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MAJOR RESEARCH PROJECT

On

“A STUDY ON PRODUCTION AND EXPORT POTENTIAL OF

SOYABEAN FROM INDIA”

Submitted to

Devi Ahilya University, Indore

For partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Bachelor

of Business Administration (Foreign Trade)

Batch 2019-22

Guided by: Submitted by:

Dr. JAYA JAISINGHANI DEEPALI SAHU

IBMR, IPS ACADEMY BBA (FT) V SEM

IBMR, IPS ACADEMY

Rajendra Nagar, A.B. Road, Indore – 452012(M.P.)
1
 PREFACE

The bookish knowledge of any program, which we get from educational institution, is not
enough for use of working of day-to-day life. The more you have the practical knowledge
that is more beneficial for your learning.

To make aware of real life of business every BACHELOR OF BUSINESS

ADMINISTRATION (5thSEM) student has to undergo major research project where he

experiences many aspects of business under supervision of Professional Managers.

I strongly believe that the knowledge gained from the experience is more than the
knowledge gained from the theories in the book.

PLACE: INDORE
DEEPALI SAHU
DATE:

2
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that MS. DEEPALI SAHU Student of Institute of Business Management
and Research, IPS Academy, Indore of BBA “FOREIGN TRADE” (Full time) program has
prepared Major research Project report on topic “A Study On Production And Export
Potential Of Soyabean from India” under my guidance.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Dr. JAYA JAISINGHANI

Director
IBMR, IPS Academy

3
 STUDENT DECLARATION

I DEEPALI SAHU Student of Institute of Business Management and Research, IPS

Academy, Indore of BBA FOREIGN TRADE (Full time) program has prepared
Major Research Project report on topic “A Study On Production And Export
Potential Of Soyabean from India”

DEEPALI SAHU
BFT 5TH SEM
2019-2022

4
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have often wondered why project always began with acknowledgement but not until I
have undertaken project myself, did I realize that project report involve not just the
researcher but so many people that helped making their searches a possibility. Hence I
stake pleasure of beginning most beautiful part of the report.

I fall short of words to express my gratitude to my guide DR. Jaya jaisinghani who despite
her busy schedule able to find some time to guide me through trouble and solve my
problems to the best of abilities. Without her unfailing guidance, encouragement and
patience this project would not have been possible. It has been a learning experience under
her.

I am thankful to my faculty guide Dr. Jaya jaisinghani who gives me detailed instruction
MRP.

5
 INDEX

S.NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO.

1. INTRODUCTION 07-23

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 24-29

3. RATIONALE OF STUDY 30-32

4. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY 33-34

5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 35-36

DATA ANALYSIS AND

6. 37-39
INTERPRETATION

7. FINDING 40-41

8. SUGGESTION 42-43

9. CONCLUSION 44-45

10. REFERENCES 46-48

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 INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION :
Agriculture, for decades, had been associated with the production of basic food crops.
Agriculture and farming were synonymous so long as farming was not commercialized. But as
the process of economic development accelerated, many more other occupations allied to
farming came to be recognized as a part of agriculture.
At present, agriculture besides farming includes forestry, fruit cultivation, dairy, poultry,
mushroom, bee keeping, arbitrary, etc.

Agriculture may be defined as an integrated system of techniques to control the growth and
harvesting of animal and vegetables.
It is an uncomplicated endeavor comprising of technical and practical processes that helps in the
maintenance of the ecological balance and protects human resources;
and most importantly it is a viable food production system.
Soybean belongs to the legume family of East Asia and is related to peas and clove.
It is an oilseed bean, oval in shape, which is produced on a bush-like, green soybean plant.
Size of soybean is like the size of a common pea.
The binomial name of soyabean is Glycine Max.As,
it provides oil and protein in bulk; soybean
is alsocalled a miracle crop It comprises around 45% proteins and 18% oil.
This, 5000 years old, cropis very nutritive in nature and a wide variety of climates and soil
support this crop.
It also contains unsaturated fatty acids in high proportion. The most popular and the largest
produced oilseed in the world is soybean.
It has got the support of wide variety of climates and soils and that is why it is considered to be
the most economical crop and has a good worth.
Before second world war, soybean was not considered an important crop and thus was not used
on a large scale.
But after the war, it rose up as one of the most important crop of the world Soybean production
constitutes around 55% of the total world production of oilseeds and figures around 170-185
million tons. The production of soybean has showed an increase of 5.35% during the last 10
years. Traditional unfermented food uses of soybeans include soy milk, from
which tofu and tofu skin are made.
Fermented soy foods include soy sauce, fermented bean paste, nattō, and tempeh. Fat-free
(defatted) soybean meal is a significant and cheap source of protein for animal feeds and
many packaged meals. For example, soybean products, such as textured vegetable
protein (TVP), are ingredients in many meat and dairy substitutes. Soybean contain significant
amounts of phytic acid, dietary minerals and B vitamins. Soya vegetable oil, used in food and
industrial applications, is another product of processing the soybean crop. Soybean is the
most important protein source for feed farm animals (that in turn yields animal protein for
human consumption).

The word "soy" originated as a corruption of the Chinese or Japanese names for soy sauce. The
etymology of the genus, Glycinecomes from Linnaeus. When naming the genus, Linnaeus
observed that one of the species within the genus had a sweet root. Based on the sweetness, the
Greek word for sweet, glykós was Latinized. The genus name is not related to the amino acid
glycine.
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Like most plants, soybeans grow in distinct morphological stages as they develop from seeds into
fully mature plant.Following are the morphological stages in which soyabeangrows :-

Germination

The first stage of growth is germination, a method which first becomes apparent as a
seed's radicle emerges.This is the first stage of root growth and occurs within the first 48 hours under
ideal growing conditions. The first photosynthetic structures, the cotyledons, develop from
the hypocotyl, the first plant structure to emerge from the soil. These cotyledons both act as leaves
and as a source of nutrients for the immature plant, providing the seedling nutrition for its first 7 to
10 days.

Soya bean fruit

Maturation
The first true leaves develop as a pair of single blades. Subsequent to this first pair, mature nodes form
compound leaves with three blades. Mature trifoliolate leaves, having three to four leaflets per leaf,
are often between 6–15 cm (2.4–5.9 in) long and 2–7 cm (0.79–2.76 in) broad. Under ideal conditions,
stem growth continues, producing new nodes every four days. Before flowering, roots can grow
1.9 cm (0.75 in) per day. If rhizobia are present, root nodulation begins by the time the third node
appears. Nodulation typically continues for 8 weeks before the symbiotic infection process
stabilizes. The final characteristics of a soybean plant are variable, with factors such as genetics, soil
quality, and climate affecting its form; however, fully mature soybean plants are generally between
51–127 cm (20–50 in) in height and have rooting depths between 76–152 cm (30–60 in).

