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Investigating the Relationship Between Spiritual Intelligence and

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 International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECS)
ISSN: 1308-5581 Vol 14, Issue 03 2022

Investigating the Relationship Between Spiritual Intelligence and Organizational Health in the Staff
of Babol University of Medical Sciences and Sports Department

Zaman Abedi Miandeh*1, Seyed Jafar Mousavi2, hamedhosseinzadeh3

1. Department of Sports Management, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr,
Iran.(Corresponding Author)zaman.abedi63@gmail.com
2. Department of Physical Education, Associate Professor, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Qaemshahr, Iran.
3.PhD Student in Library and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,
Kerman, Iran.

Abstract
Background and Aim: Most organizations emphasize the importance of employees as their most important asset.
The development of psychology has played an important role, especially in relation to various indicators of
employees' mental health, such as spirituality at work.In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the
relationship between spiritual intelligence and organizational health of the staff of the University of Medical
Sciences and the Department of Sports and Youth of Babol.
Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all employees of
the University of Medical Sciences and the Department of Sports and Youth of Babol. Simple and stratified random
sampling method was selected using 35 Krejcie and Morgan table.Simple and stratified random sampling method
using Krejcie and Morgan table, 356 people were selected.Data collection tools included two questionnaires of King
(2008) spiritual intelligence and Hui and Fieldman (1996) organizational health questionnaire. The face and content
validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by several professors of sports management and psychology and their
reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha test of 0.84 and 0.90, respectively.In order to test the research
hypotheses, Pearson correlation analysis and independent t-test were used using SPSS 24 software.
Results: The results showed that the employees of both departments had above-average spiritual intelligence and
organizational health. Also, there was a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and organizational
health of employees of Babol University of Medical Sciences and Babol Sports and Youth Administration (r=0.436,
P<0.01) and finally there was no significant difference between organizational health and spiritual intelligence of
employees of these two organizations.
Conclusion: The results showed that considering the role of human resources in achieving the strategic goals of
organizations, the factors affecting the motivational, attitudinal and behavioral variables of employees should be
considered.

Keywords: Spiritual Intelligence, Organizational Health, Human Resource Management, University of Medical
Sciences, Department of Sports and Youth.

1. Introduction
In today's world, organizations are the backbone of today's society. Human resources are the main actors of different
types of organizations that enliven the body of organizations and enable the realization of organizational goals
(Zohori et al., 2008).In human resource management, the issue of organizational health is one of the topics that
management theorists have always paid attention to and the issue of organizational health in theory and practice is
so central that it cannot be ignored and this issue will never be forgotten. Although defining, measuring and
estimating organizational health is not an easy task, it is a concept that justifies the reasons for the viability and
survival of many organizations, so it should be given special attention and importance.If universities want to grow
and develop, managers must carefully examine their own performance and the performance of others, because
byrecognizing the indicators of organizational health and using the power of people's minds and intelligence and
relying on them, managers can try to develop and maintain deep relationships and take steps to improve the
organization as much as possible.In healthy universities, higher education is realistic about the situation in which it
finds itself, is flexible, and is able to use its best resources to deal with any problem.In organizationally healthy
universities, all staff, government, and the public know what the purpose of the university is, and staff in particular
have guiding beliefs in mind and can easily apply them in their daily behavior (Davis., 1995).

