Product Specific Quality Certificate Project

On

MILK PRODUCT
Submitted to

Prestige Institute of Management and

Research, Indore
For partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
Degree of Bachelor of Business Administration (Full-Time)

Batch 2020-2023

Guided By: Submitted By:

Mr .Prof ; Dr ARPAN SHRIVASTAV RIYA RATHI

Prestige Institute of Management and Research, Scheme No:74C,

Vijay Nagar Indore 452 010 (M.P) India
PREFACE

CERTIFICATE OF FACULTY GUIDE

STUDENT DECLARATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

TOPIC/RESEARCH PROBLEM

PREFACE
The bookish knowledge of any program, which we get from educational
institutions, is not enough to be used in our day-to-day life. The more
practical knowledge we have, the more beneficial it is for our learning.

To make the students aware of the working of the business world every
student of BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (Foreign
Trade) (4th Sem ) has to undergo a research project.

I strongly believe that the knowledge gained from this experience is more
than the knowledge gained from the theories in the book.

PLACE: INDORE

DATE: 12thMay2022 Student Name:

RIYA RATHI

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that MISS RIYA RATHI Student of
Prestige Institute of Management and Research, Indore of
BBA (Foreign Trade) program has prepared a Research
Project report on topic “MILK PRODUCTS” under my
guidance.

Internal Examiner (Guide) External Examiner

Director
PIMR, (UG Campus)
Indore
 -

STUDENT DECLARATION

I Riya RathiStudent of Prestige Institute of Management

and Research, Indore of BBA (Foreign Trade) program has
prepared a Research Project report on topic “Milk
Products”.

The Research as per my knowledge is original and genuine

and has not been published in any research Journal
previously.

Stude
nt Name & Signature

Riya Rathi

BBA (FT) – IV Sem

2020-2023
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I often wondered why the project reports always began with

acknowledgement. Now, when I have undertaken project myself, did
I realize that project report involves not just the researcher but so
many people that help in making the research possible. Therefore, I
take pleasure in beginning the most beautiful part of the report.

I fall short of words to express my gratitude to my guide Mr .Prof ;

Dr. Arpan shrivastava who despite their busy schedule were able to
find some time to guide me through trouble and solve my problems to
the best of abilities. Without their unfailing guidance, encouragement
and patience this project would not have been possible. It has been a
learning experience under him/her.
I am thankful to my faculty guide Prof. Mr Prof ; Dr. Arpan
shrivastava who gave me detailed instructions during my Project.

Copyright Transfer and authorship

responsibilities
I Riya Rathi Certify that I have participated sufficiently in the
conception and design of this work and the analysis of data (wherever
applicable), as well as the writing of the manuscript and take public
responsibility for it. I believe that the manuscript represents valid
work. I have reviewed the final version of the manuscript and
approved it for publication. Neither this manuscript nor any other
with substantially similar content under my authorship has been
published or is being considered for publication elsewhere, except as
described in the attachment. Furthermore, I attest that I shall produce
the data upon which the manuscript is based for examination by the
editors or their assignees if requested.

Thanking you,

Signature
Name: Riya Rathi
Class and Section: BFT 4TH A
Address: 1, Rajpoot boarding colony , Ratlam
Date: 12TH MAY 2022