Flowering

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Flowering is triggered by day length,often beginning once days become shorter than 12.8 hours.This
trait is highly variable however, with different varieties reacting differently to changing day length.
Soybeans form inconspicuous, self-fertile flowers which are borne in the axil of the leaf and are
white, pink or purple. Depending of the soybean variety, node growth may cease once flowering
begins. Strains that continue nodal development after flowering are termed "indeterminates" and are
best suited to climates with longer growing seasons. Often soybeans drop their leaves before the seeds
are fully mature.

Small, purple soybean flowers

The fruit is a hairy pod that grows in clusters of three to five, each pod is 3–8 cm (1.2–3.1 in) long
and usually contains two to four (rarely more) seeds 5–11 mm in diameter. Soybean seeds come in a
wide variety of sizes and hull colors such as black, brown, yellow, and green.Variegated and bicolored
seed coats are also common.

Seed Resilience

The hull of the mature bean is hard, water-resistant, and protects the cotyledon and hypocotyl (or
"germ") from damage. If the seed coat is cracked, the seed will not germinate. The scar, visible on the
seed coat, is called the hilum (colors include black, brown, buff, gray and yellow) and at one end of
the hilum is the micropyle, or small opening in the seed coat which can allow the absorption of water
for sprouting.
Some seeds such as soybeans containing very high levels of protein can undergo desiccation, yet
survive and revive after water absorption. A. Carl Leopold began studying this capability at the Boyce
Thompson Institute for Plant Research at Cornell University in the mid-1980s. He found soybeans
and corn to have a range of soluble carbohydrates protecting the seed's cell viability. Patents were
awarded to him in the early 1990s on techniques for protecting biological membranes and proteins in
the dry state

Genetic Modification Of Soyabean :-

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A genetically modified soybean is a soybean (Glycine max) that has had DNA introduced into it
usinggenetic engineering techniques. In 1996 the first genetically modified soybean was introduced
to the U.S. market, by Monsanto. In 2014, 90.7 million hectares of GM soy were planted worldwide,
82% of the total soy cultivation area.

Chemical composition:-
Together, protein and soybean oil content account for 56% of dry soybeans by weight (36% protein
and 20% fat).The remainder consists of 30% carbohydrates, 9% water and 5% ash.Soybeans comprise
approximately 8% seed coat or hull, 90% cotyledons and 2% hypocotyl axis or germ.100 grams of
raw soyabeans supply 446 calories and are 9% water,30% carbohydrates,20% total fat and 36%
protein.

USES:-

Soybeans are a globally important crop, providing oil and protein. In the United States, the bulk of
the harvest is solvent-extracted with hexane, and the "toasted" defatted soymeal (50% protein) then
makes possible the raising of farm animals (e.g. chicken, hog, turkey) on a large industrial scale.
Soybean products are used in a large variety of processed foods.
During World War II, soybeans became important in both North America and Europe chiefly as
substitutes for other protein foods and as a source of edible oil. During the war, the soybean was
discovered as fertilizer by the United States Department of Agriculture.

Health Benefits From Soyabean:-

Soybeans offer a wealth of benefits, including their ability to improve metabolism, help in healthy
weight gain, protect heart health, and reduce the effects of menopause. They improve digestion,
promote bone health, protect against birth defects, increase circulation, decrease the risk of diabetes,
and generally tone up the body.

Nutrition Facts of Soybeans:-

The health benefits of soybeans come from the nutrients, vitamins, and organic compounds including
a significant amount of dietary fiber and a very large amount of protein. According to
the USDA FoodData Central, soybeans contain vitamin K, riboflavin, folate, vitamin B6, thiamin,
and vitamin C.As for minerals, soybeans contain significant amounts
of iron, manganese, phosphorus, copper, potassium, magnesium, zinc, selenium, and calcium. They
are also a good source of organic compounds and antioxidants like isoflavones, which further help in
boosting your health.

The Health Benefits of Soybeans include the following:

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1.Improve Metabolic Activity
Soybeans are an extremely important source of protein. When you have enough proteins in your body,
your metabolic functioning and the overall system will get a major boost, thus helping maintain your
health better. Approximately 20 percent of the protein present in soybeans is β-
conglycinin. Research has found that a single meal of β-conglycinin per day could increase specific
protein levels in the blood, which in turn could result in improved metabolism. This makes it an
especially good source of protein for anyone following a vegetarian or vegan diet.

2.Healthy Weight Management

In many ways, soybeans are one of the most nutritious additions to your diet. It is also versatile in the
way that it can help your weight loss as well as weight gain efforts. Soy protein helps you stay
fuller also regulates insulin, thus curbing your obesity in a healthy manner. These effects were also
shown by black soybeans. A study publishedin the Journal of Medicinal Food reveals that black
soybean seed coats have an anti-obesity effect, owing to the presence of anthocyanins.

3.Anticancer Potential
Soybeans have high levels of antioxidants present in them, says a study by researchers at Purdue
University. Antioxidants could help delay the onset of various cancers. They seek out and neutralize
free radicals, which are the dangerous byproducts of cellular metabolism. These free radicals can
cause healthy cells to mutate into deadly cancerous cells.
Apart from this, soybeans and soyfoods could also reduce the side effects of cancer treatment.
According to the American Institute of Cancer Research, a 2018 study found that edamame and soy
derivatives consumption resulted in fewer menopausal symptoms and reduced fatigue amongst
women with breast cancer who were receiving treatment.

4.Boost Heart Health

Soybeans are a source of healthy, unsaturated fat, which helps you lower your total cholesterol,
specifically LDL cholesterol levels. This allows you to prevent conditions like atherosclerosisand
coronary heart disease, which can easily lead to heart attack and stroke. This is confirmed by
a study conducted by Dr. James Anderson, et al., University of Kentucky. Furthermore, there are some
specific fatty acids that are necessary for a healthy system. Two of those fatty acids are linoleic acid
and linolenic acid. Two of those fatty acids are linolenic acid, known as omega 6 and alpha-linolenic
acid, known as omega 3. Omega 3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory effects and have a very
important role in vision and brain health. Omega 6 fatty acids are also known to provide energy for
the body. Finally, the fiber in soybeans has actually been shown to reduce cholesterol levels in the
body by scraping excess cholesterol off the walls of blood vessels and arteries.

5.Relieve Menopausal Symptoms

Soybeans are a very good source of isoflavones, which are essential components of the female
reproductive system. During menopause, estrogen levels drop significantly. Isoflavones are able to
bind to estrogen receptor cells, so the body doesn’t feel as though it is going through such a dramatic
change. This can ease many of the symptoms of menopause such as mood swings, hot flashes, and
hunger pains. Menopause can be a traumatic time of life for many women and soybeans are a great
way to ease that major life transition.

6.Boost Digestion
One of the most common elements lacking in many people’s diets is dietary fiber, which is present in
high quantities in soybeans. Fiber is an essential part of a healthy body, particularly in terms of the
digestive system. Fiber bulks up your stool, making it move through your digestive system smoothly.
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Furthermore, it stimulates peristalticmotion, which is the contraction of the smooth muscles that push
food through your system. It is vital also because constipation can be a very serious condition that can
lead to serious conditions, including colorectal cancer. Soybeans also contain
the carbohydrate known as oligosaccharides known to stimulate the production of healthy bacteria in
the intestines, thus serving as a great source of prebiotics.

