PROGRAMMING

This is the process of creating a set of instructions that tells a computer how to perform a
task. It’s not just the action of writing code for the computer or software to run, it also includes all
the tasks necessary for the code to function correctly and fulfill the purpose for which it was
written.

Currently, it is the process by which a person develops a program, using a tool that allows
them to write the code (which can be in one or more languages, such as C++, Java and Python,
among many others) and another that is capable of "translating" it into what is known as machine
language, which can be "understood" by the microprocessor.

To create a program and have it interpreted and executed by the computer, the instructions
must be written in a programming language. The language understood by a computer is known as
machine code, it consists of sequences of basic instructions that the processor recognizes,
encoded as strings of numbers 1 and 0 (binary system).

Compilation
The program written in a high-level programming language (easily understood by the
programmer) is called a source program and cannot be executed directly on a computer. The most
common option is to compile the program obtaining an object module, although also, if the
language supports it, it can be executed directly but only through an interpreter. Some languages
have both forms of execution, which makes it easier to debug and test the program.

Programming Language
A programming language is a formal (i.e. a language with well-defined grammatical rules)
language that provides a person (the programmer), with the ability to write (or program) a series
of instructions or sequences of orders in the form of algorithms in order to control the physical or
logical behavior of a computer system.

Elements
The visible form of a programming language is known as syntax. Most programming
languages use strings of text that include words, numbers, and punctuation, similar to written
natural languages. On the other hand, there are some programming languages that are more
graphical in nature, using visual relationships between symbols to specify a program.

The syntax of a programming language describes the possible combinations of symbols that
make up a syntactically correct program.

Variables and Constants

Variables are titles assigned to spaces in memory to store specific data. They are data
containers and for this reason they are differentiated according to the type of data that they are
capable of storing. In most programming languages it is required to specify a specific type of
variable to store specific data.
Data Type Description
Char These variables contain a single character, that is, a letter, a sign, or a number.
Int They contain an integer (number with no decimals)
Float They contain a decimal number.
String They contain text strings.
Boolean They can only contain a zero or a one.