INTRODUCTION:-
Milk is a nutrient-rich liquid food produced by the mammary
glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young
mammals (including breastfed human infants) before they are able
to digest solid food. Early-lactation milk, which is called colostrum,
contains antibodies that strengthen the immune system, and thus
reduces the risk of many diseases. Milk contains many other
nutrients, including protein and lactose. The US CDC recommends
that children over the age of 12 months should have two servings of
dairy milk products a day. As an agricultural product, dairy milk
is collected from farm animals. In 2011, dairy farms produced around
1230 million tonnes (800 million short tons) of milk from 260 million
dairy cows. India is the world's largest producer of milk and the
leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, but it exports few other
milk products. Because there is an ever-increasing demand for dairy
products within India, it could eventually become a net importer of
dairy products. New Zealand, Germany and the Netherlands are the
largest exporters of milk products. More than six billion people
worldwide consume milk and milk products, and between 750 and
900 million people live in dairy-farming households.
Milk is essentially an emulsion of fat and protein in water, along with
dissolved sugar (carbohydrate), minerals, and vitamins.
These constituents are present in the milk of all mammals, though
their proportions differ from one species to another and within
species.The milk of each species seems to be a complete food for its
own young for a considerable time after birth. In the stomachs of the
young, milk is converted to a soft curd that encloses globules of fat,
enabling digestion to proceed smoothly without the disturbance often
caused by fatty food. Lactose, or milk sugar, is broken down into
simpler digestible sugars by the enzyme lactase, which is produced in
the intestine of infants. Infants who do not produce lactase
develop lactose intolerance, a condition in which a variety of
gastrointestinal problems arise. Lactose intolerance also commonly
develops after weaning or with advancing age, when many
individuals cease producing lactase.
Almost all the milk now consumed in Western countries is from
the cow, and milk and milk products have become important articles
of commerce. Other important sources of milk are the sheep and goat,
which are especially important in southern Europe and the
Mediterranean area; the water buffalo, which is widely domesticated
in Asia; and the camel, which is important in the Middle
East and North Africa.
Milk protein is of high nutritional value because it contains all the
essential amino acids—i.e., those which infants cannot synthesize in
the necessary quantities. Milk’s mineral content
includes calcium and phosphorus in quantities sufficient for normal
skeletal development, but little iron. Milk contains B vitamins as well
as small amounts of vitamins C and D. Commercial cow’s milk is
commonly enriched with vitamins D and A before sale.
Microorganisms contained in raw (unheated) milk or picked up from
the environment will quickly sour and curdle the milk. Cooling to
slightly above its freezing point keeps milk palatable for a longer
time by reducing the multiplication of spoilage bacteria and the
chemical changes that they induce. Many countries have laws
requiring that milk be pasteurized as a protection against pathogenic
(disease-causing) organisms. Pasteurization is a partial sterilization
accomplished by raising the milk to a temperature high enough to
destroy pathogenic bacteria and a large proportion of those causing
spoilage. Pasteurized milk that is kept refrigerated in closed
containers will remain consumable for approximately 14 days.

INDUSTRY PROFILE:
Dairying is a vital part of the global food system, providing
economic, nutritional and social benefits to a large proportion of the
world’s population. Up to one billion people in the world earn their
livelihood through dairy farming . India is the world’s largest milk
producer and accounts for 17% of the total milk production of the
world. The Indian dairy sector is the largest contributor to the
agriculture Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In terms of output, milk
is now the single largest agricultural commodity in India. Diary
sector contributes 17% of the country’s total expenditure on food.
The milk production is growing at the rate of 7% by volume and 10%
by value annually. Currently, around 46 per cent of the milk is
consumed in the form of liquid milk, 47 per cent of traditional dairy
products and 7per cent as Western dairy products.
The dairy industry in India is currently estimated to be about 130
million tons and is expected to grow at 4-5% per annum. The
projected value of the industry is about Rs 500,000 crore, which
includes Rs 160,000 crore from liquid milk, Rs 45,000 crore from
ghee, Rs 50,000 crore from Khoa / chana / paneer, Rs 10,000 crore
from milk powder, Rs 300 crore from table butter, Rs 8,000 crore
from cheese / edible casein and the balance from other products.
The organized sector process an estimated 30% of the total milk
output in India and within the 30 per cent overall share of organized
dairies, the major 20 per cent is accounted for by the private sector.
The cooperatives and government dairies will handle 10 per cent
which will be lower than that of the organized private sector.

PRODUCT PROFILE:-
India now has indisputably the world's biggest dairy industry—in
terms of milk production; last year India produced close to 146.31
million tonnes of milk, 50% more than the US and three times as
much as the much-heralded new growth champ, China.
Appropriately, India also produces the biggest directory or
encyclopaedia of any world dairy industry. The dairy sector in the
India has shown remarkable development in the past decade and India
has now become one of the largest producers of milk and value-added
milk products in the world.