7.Improve Bone Health

Soybeans have a high vitamin and mineral content and the impressive levels of calcium, magnesium,
copper, selenium, and zinc in them are also very important for healthy bones. All of these elements
are essential for promoting osteotropic activity, which allows for new bones to grow and also speeds
up the bone healing process. Eating soybeans can be a long-term solution for problems
like osteoporosis, which commonly occurs as we age.

8.Prevent Birth Defects

The high levels of vitamin B complex and folic acid in soybeans are very important for pregnant
women. Folic acid ensures the prevention of neural tube defects in infants, which ensures a happy and
healthy baby.

9.Improve Circulation
Soybeans are rich and highly nutritious legumes, as per the Journal of the American Dietetic
Association. Copper and iron are two minerals found in abundance in soybeans and both of these are
essential for the formation of red blood cells. With an appropriate amount of red blood cells in the
body, extremities of the body and essential organ systems can get the blood flow and oxygen they
need to function efficiently. This maximizes metabolic activity and increases energy levels, while also
avoiding dangerous conditions like anemia. The isoflavones in soybeans help to improve blood flow
by reducing plaque formation in the walls of the artery.

10.Manages Diabetes
Soybeans are an effective method of prevention and management of diabetes, primarily because they
have shown an ability to increase insulin receptors in the body, thereby helping manage the
disease effectively or prevent it from occurring in the first place. Additionally, soybeans have a lower
carbohydrate content which makes it a great addition to anti-diabetes meals.

11.Relieve Sleep Disorders

Soybeans help in reducing sleep disorders and the occurrence of insomnia. They also have a high
content of magnesium, as highlighted by researchers from the University of Kentucky in their study
published in the journal Plant Physiology. Magnesium is directly linked to increasing the quality,
duration, and restfulness of your sleep.

Conditions:
Cultivation is successful in climates with hot summers, with optimum growing conditions in mean
temperatures of 20 to 30 °C (68 to 86 °F); temperatures of below 20 °C and over 40 °C (68 °F, 104 °F)
stunt growth significantly. They can grow in a wide range of soils, with optimum growth in moist
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alluvial soils with a good organic content. Soybeans, like most legumes, perform nitrogen fixation by
establishing a symbiotic relationship with the bacterium Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum (syn. Rhizobium
japonicum; Jordan 1982). For best results, though, an inoculum of the correct strain of bacteria should
be mixed with the soybean (or any legume) seed before planting. Modern crop cultivars generally
reach a height of around 1 m (3.3 ft), and take 80–120 days from sowing to harvesting.

Contamination concerns:

Human sewage sludge can be used as fertilizer to grow soybeans. Soybeans grown in sewage sludge
likely contain elevated concentrations of metals.

Pests:

Soybean plants are vulnerable to a wide range of bacterial diseases, fungal diseases, viral diseases and
parasites. The corn earworm moth and bollworm is a common and destructive pest of soybean growth
in Virginia.Soybeans are consumed by whitetail deer which may damage soybean plants through
feeding, trampling and bedding, reducing crop yields by as much as 15%.Groundhogs are also a
common pest in soybean fields, living in burrows underground and feeding nearby. One den of
groundhogs can consume a tenth to a quarter of an acre of soybeans.Chemical
repellents or firearms are effective for controlling pests in soybean fields.

History Of Soyabean

Soybean is a native of China. The cultivated soybean (Glycine max) originated from its wild ancestor
Glycine ussuriensis, which is presently known as Glycine soja. The crop is known for its high food
value from centuries and it was used for food purposes (milk, douchi, hamanatto, miso, shoyu, doufu,
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natto, tempeh, soya flour, green beans, roasted soy nuts, and soybean sprouts) with the dawn of
civilization. Soybean was migrated from China to neighboring countries with the development of sea
and land trades during 7th century.

Introduction of soybean to Indian subcontinent dates back to 1000 AD through silk route from
northeastern India and Himalayan mountains. The black-seeded soybean has been traditionally grown
in North and northeastern regions of India and further spread to different parts of the country. This
black-seeded soybean, Kalitur, was the vehicle for soybean revolution in India. The major initiative
on soybean cultivation was undertaken during 1963-64 by GovindBallabh Pant University of
Agriculture and Technology (GBPUAT), Pantnagar and Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya
(JNKVV), Jabalpur in collaboration with University of Illinois, USA. The cultivation was further
picked up after the researchers took advantage of yellow-seeded material to develop high-yielding
varieties that suited Indian conditions. Soybean cultivation got momentum during the 1970s as the
vast monsoon fallow lands of Madhya Pradesh provided appropriate niche for its cultivation.
Presently it is cultivated on nearly 8.7 million ha land with likely production of above 9 million t. The
crop now occupies 5th position in the world and has acquired premier position in oilseed production
in the country. It plays a significant role in national economy by amending 20% of the edible oil
produced in the country and fetches around Rs 40,000 million by way of export of soya-meal. This
striking growth rate is yet to be experienced in India for any other crop. On account of its resilience
to withstand aberrant climatic conditions and the amount of good done to transform socioeconomic
conditions of Indian farmers, it appears that the crop has come to stay in India. Based on the analysis
of continued unabated growth, it is projected that the area under the crop will stabilize around 12 to
13 million ha in near future.

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 Production of Soyabean in India
India ranks 4th in the production of Soyabean followed by USA, Brazil and Argentina with overall
production of 14,008,000 tonnes. India’s soyabean output is likely to rise up by a staggering 38% this
year on a sharp increase in average yield across the country , following favourable climatic condition
in major cultivating states including Madhya Pardesh, Maharshtra and Rajasthan.

Data captured through the latest assessment of farmers, traders and other stakeholders by the apex
industry body the Soyabean Processors’ Association (SOPA) showed India’s total soyabean output
standing at 11.48 milliontones during the on going harvesting season as compared in the previous
season.

During the current season, soybean acreage was up 6.7 percent to 10.84 million hectare (ha) from
10.16 million hectare in the previous season. Average yield rose 29 per cent to 1,059 kg per hectare
for the current harvesting season from 823 kg in the previous season.

The survey finds a staggering 41 percent increase in soyabean output in Madhya Pradesh to 5.92
million tonnes last year. Total yield in the state is estimated to rise by 30.5 % to 1094 kg per ha for
the current season from 838 kg from the previous season total acreage under soyabean jumped by 8%
in Madhya Pradesh to 5.41 million ha this year from 5 million ha last year.

The survey presented a surprising picture in Maharashtra despite droughts in many agricultural
packets in the state. Soyabean output in Maharashtra is estimated to rise by 32 % to 3.84 million tones
for this year from 2.91 million ha last year. Known for its drought resistant nature, the crop’s wield
in the state jumped by 25 %.

