Name: Melo L.
Medecielo
Chapter Title: Formulating an Effective Response: A Structured Approach
Definition of Terms:
1. Health care professionals- they
provide essential services that
promote health, prevent diseases and
deliver health care services to
individuals, families and communities.
2. Rational pharmacotherapy - can be
promoted by ensuring that drug
information is correctly interpreted and
appropriately applied. This presents
an opportunity and a challenge for
pharmacists who are true drug
therapy experts and play a broader
role in patient care.
3. American Society of HealthSystem
Pharmacists - meaning of ASHP
4. Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process
- meaning of PPCP
5. Critical information- it defines the
problem and elucidates the context of
the question is not readily
volunteered, but must be expertly
elicited.
6. Fosamprenavir - is an oral
antiretroviral agent that is indicated for
the treatment of human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV1)
infection in combination with other
antiretroviral agents.
7. Azithromycin - is structurally similar
to erythromycin, a macrolide that has
been used historically for short term
management of gastroparesis
8. Erythromycin - to reduce symptoms
from delayed gastric emptying in
either the intravenous (IV) or oral
formulation 9.) American
Gastroenterology Association -
meaning of AGA
9. Gastroparesis - is characterized by
delayed gastric emptying and is most
commonly associated with diabetes
mellitus
10. Erythromycin - is a macrolide
antibiotic with known prokinetic effects
Summary
This chapter offers a deliberate, organized
approach to creating informative remarks and
recommendations in response to questions
concerning medications. It emphasizes how
important it is for pharmacists to develop their
skills in applied pharmacotherapy and
deepen their knowledge of drugs and
treatments to cover the clinical care of
individual patients or sizable groups. In order
to give meaningful replies and relevant
information, barriers, whether real or
imagined, must be removed, such as the
false notion that numerous patient-specific
prescription information requests do not
apply, and the lack of a formal, documented
consultation. It has become normal to use a
methodical approach. Watanabe's original
approach, which others have modified, is
used when replying to inquiries about drugs.
The ASHP standards for responding to
requests for medication information provide a
nine-step procedure. In this process, the
requester is identified, the true question is
defined, background information is gathered,
the question is categorized, a systematic
search is carried out, the information is
analyzed, the information is distributed, the
response is documented, and a follow-up
assessment is made. A crucial element in
maintaining the information flow will be the
capacity to do so with minimal interruptions
and questions that are unnecessary or
improper the accomplishment of making a
persuasive argument. Eliminating potential
barriers should be the goal.
The most important information in this work is
the need of taking into account variables
besides the initial query, including the activity
and half-lives of known metabolites, the
availability the impacts of age, disease, or
end-organ function, the persistence of the
medication's pharmacodynamic effects past
 of the medication beyond its detection
in the resulting from stimulation of
motilin receptors in the gut.
11. Azithromycin - is also a macrolide
antibiotic but is more commonly used
for infection related conditions as
opposed to gastrointestinal motility.
12. Vesicoureteral reflux - meaning of
VUR
13. Tooth discoloration - is described as
either extrinsic (i.e., outer surface) or
intrinsic (i.e., within enamel).
14. Extrinsic discoloration - can be
seen with tea, coffee, tobacco, and
some medications such as mouth
rinses and iron salts
Self-Assessment questions
Copy + Paste the Self-Assessment questions. Provide your answer and rationale with
citations. Follow the sample given below.
Answer:
its detection in the plasma, and the influence
of the medication's delivery route on the
apparent half-life. Good communication
abilities are required for gathering relevant
information, identifying the real inquiry, and
identifying the requestor's true requirements.
It is vital to acquire crucial background
information, locate more pertinent
components, put together and arrange a
database, collect data on relevant illness
states, and collect data on pharmaceuticals in
order to generate a response.
Developing responses and recommendations
requires careful consideration of information
analysis and synthesis. A good response
must clearly define the issues, obstacles, and
situations, address and answer the question,
be personalized for the requester, contain a
repetition of the request, and address and
answer the question. It need to start with an
overview of the subject before systematically
describing the particular findings. Specific
recommendations must be supported by
sound science, solid data, thorough
documentation, and acceptable justification.
For evaluating results and updating
recommendations, follow-up is essential. By
synthesizing information from several sources
with logic and logical reasoning, conclusions
and suggestions are generated.
Choice: A
Rationale:

1. Which of the following best describes the pharmacist’s responsibility during the process
of responding to drug information questions?
a. Coordinating purchase of appropriate drug information resources
b. Educating clinicians about appropriate drug information resources
c. Ensuring that drug information is correctly interpreted and applied
d. Providing clinicians with ready access to electronic resources

Answer : Ensuring that drug information is correctly interpreted and applied

Choice : C
Rationale : Rational pharmacotherapy can be promoted by ensuring that drug information is
correctly interpreted and appropriately applied. This presents an opportunity and a
challenge for pharmacists who are true drug therapy experts and play a broader role in
patient care.