However, some of the most well-known foods on the dairy

products list include:

 Milk 

 Butter
 Cheese

 Yogurt

 Cream (heavy cream, sour cream, etc)

 Ice cream

 Whey

 Casein

The dairy industry processes raw milk into an array of products

including butter, cheese, cream, yogurt, ghee, condensed milk,
dried milk, ice cream, etc. and produces various by-products
including buttermilk, whey, ghee, and skim milk. These dairy by-
products have high nutritive value and have found applications in
many food industries as well as nonfood applications. Buttermilk
which is a by-product of butter-making is used both in liquid form
(fermented to produce a beverage chaas) and dried to be used as
an ingredient. Whey, a by-product of cheese and paneer
manufacture with high nutritive value, has been utilized in the
preparation of products like sports drinks and beverages. Whey is
also used in the preparation of certain types of cheese like ricotta.
Skim milk which is a by-product of cream manufacture has been
used to produce flavored milks and certain type of cheeses like
cottage and quark cheese. Ghee residue from ghee manufacture
has been used in the preparation of sweets, cookies, and
chocolates. Casein and casein derivates are mainly used in bakery
and confectionary. In addition to these food applications, whey
proteins (WP) and caseins have found applications as packaging
films.
EXPORT PERFORMANCE
Dairy products form one of the fastest growing segments in the
livestock product export. India's Export of Dairy products was
159228.52 MT to the world for the worth of Rs.3318.53 crores
during the year 2013- 14. The major export destinations are
Bangladesh, Egypt, UAE, Algeria, Yemen Republic, Pakistan,
Saudi Arabia and Malaysia. The major products exported were
Butter & other milk fat, cheese, Whole Milk Powder, Skimmed
Milk Powder, fresh cream, ghee, butter milk etc.

Recent study shows that India is the largest producer of milk in

the world which is nearly 10% of the world production. Various
milk-based products which can be manufactured commercially in
a rural industry are Paneer (Cheese), Dahi (Curd), Ghee etc.
These products can be manufactured by low cost traditional
methods and machineries. This kind of industries can be located
in area where abundance quantity of milk is available. The cost of
these products would be considerably low compared to those of
big companies. A good number of employment generations is
possible with low investment.
 MILK PROCUREMENT AND PROCESSING
The organized dairy sector (both cooperatives and private) is
presently handles about 15 per cent of total milk production in
the country. Thus it indicates, there is a wide scope for processing
of milk and manufacture of milk products for domestic consumption
as well as export.

MARKET PROFILE:-

The fresh milk market is aided by the growing milk production

globally. The global output in 2020 stood at over 837 million
tonnes, rising by 2.1% from 2018. Production is expected to grow
further in the forecast period of 2022-2027, to reach approximately
948 million tonnes in 2026.

In the coming decade, the milk production is expected to witness an

average annual increase of 1.8%. Majority of the milk and dairy
products are consumed as fresh dairy products accounting for almost
50% of the total global production.
In the forecast period, Asia will account for 70% of the increase in
the global production due to expanding population and increasing
disposable incomes. Milk production in emerging economies is
expected to rise annually by 3%, with the majority consumed as fresh
and dairy products. Pakistan and India account for most of the
projected increase in the global milk production in the forecast
period. These two countries are expected to contribute more than one-
quarter of the total global production in 2027. Most of the surplus
production in these two countries is expected to be consumed as fresh
milk and dairy products. In India, over 65% of the total production is
consumed as fresh milk.
Europe and North America will be the other major milk producing
regions in the forecast period. The growth in milk production is
expected to be slow in the forecast period at less than 1% annually.
Even though the herd size has been declining, the milk yields have
been growing in these regions. The yield in the European Union is
projected to grow by 1.2% per annum in the next five years. While
the market share of European Union countries in terms of production
is similar to that of India, India is expected to surpass the European
Union in the coming years in terms of its total output.

MAJOR MARKET ANALYSIS:-

The fresh milk market is being driven by the continuous expansion in
the exports of fluid milk, which saw a 4% increase in 2017 after
witnessing a robust growth of 16% in 2016. With rising health
awareness among the consumers globally, its demand has been
witnessing a growth in recent years. Retailers are coming up with
innovative packaging solutions aimed at increasing the shelf life,
which will, in turn, boost the sales in the forecast period. With a
rising number of dairies transitioning into organic milk production,
the fresh milk market is projected to grow further. In the US, organic
milk accounted for 18% of the total sales. Currently, flavoured milk
is the leading segment in the fresh milk market.
The fresh milk market has received impetus for its growth in the
European Union due to the specialisation and restructuring of its
production industry since the scrapping of the milk quotas in 2016. In
the Americas, the rising population and growing milk production are
aiding the growth of the market. Milk production in Latin America
and the Caribbean region is projected to grow by 18% by 2027,
although its market share in the global market is expected to remain
stable. China, a major importer of dairy products, will increase its
domestic production of milk in the coming years by 1.5% per annum.
However, its contribution to the global milk production is expected to
remain the same, as most of its production will be consumed
domestically as fresh milk and dairy products. In developing
countries, where the milk production is expected to grow faster than
in developed countries, 85% of this increased production will be used
in the production of fresh milk and dairy products. Globally, the
consumption of fresh dairy is thus expected to grow faster than
processed dairy products, growing annually by 2.1% in the forecast
period.