S.NO STATES KHARIF 2019

SHOWING EXPECTED PRODUCTION
AREA YIELD (Million Tonnes )
1. Rajasthan 9.627 681 6.560
2. Madhya Pradesh 51.952 772 40.107
3. Maharashtra 37.365 1055 39.415
4. Andhra Pradesh 1.783 846 1.508
5. Chhattisgarh 0.742 726 0.539
6. Gujarat 1.003 858 0.861
7. Karnataka 3.302 816 2.694
8. Others 1.841 748 1.377
GRAND TOTAL 107.615 865 93.061

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 Production Of Soyabean In World In 2019-21

The world is projected to produce 338.1 million metric tons of soyabean, down 3.7 million metric
tones from last month.

Global soyabean production is reduced 3.7 million tones in to 338.1 million on lower production for
Argentina and Brazil. Argentina’s production is lowered 2 million tones to 52 million, reflecting dry
conditions in the main growing regions during the later part of February into early march. Soyabean
production for Brazil is lowered 1.5 million tones to 124.5 million due to dry conditions in Rio Grande
do sul while the crop was in pod-filling and maturation stages.

Brazil is projected to be the largest producer of soyabean in the world followed by the United States
and Argentina.

The contribution of India in the world soyabean area is 10%, but the contribution to total world
soyabean grain is only 4% indicating the poor levels of productivity of the crop in India(1.1 t/ha) as
compared to other countries(world average 2.2 t/ha).

S.no Name of Country Production (Lakh Tonnes)

1. US 96.615
2. Brazil 123.000
3. Argentina 53.000
4. China 17.100
5. India 9.000
6. Paraguay 10.200
7. Canada 6.000
8. Mexico 0.220
9. European Union 2.600
10. Other 18.828
Total 336.563
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 Indian Scenario
 India’s annual production of soybean has been around 8.5-10 million tonnes in the recent
years with India’s production in 2009-10 estimated to be around 8.9 million tonnes by the
Government of India.

 Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh are the major cultivators
of this important oilseed, with their respective contributions usually around 60 percent,
25 percent, 6-7 percent and 1-2 percent.

 Soybean is exclusively grown in the kharifseason in India, with sowing taking place
after the first monsoon showers in late June or early July. Sowing can extend upto end of
July in different parts of the country.

 The harvesting commences from September, with Maharashtra reporting the earliest
arrivals. October and November are the peak arrival months, with all- India arrivals
crossing 10 lakh bags of approximately 90 kg on the peak arrival days.

 The production is dependent on the monsoon and fluctuates between years.

 India is highly dependent on imports to meet domestic edible oil requirement.

Government policies are in favour of developing the domestic crushing industry and
supporting Indian farmers and do not promote import or export of soybean. Thus, there is
virtually no import or export of soybeans.

 However, India out of its total soya meal production of around 6.5-7 million tonnes,
exports around 3.5 million tonnes with Vietnam, Japan, Thailand, Indonesia, UAE,
Greece being the major importers.

1. Soybean harvest seen falling 17% to 10.8 million mt

2. -Output seen declining on erratic showers, likely poor yields
3. Soybean oil imports seen rising

India's soybean production may decline sharply in the marketing year 2021-22 (October-September)
as erratic rainfall during the sowing season affected yields, according to a survey by S&P Global
Platts. A poor soybean crop could increase India's reliance on edible oil imports and endanger its
exports of soybean meal in the coming mIndia's soybean production in MY 2021-22 is expected to
be around 10.8 million mt, nearly 16.6% lower on the year, an average estimate of 13 analysts and
traders showed. India harvested 12.9 million mt of soybean in MY 2020-21, according to ministr of
agriculture.

Soybean, the largest-grown oilseed in India, is sown in June-July and harvested in September-
October. India's agriculture ministry is expected to release its production estimates later this month.
18
The likely decline in the output is primarily due to an expected fall in yields due to erratic showers,
analysts said.

According to India's ministry of agriculture, planted area under soybean was at 12.2 million hectares
in 2021-22, slightly higher than 12.1 million hectares in 2020-21.

However, the area in Madhya Pradesh, India's primary soybean growing state, was nearly 5% lower
on the year at 5.6 million hectares, according to the ministry data. Madhya Pradesh usually produces
6.5 million mt of soybeans in a year.

"Market participants see the planted area to be lower than the government's estimates due to a lack
of rainfall during the crucial sowing season," said an official with an edible oil trading firm.

Meanwhile, the Soybean Processors Association of India pegged the total planted area under
soybean at 11.6 million hectares.

According to the association, over 41% of soybean crop planted remains in good-to-excellent
conditions. It has also projected that crop over 13.8% of the planted area is in poor condition, with
Madhya Pradesh accounting for 55% of it.

"The poor condition of the crop is primarily due to poor rainfall across key producing regions," an
official with a multinational trading firm said.

According to the India Meteorological Department, monsoon rains in India during June 1 to Sept.
15 were 4% lower from the average. In Madhya Pradesh, rainfall was 5% lower from the average

19
during the same period. analysts said.

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 Trade outlook cloudy

India's soybean oil imports may climb in the coming months due to the likely fall in
production. India is the largest importer of soybean oil in the world. An expected
tighter supply has also forced India, that usually exports soymeal, to import.

For MY 2021-22, India's soybean oil imports are projected at 3.3 million mt, said B V
Mehta, executive director of Solvent Extractors' Association of India, a pan-India
vegetable oils trade body. Between November-August, India imported 2.4 million mt
of soybean oil.

India's marketing year for edible oil trade runs from November through October.

Over the past few years, India's soybean oil imports have seen a gradual decline on
account of rising domestic soybean production.

However, imports may see a sharp jump in the next marketing year starting in
November as the national edible consumption is projected to increase 1 million mt to
22 million mt, Mehta said at the World Palm Virtual Expo and Conference 2021 on
Sept. 8.

According to the US Department of Agriculture, India's soybean oil imports are seen
at 3.7 million mt for MY 2021-22, up from 3.6 million mt projected for MY 2020-21.

"If the [soybean] output declines sharply, it may lead to a jump in soybean oil imports
in the next season," said a Mumbai-based edible oil importer.

However, some in the trade circles are also of the view that importers may choose to
buy palm oil or other cheaper edible oils to compensate the likely fall in supply of
soybean oil.

"A fall in soybean production is not very likely to increase soybean oil imports next
year because India prefers buying cheaper varieties like palm oil and also has a
preference for blended oils," said Gaurav Jain, founder of Ag Pulse Analytica.
Apart from the likely increase in soybean oil imports, India's soymeal sector can also
face trade challenges.