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One of the factors affecting mental health is spiritual intelligence. Cindy Wigglesworth believes that spiritual
intelligence is the ability to deal with compassion and wisdom while inwardly and outwardly calm, regardless of
events.People with spiritual intelligence have the ability to act fairly and compassionately when judging. This
intelligence underlies all that we believe in and encompasses the role of beliefs, norms, beliefs, and values in the
activities we undertake.The intelligence by which we ask questions about fundamental and important issues in our
lives and by which we make changes in our lives.In other words, spiritual intelligence is the ability to act
intelligently and wisely. While maintaining external calm regardless of the circumstances. Spiritual intelligence is
the innate intelligence of man, but like any other intelligence it must grow.In other words, according to the skills that
make up spiritual intelligence, we can define and measure it (Moghtadar, 2016).Spiritual intelligence as one of the
new concepts of intelligence, includes a kind of adaptation and problem-solving behavior that includes the highest
level of development in various areas of cognitive, moral, emotional, interpersonal, etc., and helps the person to
harmonize with the surrounding phenomena and achieve internal and external integration.This intelligence gives the
person an overview of life and all experiences and events and enables her to frame and reinterpret her experiences,
to deepen her knowledge and knowledge (GhobaziBonab et al., 2008).The goal of psychologists is to use, strengthen
and cultivate spiritual intelligence in people; Because increasing and strengthening spirituality among employees
increases job satisfaction and mental health [7, 8]. Alexander et al. (2006) in a study entitled The study of the
relationship between spiritual intelligence and mental health and life satisfaction, reported that higher levels of
spirituality and religion are associated with feelings of well-being and mental health [9].In another study, the study
of the relationship between spiritual intelligence, hardiness and mental health among nurses of Bushehr University
of Medical Sciences showed that promoting spiritual intelligence and strengthening the personality traits of
hardiness can help increase nurses' mental health [10].GhasemiPirbalouti et al. (2014) in an article entitled, "Study
of the relationship between spiritual intelligence and job satisfaction with mental health in employees of Shahrekord
University of Medical Sciences", concluded that:Organizational spirituality, in addition to increasing employee
satisfaction, also increases honesty, trust, respect and acceptance of responsibility.SalehiSadeghiani et al. (2012) in
an article entitled, "Spirituality in the workplace and its role in organizational justice", stated; Spirituality can
significantly affect different levels of the organization.
Researchers argue that encouraging spirituality in the workplace can lead to benefits such as increased creativity
(Fershman, 1999), increased honesty and trust (Wangarmash and Conley, 1999), increased sense of personal
development (Borak, 1999), increasing organizational commitment (Delbek, 1999; Milliman et al., 2003),
improving employees' job attitudes such as increasing job satisfaction, job participation, as well as reducing
workplace intentions (Milliman et al., 2003), increasing work ethic and conscience, more motivation (Marquez et
al., 2005).
Spirituality in the Workplace Article
Given the importance of community health and organizations that are pioneers in this field, especially the Sports and
Youth Organization and the Ministry of Health and Medical Sciences and related institutions, recognizing spiritual
intelligence and increasing it with the help of related skills training that follows it enhances the organizational health
of employees, is of increasing importance.On the other hand, due to the novelty of organizational health and
spiritual intelligence variables and mentioning that so far in the country less research has examined the relationship
between these two variables simultaneously, the need for this research is felt. Therefore, the main purpose of this
study is to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and organizational health of the staff of the
University of Medical Sciences and the Department of Sports and Youth of Babol.
2. Method
The present study is a quantitative method and a descriptive-correlational research that aims to investigate the
relationship between the two variables of spiritual intelligence and organizational health.The statistical population of
this study consisted of all official, contract and contract staff of the University of Medical Sciences and the
Department of Sports and Youth of Babol in 2016-2017.According to the information obtained from the Babol,
Bandapi and Amirkola Sports and Youth Offices, the staff of this office was 86 people. Also, the number of staff of
the University of Medical Sciences in 2016-2017 was 867 people.According to the number of staff of the
Department of Sports and Youth, all these people were sampled (86 people) and according to the number of staff of
the University of Medical Sciences, a stratified random method was used. Therefore, according to the statistical
population and the table of Krejcie and Morgan (1970), the minimum number for this study was 270 employees of
Babol University of Medical Sciences. Therefore, the sample size is equal to 356 people.In this study, two
questionnaires of spiritual intelligence and organizational health have been used.

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-King (2008) questionnaire was used to assess spiritual intelligence. In Iran, it has been used by other researchers so
far and includes 24 questions and 4 components (existential critical thinking, production of personal meaning,
awareness and development of consciousness).
- Organizational health questionnaire which includes 44 closed questions based on Hui and Fieldman (1996)
organizational health questionnaire, which has been used after translating the main questionnaire and adapting to the
conditions of the target community. This questionnaire evaluates 7 components of organizational health, resource
support, institutional unity, manager influence, consideration, constructiveness, scientific emphasis and morale.
In this study, in order to determine the validity, because the standard questionnaires that have been used repeatedly
in similar research have been used, so it can be stated that the present questionnaire has good validity.However, in
order to fully ensure the content validity of the questionnaire, the researcher distributed a number of questionnaires
to a number of experts and university professors who were in specialized fields of management order to express a
corrective point of view regarding the completion of each of the relevant statements, to express an expert opinion.To
evaluate the validity of the two questionnaires used in the research, the experimental method was used on a random
sample. In this way, 30 questionnaires were distributed among the sample and then collected. Using Cronbach's
alpha and SPSS 24.0 software, the reliability of the spiritual intelligence questionnaire was 0.841 and organizational
health was 0.896.Since the Cronbach's alpha value for the research variables and their dimensions is greater than
0.7, it can be said that the research tools have acceptable reliability.After completing the questionnaires, the data
were collected and the data were analyzed using Spss24 software and descriptive statistical tests, table and graph
drawing and Pearson correlation tests, analysis of variance and multivariate regression.
3. Findings
According to the findings of the present study, the respondents to the questionnaire were (39.8%) men and (60.2%)
women. Also30.9% of the respondents were 20 to 29 years old, 21.3% were between 30 and 39 years old, 29.6%
were between 40 and 49 years old and 18.2% were over 50 years old. 7.4% had a master's degree, 54.9% a
bachelor's degree, 36.7% a master's degree and 1% a doctorate.In order to evaluate the service experience of the
respondents, the researcher considered 3 categories for them and the results showed that most of the people are in
the category of 21 to 30 years. This is while the class less than 10 years has the lowest percentage (Table 1)
Table 1. Demographic information of participants by organization
Variables University of Medical Sciences Sports Department Total
Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Years of service
Less than 10 years 43 12 14 4 57 16
11 to 20 years 104 29.2 33 3.9 137 38.5
21 to 30 years 123 34.5 39 11 162 45.5