Reference: Sheehan A.H & Jordan, J. (2023). Drug Information: A Guide for Pharmacists. 2

2. Which of the following steps of the systematic approach is conducted after providing a
response to a drug information request?
a. Categorizing the question
b. Identifying the requestor
c. Follow­up on patient outcomes
d. Analyzing the information

Answer: Follow-up on patient outcomes

Choice : C
Rationale : The pharmacist should not be relegated to the role of information dispenser or
gatekeeper, but they should instead extend their knowledge of drugs and therapeutics to
the clinical management of individual patients or the care of large populations.

Reference: Sheehan A.H & Jordan, J. (2023). Drug Information: A Guide for Pharmacists. 2

3. Which of the following strategies can help clinicians overcome barriers when collecting
pertinent patient information for responses to drug
information responses?
a. Advanced training in literature searching
b. Accepting responsibility for patient outcomes
c. Acknowledging most requests are not patient specific
d. All the above

Answer : Accepting responsibility for patient outcomes

Choice : B
Rationale : Health care professionals should recognize that their responsibility extends
beyond simply providing an answer to a question. Rather, it is to assist in resolving
therapeutic dilemmas or managing patients’ medication regimens for their entire therapeutic
outcome. Knowledge of pharmacotherapy alone does not ensure success. Moreover,
isolated information is not sufficient for formulating responses to questions or ensuring
proper patient management. In fact, it is uncommon to find comprehensive answers in the
literature that completely and effectively address specific situations or circumstances that
clinicians encounter in their daily practices.

Reference: Sheehan A.H & Jordan, J. (2023). Drug Information: A Guide for Pharmacists. 2

4. Which of the following factors can greatly impair a clinicians’ ability to formulate an
effective response for a drug information request?
a. Absence of sufficient background information
b. Lack of specialty training in drug information
c. Absence of specialty board certification
d. Lack of dedication to patient care

Answer : Absence of sufficient background information

Choice : A
Rationale : The absence of sufficient background information and pertinent patient data can
greatly impair the process of information synthesis and the ability to formulate effective
responses.

Reference: Sheehan A.H & Jordan, J. (2023). Drug Information: A Guide for Pharmacists. 2

5. Which of the following statements are correct regarding the steps of the systematic
approach for responding to drug information requests?
a. The full approach may not be practical for certain practice settings.
b. The steps must always be completed in a specific order.
c. It is acceptable to skip collecting pertinent background information.
d. All the above.

Answer : The full approach may not be practical for certain practice settings
Choice : A
Rationale : Additionally, the specific approach used to respond to a drug information
request should be flexible, depending on the given practice setting and specific scenario.
The full process outlined above may not be practical in certain direct patient care settings or
when an urgent response is necessary.

Reference: Sheehan A.H & Jordan, J. (2023). Drug Information: A Guide for Pharmacists. 2

6. Which of the following can improve the process of data collection when a clinician is
receiving a drug information request?
a. Minimizing distractions to information flow
b. Using a standard data collection form for all requests
c. Using effective questioning strategies
d. All the above
Answer : All the Above
Choice : D
Rationale : Drug information request should be flexible, depending on the given practice
setting and specific scenario.

Reference: Sheehan A.H & Jordan, J. (2023). Drug Information: A Guide for Pharmacists. 2

7. Which of the following factors are important to consider when responding to a question
regarding an adverse drug event?
a. Incidence of adverse drug event
b. Sequence and time frame of events
c. Predisposing factors for adverse event
d. All the above

Answer : All the above

Choice : D
Rationale : Obtaining an accurate medication list broadened the list of potential medications
that could be associated with the adverse effect in this particular patient.

Reference: Sheehan A.H & Jordan, J. (2023). Drug Information: A Guide for Pharmacists.
10

8. Which of the following is the first step in preparing an effective response to a

patient­specific drug information request?
a. Development of a patient­specific database
b. Critical analysis of relevant literature
c. Synthesis of information from diverse resources
d. Use of deductive reasoning and logic

Answer : Development of a patient-specific database

Choice : A
Rationale : Development of a patient specific database is one of the first steps in preparing
a response. This requires the collection of pertinent information from the patient, caregivers,
health care providers, medical charts, and other patient records. A comprehensive
medication history also is essential. This database would invariably include information that
overlaps with the medical and nursing databases.