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 Export Potential of Soyabean From India: A Trend Analysis
Agriculture plays a crucial role in the life of an economy. It is the backbone of our economic
system. Agriculture not only provides food and raw material but also employment
opportunities to a very large proportion of population.. In India the main occupation of
working population is agriculture. About 70 per cent of our population is directly
engaged in agriculture. In advanced countries, this ratio is very small being 5 per cent in U.K.,
4 per cent in USA.,16 per cent in Australia, 14 per cent in France, 21 per cent in Japan and 32
per cent in USSR. The most popular and the largest produced oilseed in the world is soybean.
It has got the support of wide variety of climates and soils andthat is why it is considered to be
the most economical crop.

Keywords: Agriculture, Economy, Backbone, Employment, Occupation, Soybean

Indian Soybean Market

Soybean holds a very important position in the Indian agriculture and economy and it has a
worth of over Rs 5000 crores as mentioned above, it stands at the 5th position in the list of the
leading soybean producing countries with a production figure of around 7 million tons.
Madhya Pradesh has the lead among the soybean producing states in India.
Regarding consumption of soybean in India, it holds the 6th position in the leading consuming
countries. Of the total production of soybean in India, 10-12% of it is directly consumed and
the rest is crushed to derive soy meal and soy oil.
Indian soymeal is considered to be one of the premium soy meals and European and Asian
countries prefer to use it other than any soy meal. India export approximately 65% of the total
soy meal produced and has turned out to be one of the largest exporters of soy meal usually to
the Asian countries. The soy meal is exported to South Korea, Thailand, Philippines and Japan.

Though soy meal is not imported to satisfy the growing domestic demand, but this is not in the
case of soy oil. A large share of soy oil consumed in India is import from Argentina, Brazil
and US. In fact, soy oil is not permitted to export in bulk. About 1.5 million tons of soy oil is
imported which makes the availability of oil in the country at 2.5 million tons. Moreover the
rate of imports is still at a rising level.
The prices of soybean in the Indian market are highly volatile because they depend on the
prices of the international market. As reference markets, the markets at Indore and Mumbai
are looked upon.

Important World Soy Markets

• Chicago Mercantile Exchange, which acquired Chicago Board of Trade – the world's oldest
soy futures market

• Dalian Commodity Exchange - trades the most liquid soybean contracts in the world

• Argentina and Brazil FOB determine the physical prices

22
 India’s Position in World Soy Industry
NAME OF PRODUCTS GLOBAL INDIA % Share

Soybean Production 230 9 4

Soybean Trade 75 0 0

Soybean oil production 35 1.5 4

Soy Oil Imports 9 1 11

Indian Scenario
 India’s annual production of soybean has been around 8.5-10 million tones in the
recent
years with India’s production in 2009-10 estimated to be around 8.9 million tonnes by
the Government of India.
 Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh are the major
cultivators
of this important oilseed, with their respective contributions usually around 60 percent, 25
percent, 6-7 percent and 1-2 percent.

 Soybean is exclusively grown in the khariff season in India, with sowing taking place
after the first monsoon showers in late June or early July. Sowing can extend upto end of
July in different parts of the country.

 The harvesting commences from September, with Maharashtra reporting the earliest
arrivals. October and November are the peak arrival months, with all- India arrivals
crossing 10 lakh bags of approximately 90 kg on the peak arrival days.

 The production is dependent on the monsoon and fluctuates between years.

 India is highly dependent on imports to meet domestic edible oil requirement.

Government policies are in favour of developing the domestic crushing industry and
supporting Indian farmers and do not promote import or export of soybean. Thus, there is
virtually no import or export of soybeans.

 However, India out of its total soymeal production of around 6.5-7 million tonnes,
exports around 3.5 million tonnes with Vietnam, Japan, Thailand, Indonesia, UAE,
Greece being the major importers.

23
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

24
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

 In their study (Ahmed and Rustagi, 2004) stated that liberalization of Indian economy
has
o opened immense opportunities for export of agricultural products. GCC countries are
heavily
o dependent on import of agricultural commodities to fulfill the needs of their rapidly
growing
o population. Due to geographical proximity to GCC countries and natural comparative
advantages to Indian farmers there is a large scope for exports of agricultural
commodities to GCC. They further stated that relative share of India’s agro and food
products to GCC countries has declined during 1991- 2001.

o This share was 30% in 2000-01 in India’s agro export, which constitutes a major part
in India’s agro export indicating the importance of GCC in Indian exports. The
compound growth rate of export of other processed food was the highest as compared
to the export of other commodities to GCC. It can be concluded that Indian farmers are
relatively better
o placed to exploit the emerging opportunities if proper policy support is provided to
them. Thus, there exists plenty of scope for Indian agricultural exports in the new
economic environment.

 Konya et al. (2008) investigated empirically the presence of an equilibrium relationship

between the logarithms of Indian exports and imports between 1949-1950 and 2004-2005,
using the unit root, co integration approach. To ascertain robustness, exports and imports
measured in current prices but in two currencies, Indian rupee and US dollar have been
analyzed. Moreover, since the sample comprises data from both the fixed and freely floating
exchange rate periods, the tests have also been performed allowing for a one-time structural
break in 1992-93. The results indicated no co-integration between exports and imports. The
lack of co-integration means that Indian macroeconomic policies have been ineffective in
bringing exports and imports into long run equilibrium and India is in violation of her
international budget constraint.

 In his study Hans, (2009) attempted to trace the growth and problems of agriculture during the
reforms period and to find ways and means of resolving the present crisis in order to develop
Indian agriculture into a vibrant sector contributing substantially to the growth of New Age
Indian economy and for its sustainable development. Gandhi, (2006) concluded that studies
from India have shown that improvement in market facility increases volume of trade at the
market.

 Hari B. Krishnan (2012) reported that Soybeans soaked in warm water

o naturally releases cancer-fighting substance called Bowman-Birk Protease Inhibitor
o (BBI). This inhibitor manufacturing is very complicated and time-consuming. So
scientist

25
 o (Hari B. Krishnan) developed a new kind of green method which avoids harsh
chemicals
o for manufacturing of Bowman-Birk Protease Inhibitor (BBI).

 The oil which is produced from this vegetable also accounts for maximum
o revenue. It is estimated that soybeans are produced approximately 6 million tons per
o annum. 5 percent of the production is used for making oil and 10 percent is used as food
o and feed. After proper harvesting the oil is extracted from soybeans and is used for
o various purposes. These flaked types of beans are treated with hexane solvent. This is a
o commercial solvent used for extracting oils. The crude oil then undergoes various
o treatments like refining, degumming, deodorizing and bleaching. These remove the
o impurities. This oil is fat free, ketone free and peroxide free oil.

 It observed that in 2009 A Quarter of Factors Affecting Domestic Soybean

o Market - Soybean, Bean Prices - Food Factors affecting the domestic soybean market
(1)
o policy factors Northeast State control policies soybean price support. Since last autumn
o on the market, the Chinese Government to stabilize the grain market prices, to protect
the
o interests of grain growers, soybean producing areas in the northeast of policy acquisition
o start autumn. At the end of two consecutive basic purchasing and storage, the state four
o ministries on January 12 this year.