Gender
Man 88 24.7 53 15.1 141 39.8
Female 182 51.2 33 9 141 60.2

Age
20 to 29 years 82 23 28 9.7 110 30.9
30 to 39 years 58 16.3 18 5 76 21.3
40 to 49 years 80 22.6 25 7 105 29.6
More than 50 years 50 14.2 15 4 65 18.2

education
Associate Degree 20 5.7 6 1.7 26 7.4
Bachelor 148 41.5 47 13.4 195 54.9
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MA 99 27.8 32 8.9 131 36.7

Doctorate 3 0.7 1 0.3 4 1

In this study, the data related to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test show that the participants' answers to the two
questionnaires of spiritual intelligence and organizational health have a normal distribution feature, so parametric
tests can be used.
Table 2. Correlation coefficients of spiritual intelligence and organizational health of employees of the Sports
Department and the University of Medical Sciences
Indicators Standard Correlation Coefficients
Average
Variables Deviation 1 2
Spiritual Intelligence 3.9854 0.488 1
Organizational Health 3.9093 0.426 .436* 1
* Significance at the level of 0.01
According to Table 2, the results obtained, the correlation coefficient between spiritual intelligence and
organizational health of the staff of the University of Medical Sciences with the Department of Sports and Youth of
Babol city there is a significant relationship.According to the results of the present study, the organizational health
status among the staff of Babol University of Medical Sciences and Sports Department of Babol was 3.909±.421and
was at a desirable level (P<0.001).The results of t-test with two independent groups showed that the spiritual
intelligence of the staff of the University of Medical Sciences is not different from the staff of the Sports Department
of Babol city (P>0.001).Also, according to the average organizational health scores of the staff of the Sports
Department and the University of Medical Sciences, which are 3.719 and 3.521, respectively, shows that the average
organizational health scores of the staff of the Sports Department is higher than the University of Medical Sciences
(P>0.001).
Table 3. Results of independent t-test of organizational health variable for the staff of the University of Medical
Sciences and the Department of Sports
Loon test T test
95%
Mean standard confidence
F Sig t df Sig
difference error High Low
limit limit
Assumption
- -
of equality 11.349 0.001 2.076 354 0.039 1.017 0.490
0.053 1.1980
Organizational of variance
Health Assumption
-
of variance 2.452 19.2018 0.015 1.017 0.415 -1.834
0.199
inequality

According to Table (3), the results indicate that the organizational health of employees of the Department of Sports
and the University of Medical Sciences are significantly different from each other and the research hypothesis is
confirmed.Also, according to the average organizational health scores of the staff of the Sports Department and the
University of Medical Sciences, which are 3.719 and 3.521, respectively, shows that the average organizational
health scores of the staff of the Sports Department is higher than the University of Medical Sciences.
Table 4. Results of independent t-test of spiritual intelligence variable for the staff of the University of Medical
Sciences and the Department of Sports
Loon test T test
Sig 95% confidence
95% standard
F Sig t df (2- High Low
confidence error
tailed) limit limit
Assumption
- -
Spiritual of equality 13.927 0/000 0.724 354 0.470 -0.6944 0.9596
0.1928 0.5818
Intelligence of variance
Assumption 0.922 238.234 0.357 -0.6944 0.7530 - -

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of variance 0.0890 0.1779

inequality

According to Table (4), the results indicate that the spiritual intelligence of the staff of the Department of Sports and
the University of Medical Sciences is not significantly different from each other and therefore the research
hypothesis has not been confirmed. Also, the average scores of spiritual intelligence of the employees of the Sports
Department and the University of Medical Sciences are 3.965 and 3.931, respectively.