MARKET REVIEW:-
The global fresh milk market attained a production volume of 837
million tons in 2020, driven by the growth in consumption. Aided by
the rising production in North America and Europe, the industry is
projected to reach a production volume of 948 million tonnes by
2026.
EMR’s meticulous research methodology delves deep into the
industry, covering the macro and micro aspects of the industry. Based
on types, the market can be segmented into organic whole/full-fat,
reduced-fat (2%), and low-fat (1%), fat-free. On the basis of
application, the market can be divided between household and
commercial. The major regional markets are North America, Europe,
the Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa. The
key players in the above industry include Nestle SA, China Mengniu
Dairy Company Limited, Arla Food Group, Co-operative Central Dos
Produtores Rurais De Minas Gerais Ltda. (Itambe),
Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. (Amul), DMK
Deutsches Milchkontor GmbH, Dairy Farmers of America, Inc.,
Others.
EMR’s research methodology uses a combination of cutting-edge
analytical tools and the expertise of their highly accomplished team,
thus, providing their customers with market insights that are accurate,
actionable, and help them remain ahead of their competition.
 Market Review

MILK PRODUCTION POLICIES:-

 Measures undertaken by Government of India to develop
indigenous breeds in a focused and scientific manner to
enhance production of milk are as under:
o Rashtriya Gokul Mission has been initiated with the
aim of development and conservation of indigenous
bovine breeds thereby enhancing milk production and
productivity through: (i) induction of high genetic
merit bulls for semen production, (ii) field
performance recording, (iii) strengthening of bulls
mother farms, (iv) setting up of Gokul Grams, (v)
generating awareness among farmers for rearing of
indigenous breeds (vi) training of technical & non
technical manpower; (vii) establishment of breeders
societies; (viii) induction of high genetic merit bulls
for natural service etc.
o National Dairy Plan-I has focus on development and
conservation of 6 indigenous breeds of cattle (Gir,
Sahiwal, Rathi, Kankrej, Tharparkar and Hariana) and
6 buffalo breeds ( Murrah, Mehsani, Jaffarabadi, Nili
Ravi, Pandharpuri and Banni) through implementation
of progeny testing and pedigree selection programme.
o Central Cattle Breeding Farms: seven central cattle
breeding farms have been established for production
and supply of high genetic merit bulls of indigenous
breeds (Tharparkar & Red Sindhi cattle breeds and
Murrah and Surti buffalo breeds).
o Central Herd Registration Scheme (CHRS): under the
CHRS four units have been established for
identification and propagation of indigenous bovine
breeds (Gir, Kankrej, Hariana & Ongole cattle breeds
and Murrah, Mehsani, Jaffarabadi and Surti).
o Central Frozen Semen Production and Training
institute is undertaking production and supply of
semen doses of high genetic merit bulls of indigenous
breeds (Red Sindhi, Tharparkar and Murrah buffalo).
 o NDP I is a scientifically planned multi-state initiative
with the following Project Development
Objectives : To help increase productivity of milch
animals and thereby increase milk production to meet
the rapidly growing demand for milk.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE:-
Cow's milk has long been considered a highly nutritious and valuable
human food, and is consumed by millions daily in a variety of
different products. Its nutrient composition makes it an ideal medium
for bacterial growth, and therefore it can be considered one of the
most perishable agricultural products because it can so very easily be
contaminated (Bryan 1983, Bramley & McKinnon 1990, Heeschen
1994). Many contaminating organisms only spoil the product, thereby
reducing its shelf-life. Some, such as lactic acid bacteria, are useful in
milk processing, causing milk to sour naturally. Other bacteria, such
as those listed in Table 1, are pathogenic to man and can transmit
disease if the milk is consumed untreated (Sharp et al. 1985,
Heeschen 1994). Unlike meat and meat products, milk is less likely to
be subjected to any subsequent heating by the consumer before
consumption and contaminated milk is therefore potentially more
dangerous (Steele et al. 1997). The high fat content of milk protects
pathogens against gastric acid, while its fluid nature ensures a fairly
short retention time in the stomach (Potter et al. 1984, Sharp et al.
1985). Raw milk of good hygienic quality is necessary to produce
milk products of good quality and adequate shelf life and to provide a
safe, sound and wholesome food for the consumer. Since milk is a
liquid, it is in contact with some type of equipment or surface from
the time it is removed from the cow until it is consumed. Milk freshly
drawn from a disease-free udder contains small numbers of bacteria
(500 to 1 000 bacteria per MQ) which derive from organisms
colonizing the teat canal (Bramley & McKinnon 1990). Milk quality
starts to deteriorate immediately after milking due to bacteria entering
the milk from a wide variety of sources. These bacteria may originate
from soil, water and faeces that collect on the skin of the cow and
unavoidably end up in the milk. Once micro-organisms get into the
milk they multiply rapidly. The speed at which milk quality declines
depends on the hygiene of the milker, milking equipment and bulk
tank, as well as the temperature and length of time that milk is stored
before sale to the consumer or treatment at a factory (Luck 1986).
Microbial growth can be controlled by cooling the milk, as most
micro-organisms reproduce more slowly in colder environments.
Pathogenic bacteria may also be present in raw milk as a direct
consequence of clinical or subclinical mastitis (Giesecke et al. 1994).
In 1989 Giesecke et al. reported that subclinical mastitis was
prevalent in at least 75.5% of South African dairy herds which were
affected at levels ranging from moderate to very serious. Mastitis
affects a variety of compositional parameters of milk which in tum
may affect the dairy technological usefulness, the nutritional and
hygienic characteristics of milk (Giesecke et ai. 1994). Among the
organisms commonly producing mastitis, Streptococcus agalactiae,
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are
pathogenic for man (Bramley & McKinnon 1990).