 It was noted in 2004 that Soybean oil has a relatively high proportion, 710%, of
o oxidation-pronelinolenic acid, which is an undesirable property for continuous service,
o such as in a restaurant. In the early nineties, Iowa State University developed soybean
oil
o with 1% linolenic acid in the oil. Three companies, Monsanto Company,
DuPont/Bunge,
o and Asoyia in 2004 introduced low linolenic, (C18:3; cis-9, cis-12, cis-15
o octadecatrienoic acid) Roundup Ready soybeans. In the past, hydrogenation was used
to
o reduce the unsaturation in linolenic acid, but this produced the unnatural trans-fatty acid
o configuration, whereas in nature the configuration is cis (see trans fat).

 Ritwik Mukherjee (2012) noted that India’s kharif season crop output for
o 2012-13 is expected to witness higher soybean production because of increased acreage
o under cultivation. The area under soybean cultivation in the country has increased from
o 9.33 million hectares in 2011-12 to 10.26 million hectares and the increase acreage has
o mainly seen in Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. According to
o estimates, soybean production may rise by 8-10 per cent in the kharif season. This is
o likely to provide relief to the domestic crushing industry because the mills are on the
o verge of closure due to non-availability of oilseeds for crushing. Last year, soybean
26
 o production was recorded at 10.5 million tonnes.

 Raut V.M., Taware S.P., Halvankar G. B., Varghese P. (2000) observed that
o Analysis of variance indicated the significant differences among the different sowing
o methods for the number of pods per plant and seed yield. The differences for the plant
o height and 100-seed weight were not significant. A significantly higher number of pods
o per plant were recorded from the raised bed sowing with one row. Pod numbers in the
flat
o bed method, raised bed method with 3 and 4 rows, and ridges with 2 rows on both sides
o were at par with each other and were lower than those in other methods. The highest
seed
o yield average (3347 kg/ha) was recorded from the ridges method with 2 rows on both
o sides.

 Asmatoddin M., Satpute T.G., Maske V.S.(2009) reported that Maharashtra

o State occupies a prominent place in the area and production of oilseed crops in India.
The
o area under oilseed crops was 25.59 lakh hectares and the production was 20.99 lakh
o metric tons. The price variation is common in agricultural commodity mainly because
of
o seasonally in production and inters market arrivals. The study of arrivals and prices
o behavior in APMC market Parbhani was carried out during the year 2004-05 to
determine
o price index fluctuations for important oilseed crops. The data on monthly arrivals and
o prices for nine year (1996-97 to 2004-05) from record of APMC, Parbhani. The result
o revealed that in soybean crop at the Parbhani market more than 90% of the total arrivals
o occurred during October and December. The price index was highest in the month of
July(115.46%). Sunflower, the arrival index was the highest in the month of May and
June and the price index for May and June was comparatively higher than other months.

 Gibson and Benson (2005) noted that The United States is the world’s greatest
o producer, producing approximately 32% of the world's soybeans, followed by Brazil
with
o 28%. Soybeans originated in Southeast Asia, with first domestication reported in the
11th
o century BC in China. First planted in the United States in 1765, soybeans spread to the
o Corn Belt by the mid-1800s with major acreage not seen until the 1920s, when it was
o used mainly as a forage crop. Major U.S. expansion as an oilseed crop began in the
1940s
o Soybeans contain approximately 18% to 20% oil compared to other oilseed crops such
as

27
 o canola (40%) and sunflower (43%) National Sunflower Association 2009). At 48
pounds
o per bushel, soybean meal remains a major product from soybeans and is used for animal
o feed and human food.

 Klein and Wilson (2010) observed that production costs will vary depending on
o location, cropping systems, and fluctuation in price of energy. Major expenditures in
o soybean production include planting, harvesting, seed, and pesticides. An example of a
o Nebraska rain-fed budget for no-till soybeans for 2010 lists $115 per acre for field
o operations, materials, and services. When including overhead costs for land, insurance,
o etc., the total is approximately $200 per acre. Total costs for irrigated soybeans are
o around $400 per acre. Price of soybean oil feedstock is one of the driving factors in
o profitability

 Ranade DH &Verma SK in year 2007 conducted a research on Suitability Reclaimed Land for
Soybean Based CroppingSystem Studies brought out that deep tillage plays a vital role in
increasing the productivity of the crops through reduced infestation of weeds and increased
water retention capacity of soil consequent upon improvement in its physical environment as
indicated by lower values in bulk density of soil. This not only led to increasing productivity
of soybean but also made the planting of Rabi crops feasible without pre – sowing irrigation.
The studies further revealed that the waste land reclaimed by spreading excavated soil from
tank can immediately be brought under cultivation for soybean based cropping system.
Successful raising of rained soybean (Kharif) followed by gram (Rabi) has been demonstrated
on such reclaimed Land.

 Saxena in year 2010 researched on Export Potential Of Indian Soya Products to Dubai and
found that around 25% of Islamic population over 15 years eats soy foods due to the bean’s
many beneficial properties. This ultimately widened the potential of Soy Value Added
products in Dubai market. But the main obstacle is the competitiveness of rates in International
market. As of now there is no such incentive for the export of Soy Value Added products from
India which increases the cost in International market relative to China. There is huge potential
of soy value added products in Dubai, but it needs a proper quality, consistency along
withcompetitiveness in rates.

 AnkitJaiswal (Year 2010) researched on Economics Of Production and Value Addition to

Soyabean in Madhya Pradesh observed that Soybean is known as the ‘golden bean’, ‘miracle
crop’ etc., because of its several uses. The present utilization pattern of soybean in India
indicated that 85 per cent used for oil extraction, 10 per cent for seed and only 5 per cent for
food and feed. Therefore, processing is an important function of soybean. In recent years jowar
and maize in rainfed areas have been competing with soybean in Madhya Pradesh. In the
present study effort is made to study profitability of soybean vis-à-vis its competing crops in
addition to value addition. The study indicated that net returns in soybean over jowar
(868.72%) and maize (121.67%) were significantly higher. Similarly, benefit cost ratio over
28
 Cost was higher in case of soybean (1.29) than that of maize (1.16) and jowar (1.05) which
clearly indicated that soybean cultivation was more profitable than any of competing crops.For
every rupee investment in soymilk and tofu processing, Rs. 1.42 was obtained as returns,
indicating its profitability. Benefit cost ratio was more than unity (1.18) showing profitability
of converting soybean into soy flour. In this regard, there is need to understand the profitability
of soybean as whole pulse as well as processed soy products.Therefore, in the present study,
an attempt is made to find out the economics of soybean production and its value addition in
Madhya Pradesh state. An assessment of profitability of processing of soybean into different
value added products clearly indicated that the processing units involved in processing soymilk
and tofu together were more profitable than those involved in processing of soybean into soy
flour only. Since the value addition is profitable over raw soybean, farmers may be motivated
to take up value addition to soybean. Further, small scale entrepreneurs may be encouraged to
establish the above enterprises for widening the soybean industry.

