed. The people were broke in many smaller states. Due to the cultural and religious
similarities, the nationalist feelings increased in them.

Italian Unifications
 After the congress of Vienna, the Italian Peninsula was still divided.
 The Kingdom of "Two Sicillie" was the largest region in Southern Italy. #this region was
governed by Spanish and Austrians) before achieving independence.
 The Kingdom was formed when the Kingdom of Sicilley merged with the Kingdom of
Naples.
 Since, both Kingdoms were known as "Two Sicille.

Norther Regions
 In north, the Kingdom of Sardinia had been under Spanish and French control.
 In 1852, the Prime Minister Count Cavour use the political negotiations and conflict to
help unify the Italy.
 He allied with Former and engineered a war with Austria that results into occupying more
land.

Southern Region:
In southern Italy, Italian nationalists were led by Giuseppe Garibaldi.
He led the Red Shirts = it was an army who wore bright red shirts in battle. They captured the
island of Sicilley and then crossed into the main Italian land. As a result, they conquered
southern areas and agreed to unite with Piedmont-Sardinia in north.
In the last, they agreed to hand over power to Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia. Soon after, the
province of Venetia, home to the famous city of Venice joined the Papal States, large region of
central Itlay under the control of the pope and the Roman Catholic Church came under Italian
control. When it did, the city of Rome became the capital of United Kingdom of Itlay.
German Unification:
 He 30 German states had an alliance known as "German Confederation"。
 On the other hand, the Austrian Empire, usually dominated it.
 The state of Prussia took the lead in the unifying them into Germany.

Explanation
 In 1862, Otto von Bismarck to be the prime minister of Prussia.
 He had a philosophy known as "Realpolitik". This philosophy based on the practical
objectives.
 He was willing to do whatever it took to achieve his goals.
 Bismarck initiated was with Austria that is known as the "Seven Weeks War" that
brought Prussia more territory.
 Then he create a conflict with France over Border States in 1870.
 This results into Franco-Prussian War and the Prussian victory was final piece to unifying
the German states.
 Germany was now united and a large, powerful force in Europe.