Reference: Sheehan A.H & Jordan, J. (2023). Drug Information: A Guide for Pharmacists.
14

9. Which of the following steps of the systematic approach to responding to drug

information requests involves careful evaluation and interpretation
of available information?
a. Evaluate
b. Categorize
c. Analyze
d. Disseminate

Answer : Analyze
Choice : C
Rationale : Once the information has been carefully analyzed, synthesis can begin.
Synthesis is the careful, systematic, and orderly process of combining or blending varied
and diverse elements, ideas, or factors into a coherent response.

Reference: Sheehan A.H & Jordan, J. (2023). Drug Information: A Guide for Pharmacists.
16

10. Which of the following are the four critical factors to be considered when formulating a
response to a drug information request?
a. Disease incidence, severity, duration, and prognosis
b. Primary, secondary, and tertiary literature resources
c. Patient, disease, medication, and pertinent background
d. Identity, question category, documentation, and follow­up

Answer : Patient, disease, medication, and pertinent background

Choice : C
Rationale : Systematic approach for responding to drug information requests which includes
identifying the requestor, defining the true question, obtaining background information,
categorizing the question, performing a systematic search, analyzing the information,
disseminating the information, documenting the response, and performing a followup
assessment.

Reference: Sheehan A.H & Jordan, J. (2023). Drug Information: A Guide for Pharmacists. 2

11. Which of the following statements is true regarding the process of eliciting critical
background information from a requestor?
a. The requestor should be blamed for failure to disclose critical information.
b. Communication skills are essential for gathering relevant information.
c. It is the requestor’s responsibility to provide relevant background information.
d. Gathering background information is not essential to formulation of a response.

Answer : Communication skills are essential for gathering relevant information

Choice : B
Rationale : Good communication skills (both listening and questioning) are essential for
gathering relevant information, discerning the real question, and identifying the genuine
needs of the requestor.

Reference: Sheehan A.H & Jordan, J. (2023). Drug Information: A Guide for Pharmacists. 5

12. Which of the following are potential consequences of providing responses and offering
recommendations without knowledge of pertinent patient
information?
a. General response that does not meet the needs of the requestor
b. Damage to the clinician’s reputation
c. Patient harm or death
d. All the above

Answer : All the above

Choice : D
Rationale : The absence of sufficient background information and pertinent patient data can
greatly impair the process of information synthesis and the ability to formulate effective
responses

Reference: Sheehan A.H & Jordan, J. (2023). Drug Information: A Guide for Pharmacists. 2

13. Which of the following involves integration of information about the patient, disease, and
medication to arrive at a judgment or conclusion?
a. Synthesis
b. Analysis
c. Research
d. Integration

Answer : Synthesis
Choice : A
Rationale : Synthesis is the careful, systematic, and orderly process of combining or
blending varied and diverse elements, ideas, or factors into a coherent response.

Reference: Sheehan A.H & Jordan, J. (2023). Drug Information: A Guide for Pharmacists.
16

14. Which of the following are desired characteristics of a well­formulated drug information
response?
a. Timely, accurate, and complete
b. Applicable and appropriate for specific circumstance
c. Supported by best available evidence
d. All the above

Answer : All the above Choice : D Rationale : Drug information have outlined a nine step,
systematic approach for responding to drug information requests which includes identifying
the requestor, defining the true question, obtaining background information, categorizing the
question, performing a systematic search, analyzing the information, disseminating the
information, documenting the response, and performing a followup assessment.

Reference: Sheehan A.H & Jordan, J. (2023). Drug Information: A Guide for Pharmacists. 2

15. Which of the following assumptions is appropriate when receiving a drug information
question from health care professional?
a. Question is usually academic or general in nature.
b. Commonly prompted by drug company representatives.
c. Likely involves specific patients and unique clinical circumstances.
d. All the above.

Answer : Likely involves specific patients and unique clinical circumstances.

Choice : C
Rationale : It isrational to assume that queries from health care providers will invariably
involve specific patients and unique clinical circumstances.

Reference: Sheehan A.H & Jordan, J. (2023). Drug Information: A Guide for Pharmacists. 3

References (APA 7th ed)