Soy foods are a traditional staple of Asian diets but because of their purported health
benefits they have become popular in recent years among non-Asians, especially
postmenopausal women. There are many bioactive soybean components that may contribute
to the hypothesized health benefits of soy but most attention has focused on the isoflavones,
which have both hormonal and nonhormonal properties. However, despite the possible
benefits concerns have been expressed that soy may be contraindicated for some subsets of
the population. One concern is that soy may adversely affect thyroid function and interfere
with the absorption of synthetic thyroid hormone. Thus, the purpose of this review is to
evaluate the relevant literature and provide the clinician guidance for advising their patients
about the effects of soy on thyroid function. In total, 14 trials (thyroid function was not the
primary health outcome in any trial) were identified in which the effects of soy foods or
isoflavones on at least one measure of thyroid function was assessed in presumably healthy
subjects; eight involved women only, four involved men, and two both men and women. With
only one exception, either no effects or only very modest changes were noted in these trials. Thus,
collectively the findings provide little evidence that in euthyroid, iodine-replete individuals, soy
foods, or isoflavones adversely affect thyroid function. In contrast, some evidence suggests
that soy foods, by inhibiting absorption, may increase the dose of thyroid hormone required by
hypothyroid patients. However, hypothyroid adults need not avoid soy foods. In addition, there
remains a theoretical concern based on in vitro and animal data that in individuals with
compromised thyroid function and/or whose iodine intake is marginal soy foods may increase
risk of developing clinical hypothyroidism. Therefore, it is important for soy food consumers to
make sure their intake of iodine is adequate.

29
 RATIONALE OF STUDY

30
RATIONAL OF THE STUDY:

The study describes the position of soybean in agricultural production and in food consumption at
both the global and developing country level. The importance of soybean in overall agriculture and
trade, its contribution to food supply and related nutritional issues are also discussed. The study also
attempts to identify the key policy and market factors that actually shape the global soybean economy,
leading into a discussion of imputations for food security in developing countries.

Overall, the study confirms the current and likely future importance of soybean in the economy of
the country and for human nutrition at the global level. It also tries determining the crop's contribution
in combating hunger. The statement of the Research Problem: Is it economical to produce and market
soybean and its products in soybean producing regions of Maharashtra? Relevance of soybean
production, consumption and trade at both the global and developing country level, paying attention
to economic and technical aspects as well as issues related to food security are important. Consistent
improvements in average yield levels and reductions in production costs have steadily improved the
competitive position of soybeans among arable crops.

Among oil crops, soybean covers a leading role at the global scale. Farmers need to rotate crops to
break disease and pest cycles and to maintain soil fertility, and at the same time rotation crops need
to be profitable too. There are, in some cases, other options for rotation crops, but soybean can be a
good choice especially when other legumes are subject to heavy insect and disease pressures and
where there is a clear market link from the grower to the industry. Soybean is one of the few choices
where major expansion in production area might be possible because of the crop's demand in the
vegetable oil and feed sub-sectors, while in contrast the market for other legumes with food becomes
rather quickly saturated when the area of cereal crop rotation reaches even 10% of total cereal crop
lands. Thus, soybean can be a valuable alternative crop for many small-marginal producers.
K2
The study describes the position of soybean in agricultural production and in food consumption at
both the global and developing country level. The importance of soybean in overall agriculture and
trade, its contribution to food supply and related nutritional issues are also discussed. The study also
attempts to identify the key policy and market factors that actually shape the global soybean economy,
leading into a discussion of imputations for food security in developing countries. Overall, the study
confirms the current and likely future importance of soybean in the economy of 87 the country and
for human nutrition at the global level. It also tries determining the crop's contribution in combating
hunger.

31
Purpose: To determine if a commonly used soy protein supplement exhibits biological activity in vivo
and in vitro, we evaluated an over-the-counter soy protein powder supplement using blood from
healthy male volunteers and in an estrogen receptor in vitro assay.

Subjects and Methods: We recruited healthy male volunteers 18 years of age or older that were in
good health. Treatment consisted of consuming two scoops (56 g) of pure soy protein powder
(Puritan's Pride, Oakdale, NY) daily for 28 days. Serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH)
levels were collected on days −7, 0, 14, and 28 of therapy, and day 42. A reporter estrogen receptor
(ER) assay was used to determine the effect on ER-β and ER-α in vitro.

Results: Twelve subjects were enrolled with a mean age of 32.25 years (range 25 to 47). Serum
testosterone decreased 19%(±22%) during the 4-week use of soy protein powder (P = 0.021) and
increased within 2 weeks after we discontinued soy protein powder. Serum LH concentrations
decreased during the 4-week use of soy protein powder then increased within 2 weeks after we
stopped the soy protein powder, but the changes did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.20). Soy
protein powder was found to induce agonist activity to ER-β using a reporter estrogen receptor assay
in yeast.

Conclusion: Soy protein powder decreases serum testosterone levels in healthy men and acts as an
ER-β agonist; the significance of this biological effect with respect to cancer prevention needs further
study. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(4):829–33)

32
 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

33
 OBJECTIVES:

o To understand the export potential of Soyabean in India.

o To forecast the growth of Soyabean in terms of Production in India.

o To study the trade pattern of soyabean export potential and production in India.

o To examine the cost of return and profitability of soyabean production in major

producing state.

o To examine the price behavior, market integration of soyabean crop in global market.

34
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

35
It is the way of systematically solve the research problem. It may be understood as a science of
studying how research is done scientifically. In it we study the various steps that are generally by a
researcher in studying his research problem along with the logic behind them.

It is necessary for the researcher to know not only research methods but also how to apply
particular research techniques, are relevant and which are not, and what would they mean and
indicate and why researchers also need to understand the assumptions underlying various
techniques and they need to necessary for the researcher to design his methodology for his
problem as the same may differ from problem to problem.

The Study

It is a study to know about the prospects & potential market for export of soybeans and to
identify the various competitors globally. The study is exploratory in nature.

Tools for Data Collection

Secondary data has been used as a source of data collection. Secondary data. Secondary data
means that are already available i.e. they refer to the data which have already have been
collected and analyzed by someone else.

The researcher has collected secondary data from:

1. Books from Library.

2. Internet.
3. Reports
4. Leaflet
5. News paper

Tools for Data Analysis

The data are analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 for suitable forecasting model based
on export data.