5. Discussion and Conclusion

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and organizational health of
the staff of the University of Medical Sciences and the Department of Sports and Youth of Babol. The results
showed that spiritual intelligence had a significant relationship with the organizational health of the staff of the
University of Medical Sciences and the Department of Sports and Youth and the research hypothesis was
confirmed.These results are consistent with the findings of Garcia (2003), Abolanin (2007) and Pakniat and Javidi
(2016).Spiritual intelligence causes the normal activities of life to be accompanied by the presence of the heart and
an understanding of the value and meaning of life, in which case employees are less concerned with material things
and think that beyond the material world, spirituality can also help them.As a result, they become more tolerant and
work harder. Organizational health has a broad concept that includes effectiveness, efficiency and achieving
organizational goals. Also, the core of all definitions of spiritual intelligence is the focus on problem solving to
adapt and achieve goals, this issue suggests a close relationship between the two variables. Employee job
satisfaction and commitment are prominent indicators of organizational health. Therefore, a healthy organization
should have a lot of focus on its employees and keep them satisfied.One way to serve people is to encourage them to
develop their spirituality as well as to create a context for it by leaders. In fact, the spiritual leader, with his unique
characteristics, creates a vision for the future of the organization and influences the employees in such a way that
they believe in the realization of the vision of the organization; In this way, it increases the internal motivation of
employees to work harder. Such leadership allows employees to understand the true meaning of their job and to care
about their job. Increasing the hope among the staff by strengthening spirituality, trusting in God and financing the
staff seems to help make better decisions and deal more appropriately with the client.
The spiritual intelligence of the staff of the University of Medical Sciences and the Department of Sports and Youth
is at a desirable level and the research hypothesis was confirmed which is consistent with the findings of Mousavi et
al. (2011) and Movahedi et al. (2013). The results also showed that the organizational health of the staff of the
University of Medical Sciences and the Department of Sports and Youth is at a desirable level that the research
hypothesis was confirmed and the results were consistent with Shariatmadari (2009) and Mirkamali and Malekinia
(2008). It has also been observed that the spiritual intelligence and organizational health of sports staff are not
significantly different from the staff of the University of Medical Sciences and therefore the research hypothesis was
not confirmed and was not consistent with the results of Christstone(2008).Spiritual intelligence forces employees to
think about fundamental questions such as life after death, harmony with superior power, and the search for meaning
in life. Thinking about these questions can create a shared perspective among employees, and employees should not
only think about material rewards in the organization, but also be committed and tolerant people. When employees
perceive daily activities with a sense of sanctity, they consider God in their organizational duties and have integrity,
honesty, and a conscience.
People with spiritual intelligence see work as a means of creativity, self-expression, and learning, and consider
money as a secondary reward. Also, these people consider world change to be natural and do not resist
organizational change. These people love to serve others and see the development of their abilities as dependent on
serving others. The mentioned cases can guarantee the effectiveness and survival of the organization and increase
organizational health.The length of the administrative process to obtain a license to distribute the questionnaire, the
lack of cooperation of some staff of the University of Medical Sciences as participants in the research, the sensitivity
of employees to the items of the questionnaire and their cautious cooperation with the researcher. The result of the
long questions of the questionnaires, which caused fatigue and confusion of employees in answering them, the
inability to fully generalize the results and findings of this study to other organizations was one of the limitations of
this study.According to the results of the present study, people who have more spiritual intelligence help others, love
those around them and treat them with kindness. Employees with higher spiritual intelligence seem to help other
colleagues to enjoy their work and behave with kindness and honesty. The characteristic of infinity and holistic
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nature in spiritual intelligence deepens one's perception of oneself and those around oneself, and as a result, doing
work and committing to work becomes richer.Spiritual intelligence increases the sense of responsibility of
employees and makes them committed to their responsibilities. They also see the work environment and the
performance of tasks as an opportunity to grow and develop their personal abilities and values, so their work
commitment is so high that they rarely go to work and are always on time. They go there and play their role even
more than the allotted time on holidays.It is suggested that the officials clearly explain the mission and vision of the
organization to the employees, so that the employees know their duties and responsibilities well and take steps in
this direction. Also, managers should gain the necessary knowledge in the field of recognizing the health of the
organization and do their best to raise the level of organizational health and prevent the cases that cause the
organization to get sick.
Acknowledgments
We thank all the staff of the Department of Sports and Youth and Babol University of Medical Sciences for their
cooperation in carrying out this project.

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