OBJECTIVE OF STUDY:-
Objective of this study to research on milk in international market
and to take this business to next level on this commodity and product.
 Understand the market demands, policies, and other
regulatory requirements for further.
 Explore buyer preferences, quality requirements, price trends,
future market demands, and trading mechanisms to reach
more buyer.
 3 Milk consumption (in kg per head) in major EU
and benchmark countries
Development in Milk Consumption in Asia
SWOT ANALYSIS -
Strengths:
• Cow is India’s milking machine, accounting for more than half of
the country’s milk production.

• Dairy farming helps directly in increasing crop production by

making available draught power, manure and cash income on day-
today basis.

• Favorable Government policies for development of livestock sector.

• Availability of livestock.

Opportunities :
• Cost of milk production in India is low.
• Scope exists for higher milk yield through better use of crop
residues and other feeds Upgrading cattle.

• Good scope exists for value-added products like desserts, puddings,

custards, sauces, mousse, stirred yogurt, nectars and sherbets.

• Latest packaging technology can help retain nutritive value of

packaged products and extend their shelf-life.

• Improving availability of animal health care facilities Improving

availability of animal health care facilities.

Weakness :
• Feed availability to cattle throughout the year is not adequate.

• Frequent disease outbreaks.

• Labour shortage and high wage rate in dairy farming.

• Limited investment or delay in the availability of funds in setting up

or expansion of milk procurement.

• Poor infrastructure in many areas for transporting rurally-produced

milk to major processing centers.

Threats:
• Natural calamities like floods, drought, diseases that can affect feed
to cattle/cattle population.

• Seasonal fluctuations in milk production.

• Dwindling fodder resources.

FUTURE SCOPE of Milk Poduct:-
The world's population will reach 10.4 billion in 2067, with 81%
residing in Africa or Asia. Arable land available for food production
will decrease to 0.15 ha per person. Temperature will increase in
tropical and temperate zones, especially in the Northern Hemisphere,
and this will push growing seasons and dairy farming away from arid
areas and into more northern latitudes. Dairy consumption will
increase because it provides essential nutrients more efficiently than
many other agricultural systems. Dairy farming will become
modernized in developing countries and milk production per cow will
increase, doubling in countries with advanced dairying systems.
Profitability of dairy farms will be the key to their sustainability.
Genetic improvements will include emphasis on the coding genome
and associated noncoding epigenome of cattle, and
on microbiomes of dairy cattle and farmsteads. Farm sizes will
increase and there will be greater lateral integration of housing and
management of dairy cattle of different ages and production stages.
Integrated sensors, robotics, and automation will replace much of the
manual labor on farms. Managing the epigenome and microbiome
will become part of routine herd management. Innovations in dairy
facilities will improve the health of cows and permit expression of
natural behaviour. Herds will be viewed as superorganisms, and
studies of herds as observational units will lead to improvements in
productivity, health, and well-being of dairy cattle, and improve
the agroecology and sustainability of dairy farms. Dairy farmers in
2067 will meet the world's needs for essential nutrients by adopting
technologies and practices that provide improved cow health and
longevity, profitable dairy farms, and sustainable agriculture.
 Figure 2