36
 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION

37
State Wise Data- Production Potential for Last Five Year

States Production(million tones)

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Madhya Pradesh 34.124 55.068 42.001 58.18 40.107
Maharashtra 22 37.429 29.003 34.343 39.415
Andhra Pradesh 1.569 2.439 1.056 1.571 1.508
Chhattisgarh 0.728 1.24 0.863 1.108 0.539
Gujarat 0.745 1.282 0.888 1.241 0.861
Karnataka 1.753 2.543 1.732 2.906 2.694
Others 0.505 0.995 0.462 1.041 1.377
Grand Total 69.29 109.9 83.5 109.3 93.06

70
Madhya Pradesh
60 Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
50 R² = 0.0538 Chhattisgarh
Gujarat
40
R² = 0.509 Karnataka
Others
30
Linear (Madhya Pradesh)
20 Linear (Madhya Pradesh)
Linear (Madhya Pradesh)
10 Linear (Maharashtra)
R² = 0.0974 Linear (Andhra Pradesh)
0
Linear (Karnataka)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Graph1. Graphical representation of table 2

YEAR WISE EXPORT POTENTIAL OF SOYABEAN IN INDIA

38
 YEAR TOTAL EXPORT OF SOYABEAN
(VALUE IN Rs. LACS)
2010-11 3,886.14
2011-12 11,277.57
2012-13 26,460.41
2013-14 74,471.07
2014-15 99,265.71
2015-16 82,806.28
2016-17 75,885.70
2017-18 100,483.84
2018-19 81,030.62
2019-20 26,465.27

Graph2. Graphical representation of total Export Potential of Soyabean

TOTAL EXPORT OF SOYABEAN

1,20,000.00

1,00,000.00

80,000.00

60,000.00
PRODUCTION
40,000.00 VALUE
20,000.00

0.00

Interpretation:

The above graph represents the year wise Export potential of Soybean from 2016-2020.The graph
shows from 2016-2017 to 2017-2018 there is increase in total export of soybean but after that there
was decline in export potential of soybean during 2018-2020.

39
 FINDING

40
FINDING:
We have found that the production in Madhya Pradesh is higher than any other state during the year
2015 to 2019.

There is increase in the production in Madhya Pradesh during the year 2015-16 and 2017-18 but the
production was in declining stage during 2016-17 and 2018-19.

India’s soybean production for 2018-19 has been revised lower based on preliminary crop
observations, according to a report from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Foreign Agricultural
Service (FAS).The decline in production was due to the drought in some area and bad weather
condition. Heavy rainfall harms short-duration cultivars that were in their reproductive stage. Late
arrival of monsoon and drought conditions were the main reasons for low productivity of soybean in
India.

India loses some soyabean export contracts due to appreciation of rupeedue to poor overseas demand
and uncompetitive pricing, the FAS said.Appreciation of the rupee took the edge out of soyameal
export pricing, which led to cancellation of about one lakh tonnes of export contracts.

Several multinational companies had bought soyabean at the begining of the season,expecting that
China will import from India in the backdrop of its trade tension with the US. Although China hasn’t
yet opened its doors for Indian soyabean.This results in the major decline in the export of Soyabean
from India.

41
 SUGGESTIONS

42
 SUGGESTION:
Indian soyabean exporters should establish tie-ups with advertising agencies, marketing
consultants in India or destination for marketing Indian products in the stated countries.

Focused research and development programmers are required for developing quality products for
exporting to other countries.

Modernizing and upgrading processing ability to improve the quality standards.

o Design innovative schemes to convince the farmers to adopt improved technology

and provide financial support for installation of new technology on a large scale.
 Timely input supply must be ensured to boost the production, many times farmers get
 fertilizers, seeds after the time for their use is over.
 The Indian soyabean industry should look at standardizing the product and use gadgets for
 documentation to get the recognition of foreign countries.
 India must overcome the problems of organized and regulated market for Indian soyabean.
 Indian soyabean must be provided protection of intellectual Property Rights (IPR) at global
level.
 We should identify low productivity areas in the states and give special attention to them
to improve the average productivity of the country.

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The Study is based on secondary data and hence is open to bias. Due to the constraints from
the government in sector it was not possible to get latest data. Today’s trend is fast changing
trend; it might be necessary to review and reconsider the report of the existing trend. The
production of Soybean is dependent on climatic conditions so to forecast the future growth and
production of the crop is not accurately considered

43
 CONCLUSION:

44
CONCLUSION:
The feasibility of deploying a socio-economic and environmental impact analysis for large-scale
bioenergy production on a regional level is analyzed, based on a set of defined criteria and indicators.
The analysis is done for La Pampa province in Argentina. The case study results in conclusions in
how far the criteria can be verified ex ante based on available methodologies and data sources. The
impacts are analyzed for two bioenergy chains (soybeans and switchgrass) for a set of defined land
use scenarios. The carbon stock change for switchgrass ranges from 0.2 to 1.2 ton C/ha/year and for soybean from
−1.2 to 0 ton C/ha/year, depending on the scenario. The GHG emission reduction ranges from 88%
to 133% for the switchgrass bioenergy chain (replacing coal or natural gas) and from 16% to 94% for
the soybean bioenergy chain (replacing fossil fuel) for various lifetime periods. The annual soil loss,
compared to the reference land use system is 2–10 ton/ha for the soybean bioenergy chain and 1–2
ton/ha for the switchgrass bioenergy chain. In total, nine sustainability principles are analyzed. In the
case of switchgrass, most environmental benefits can be achieved when produced on suitable land of
abandoned cropland. Soybean production for bioenergy shows a good overall sustainability
performance if produced on abandoned cropland. The production of switchgrass on degraded
grassland shows socio-economic and environmental benefits, which is not the case for soybean
production. The production of bioenergy production on non-degraded grassland is not preferred. It is
concluded that the scenario approach enables understanding of the complexity of the bioenergy chain
and the underlying factors influencing the sustainability principles. It is difficult to give ex ante a final
conclusion whether a bioenergy chain is sustainable or not as this depends not only on the previous
land use system but also on other factors as the selection of the bioenergy crop, the suitable
agroecological zone and the agricultural management system applied. The results also imply that it is
possible to steer for a large part the sustainability performance of a bioenergy chain during project
development and implementation. Land use planning plays a key role in this process.

Soybean is one of the major crop to be exported and earns a major share of foreign exchange for
the country. It helps our country to maintain current account deficit which occurs time to time
when we import more goods than required. The need of the hour is to frame suitable policies to
support the exporters as well as the farmers other than the already existing policies. Export
potential of Soybean is although very high, in spite of having a rich stock of natural resources
and skilled personnel. India is required to strengthen its position in the global market. The
exporters of Soybean have to overcome various hurdles posed by several factors.

45
 REFERENCES /BIBLIOGRAPHY

46
 BIBILOGRAPHY

Ahmed, S and Rustagi, P. (2004). India’s Export of Agro and Food Products to Gulf Cooperation
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Policy, 1(1): 127-135.

Badiane, O., Shively, G.E., (1998). Spatial integration, transport costs and the response of
localprices to policy changes in Ghana. Journal of Development Economics, 56 (2): 411–431.

Gandhi, V.P., (2006), Rappoteur’s Report on Rural Infrastructure and Growth. Indian Journal of
Agricultural Economics, 61 (3): 582–600.

Hans, B. V. (2009) Indian Agriculture In The Globalization Era – Position And Prospects,
Department of Economics, Milagres College, Kallianpur,Udupi District, Karnataka State, INDIA,
January 24-25.

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