PIPES, PLUMBING MATERIALS,

FITTINGS
BUILDING UTLITIES 1
PIPES
THE STRAIGHT SECTIONS OF PLUMBING SYSTEM ARE
CALLED “PIPES “ OR “TUBES”
TYPES OF PIPES
POLY VINYL CHLORIDE plastic material (PVC PIPE)
 Most common pipe for plumbing
 Common replacement for metal
piping
 Most widely used plastic in the
world
 PVC pipe and fittings usually
comes in white or dark gray
 Used for unheated water as well
as vent and drainage system
TYPES OF PIPES
POLYETHYLENE plastic material (PE PIPE)
 Intended for long span water system
installation
 Allows cost savings in
installation
 Length of pipes are joined together and
the other pipe material
 Including distribution of pressurized natural gas, pipelines carrying
petroleum and petroleum products and chemicals, underground
loops for geothermal heating and cooling systems, distribution of
compressed gases and air, potable water mains and service lines,
and sanitary and storm sewer systems
TYPES OF PIPES
OTHER TYPE OF PLASTIC PIPE
RIGID TYPE: FLEXIBLE TYPES:
• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) • Polyethelyne (PE)
• Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride • Polybutylene (PB)
(CPVC)
• Unplasticised Polyvinyl
Chloride (uPVC)
• Acrylonitrile Butadiene
Styrene (ABS)
• Polypropelene (PP)
TYPES OF PIPES
GI PIPE – GI (Galvanized Iron) is steel,
which has been galvanized by application of
a protective zinc, which reduces rust and
corrosion.

 GI Pipes are preferred due to their

strength and durability

 Life expectancy of about seventy years

TYPES OF PIPES
BITUMINOUS FIBER SEWER PIPE
 Cheapest among sewer pipes
 Recommended for house sewer and for septic tank installation.
 Light weight
 Slightly flexible which could take soil
movement without cracking or pulling
out of its joint
 Excessive hot water or chemical flow
may damage the pipe.
TYPES OF PIPES
BRASS PIPE
 One of the most expensive pipe
 Alloy of Zinc and copper, 15% and 85%
respectively.
 High resistant to acid
 Superior material for waste and water
supply installation.
TYPES OF PIPES
COPPER PIPE
 Durable and extremely
corrosive resistant
material. It is easy to
install compared to
other types of pipe.
TYPES OF PIPES
CI PIPE – Cast Iron pipes are used in
sewage networks for the purpose of
conveying sewage from homes and
offices
 They are the oldest piping
systems present today and
are being largely replaced
by high-density
polyethylene (HDPE) pipes
and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
pipes.
TYPES OF PIPES
ASBESTOS PIPE
 Made of Asbestos and portland cement
 Used as soil pipe, waste ventilation and
downspout
 Resistant to wear and corrosion
 Causes mesothelioma and other asbestos
–related diseases
TYPES OF PIPES
LEAD PIPE

 One of the oldest plumbing

materials. Used by the Egyptians,
Romans and Greeks as soil and
 Light weight
waste pipe.
 Highly resistant to acid

 Poisonous to human
PLUMBING MATERIALS
PLUMBING MATERIALS
 SOLVENT WELD or SOLVENT
welding is a way of joining two
pieces of plastic waste pipes
using a glue which is called
solvent weld cement. The cement
is literally applied to both parts of
the connection and literally welds
the parts together.
PLUMBING MATERIALS
 TEFLON TAPE – is
specifically used for
attachment threaded pipe
fittings
PLUMBING MATERIALS

 ABS CLEANER AND CEMENT -

is an adhesive material used by a
plumbean when working with
ABS PIPE.
 Are any pipe part used to join two sections of pipes.

