NATIONAL AND OFFICIAL LANGUAGE

A national language is a language (or language variant, i.e. dialect) which has some connectionde facto or de jurewith a people and perhaps by extension the territory they occupy. The term is used variously. A national language may for instance represent the national identity of a nation or country. National language may alternatively be a designation given to one or more languages spoken as first languages in the territory of a country. C.M.B. Brann, with particular reference to Africa, suggests that there are "four quite distinctive meanings" for national language in a polity.

"Territorial language" (chthonolect, sometimes known as chtonolect) of a particular people "Regional language" (choralect) "Language-in-common or community language" (demolect) used throughout a country "Central language" (politolect) used by government and perhaps having a symbolic value.

An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction. Typically a nation's official language will be the one used in that nation's courts, parliament and administration. However, official status can also be used to give a language (often indigenous) a legal status, even if that language is not widely spoken. For example, in New Zealand the Mori language has official status under the Mori Language Act 1987 even though it is spoken by less than five percent of the New Zealand population. Nonnational or supra-national organizations such as the United Nations and the European Union may also have official languages. Official language status is often connected with wider political issues of sovereignty, cultural nationalism, and the rights of indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities, including immigrant communities. For example, the campaign to make English the de jure official language of various states in the United States is often seen as a way of marginalizing non English-speaking minorities, particularly Hispanic and Latino Americans, while others see it as a unifying force among numerous immigrant groups. In the Republic of Ireland the decision to make the Irish language an official language was part of a wider program of cultural revitalization, de-anglicisation and Gaelic nationalism following centuries of English rule in Ireland. Despite its status as an official language, Irish has been reduced to a minority language in Ireland as a result of English rule, as is the case in North and South America where various indigenous languages have been replaced by that of the colonists. Various indigenous rights movements have sought greater recognition of their languages, often through official language status.

National Language Spoken widely Lingua franca -

Official Language Can be spoken widely and not widely Legal status, especially in courts, parliament and administration It should not be taken from the country that has created the language

Language of political, cultural and social unit Use by government in business Symbol of national unity Identify the nation and unite the people of nation It is primarily utilitarian rather than symbolic

Two examples of national language that are not official languages are Cherokee and Navajo. Cherokee ( , Tsalagi Gawonihisdi) is an Iroquoian language spoken by the Cherokee people which uses a unique syllabary writing system. It is the only Southern Iroquoian language that remains spoken.[2] Cherokee is a polysynthetic language. Navajo or Navaho (native name: Din bizaad) is an Athabaskan language (of Na-Den stock) spoken in the southwestern United States. It is geographically and linguistically one of the Southern Athabaskan languages (the majority of Athabaskan languages are spoken in northwest Canada and Alaska). Navajo has more speakers than any other Native American language north of the U.S.-Mexico border, with 170,717 self-reported speakers in 2007, and this number has increased with time. Top Reasons That Made English a Dominant Language 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. English Dominance in the 19th Century The Rise of America as a Global Power English Is the Language of Technology and Science English is the Language of International Organizations Other Uses of English Cause It to Have Global Impact

National and Official Language of Indonesia Indonesia has the same national and official language. Indonesia uses Bahasa Indonesia as national and official language. Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) is the official language of

Indonesia. Indonesian is a normative form of the Riau Islands dialect of Malay, an Austronesian language which has been used as a lingua franca in the Indonesian archipelago for centuries. Most Indonesians, aside from speaking the national language, are often fluent in another regional language (examples include Javanese, Minangkabau and Sundanese) which are commonly used at home and within the local community. Most formal education, as well as nearly all national media and other forms of communication, are conducted in Indonesian. Indonesian is created as national language is started from the Sumpah Pemuda (Youth's Oath) event in 1928. Indonesians combining aspects of their own local languages (e.g., Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, and Chinese dialects) with Indonesian. This results in various 'regional' Indonesian dialects, the very types that a foreigner is most likely to hear upon arriving in any Indonesian city or town. This phenomenon is amplified by the use of Indonesian slang, particularly in the cities. Functions of Indonesian Language as national language are : 1. Symbol of identity 2. Symbol of the notions pride 3. Unifying tool for different ethnic, culture and regional language (Lingua Franca)
4. Means of intercultural and inter-regional liaison

Indonesian language also becomes official language in Indonesia. It has been appointed through Constitution of Republic Indonesia 1945 (UU RI 1945) Chapter XV no 36 UUD 1945. Functions of Official Language as national language are : 1. Countrys official language
2. Official language of instruction in educational institutions 3. The official language in relationship to the interests of national level planning and

development and governance

4. The official language of the culture development and utilization of science and

technology

CONCLUSION A national language is a language (or language variant, i.e. dialect) which has some connectionde facto or de jurewith a people and perhaps by extension the territory they occupy. The term is used variously. A national language may for instance represent the national identity of a nation or country. National language may alternatively be a designation given to one or more languages spoken as first languages in the territory of a country. An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction. Typically a nation's official language will be the one used in that nation's courts, parliament and administration. However, official status can also be used to give a language (often indigenous) a legal status, even if that language is not widely spoken.