Worldwide, annual consumption of dairy products (fresh milk

equivalent basis) currently averages about 87 kg per person and is
expected to increase to 119 kg per person worldwide by 2067, based
on extrapolations from Alexandratos and Bruinsma (2012). These
estimates do not include butter, which is included as an animal fat in
the food classification system used by the FAO.
Migration from rural to urban areas typically leads to increased
personal income, which leads to increased consumption of dairy
products in developing countries such as India (Bowen et al., 2011);
therefore, a substantial increase in demand for dairy products is
expected in countries of Africa and Asia that are experiencing robust
growth in urban areas. Dairy intakes in developed countries are
around 225 kg/ year per person and do not differ between rural and
urban areas (Davis et al., 2008); therefore, increased urbanization in
these countries will not influence per capita intake.
Increased consumption of dairy products coupled with increased
growth in population translates into a need for approximately 600
billion kilograms more milk in 2067 than is produced today.
According to FAO, dairy cows produce 82.4% of the world's milk,
followed by buffalo (13.6%), goats (2.3%), sheep (1.3%), and camels
(0.4%). In 2014, an estimated 274 million dairy cows dotted the globe
(FAOSTAT, 2017). To produce the estimated 600 billion kilograms
of additional milk needed by 2067, an average dairy cow on the globe
would need to double its annual yield from 2,405 to 4,531 kg. This
seems unlikely to occur because many countries with lowest annual
production per cow have the most cows (Figure 5). Countries that are
modernizing their dairy farming and processing sectors seem
positioned to meet the future demand; however, farms of the future
must be profitable to be sustainable, so this presents challenges to the
industry.

Figure 5
CONCLUSION :-
Milk and its derivatives are proposed as being useful foods
throughout all life periods, in particular during childhood and
adolescence, when their contents of calcium, protein, phosphorus, and
other micronutrients might promote skeletal, muscular, and
neurologic development. However, their relatively high saturated fat
proportion [milk fat contains ~70% SFAs; myristic and palmitic acids
combined account for ~50% ,whereas the remainder are mostly short-
and medium-chain FAs and oleic acid has flagged them as potentially
detrimental food items, especially in terms of cardiovascular health.
The recent literature reviewed in this article helps shed some light on
the role of milk in a balanced diet. The vast majority of
epidemiologic and intervention studies performed during the past few
years suggest that dairy products do not adversely affect surrogate
markers of CVD and cardiovascular prognosis. Indeed, some studies
suggest that SFAs, namely, shorter-chain SFAs, from milk and its
derivatives are benign with regard to inflammation and might actually
be beneficial to some population segments The available evidence
suggests that calcium does not play a major role in coronary
calcification at least from an epidemiologic viewpoint: randomized
clinical trials are inconclusive and its intake is inversely associated
with blood pressure, whereas its potential contribution to prostate
cancer development is still controversial. Therefore, the
hypothesized association between calcium intake and cardiovascular
risk is not currently supported by scientific evidence, and, in fact, the
reverse might be true. In addition, some milk components such
as trans fatty acids which might have different physiologic actions
than the industrial ones butyric acid which might be helpful for the
intestinal mucosa's trophism conjugated linoleic acid even though the
jury is still out as far as its putative health effects are concerned, there
are efforts to increase its concentrations in bovine milk,
phospholipids ,tripeptides, calcium, phosphorus, lactoferrin and
oligosaccharides might exert useful, although as yet unproven,
physiologic actions. Furthermore, milk has been shown to be an
efficient vehicle for lipid-soluble nutrient absorption because milk fat
appears to be highly dispersed in very small micelles.

REFERENCES :-
1. http://www.dairyknowledge.com/
2. http://www.statics.com/
3. http://apeda.gov.in/
4. http://m.economictimes.com/
5. http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/