 Detachable piece of pipe or tubing that either

connects to another piece of pipe or tubing or
connects two such pieces

FITTINGS
TYPES OF FITTINGS
Elbow Pipe Fittings

 Elbows are used to change the direction of flow between two pipes.
Elbows are generally available with an angle of 22.5D. 45D. And
90D. If pipes are of same diameter then the normal elbows are used
otherwise reducer elbows are used

 Also know as
“ELLS”.
TYPES OF FITTINGS
Reducer Pipe Fittings
 Reducer is a pipe fitting component which reduces the flow from
larger to smaller by reducing size of pipe.
Concentric reducer –
 2 Types of Reducer
cone shaped with
gradual decreasing
Eccentric reducer – around the pipe but
one edge parallel to in this case
connecting pipe due accumulation of air
to which air may possible and its
accumulation is not results in cavitation.
possible
REDUCER PIPE
TYPES OF FITTINGS
Tee Type Pipe Fitting
 Tee type fitting is a component of plumbing system which is in T-
shape. It is having one inlet and two outlets. Outlets are arranged at
90 degrees to the main line connection (inlet).
• It can also b used to combine
the flow from one inlets to one
outlet. They are also available
in different materials and
different sizes. If the 3 sides of
T-fitting are similar in size
then it is called as Equal tee
otherwise it is called Unequal
tee.
TYPES OF FITTINGS
Cross Type of Fitting

 Cross type fittings contains 4 opening in 4

directions. These are fittings to generate
more amount of stress on pipe as a
temperature changes points. Cross fittings
are generally used for fire sprinkler system
TYPES OF FITTINGS
COUPLING
 A coupling is used to connect the pipes of the same diameter.
Coupling are also useful if the pipe is broken or leakage occur
 2 TYPES OF COUPLING

COMPRESSION COUPLING is a regular coupling

which is connected between two types and it prevents
leakage by the arrangement of gaskets or rubber
seals on both sides, otherwise glue is provided.
TYPES OF FITTINGS
COUPLING
 A coupling is used to connect the pipes of the same diameter.
Coupling are also useful if the pipe is broken or leakage occur
 2 TYPES OF COUPLING
SLIP COUPLING is easier
to install and it contains
two pipes which are
arranged as one into other,
inner pipe can slide up to
some length. So, we can
fix long length damaged
pipe by slip coupling
TYPES OF FITTINGS
UNIONS

 Union is a type of fitting, which

functions as similar to coupling. But
coupling cannot be removed after
fixing but in this case we can remove
the union whenever we needed.
Unions consists nut, male and
female ended threads,
TYPES OF FITTINGS
ADAPTORS
 If the pipes are having special ends or plain ends then adapters
make them threaded either male or female whichever is needed
 Adaptors are generally used
for copper and PVC pipes.
Male adapters contain male
threads and female adapters
contains female thread. One
end of adapter is plain which
is glued or welded or
soldered to the plain pipe
end
TYPES OF FITTINGS
PLUG

 Plug is a component of
plumbing component which
is generally used to close
piped opening during
inspections and repairs.
Plug are generally contains
male threads.
TYPES OF FITTINGS
CAP

 Cap is a type of fitting which function

as same as plug but the only
difference is plug contain male
threads and cap contain female
threads which is screws on the male
thread pipe. These are available in
different materials like rubber, copper,
steel, plastic, etc.
TYPES OF FITTINGS
NIPPLE

 Consisting of a short piece of pipe,

usually provided with a male pipe
thread a each end, for connecting two
other fittings.
TYPES OF FITTINGS
VALVES

 Valves are used to control the

flow of liquids and gasses
through a system. In addition,
some valves are used to
control temperature
TYPES OF FITTINGS
TYPES OF VALVES

 Valves are used to control the flow

of liquids and gasses through a
system. In addition, some valves
are used to control temperature
TYPES OF FITTINGS
TYPES OF VALVES
 GATE VALVE, PLUG VALVE, AND BALL VALVE
use for isolation only
TYPES OF FITTINGS
TYPES OF VALVES

 GLOBE VALVE – is used for

throttling
TYPES OF FITTINGS
TYPES OF VALVES

 CHECK VALVE – is used for

preventing reverse flow (non-
return)
TYPES OF FITTINGS
TYPES OF VALVES

 BUTTERFLY VALVE – is used

for isolation as well as
throttling
TYPES OF FITTINGS
TYPES OF VALVES

 DIAPHRAGM VALVE – is used

for isolation as well as
throttling
PLUMBING SYMBOLS:
PLUMBING
SYMBOLS:
REFERENCES:
ttps://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+abs+pipes&rlz=1C1EJFA_enPH701PH701&biw=1
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ssDsAhUPx4sBHVKQAIIQ_AUIBCgA

http://www.wermac.org/documents/symbols_iso.html

https://www.slideshare.net/honeygracegonzales94/types-of-fittings-and-materials-in-
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