The signal flow graph for this are located as shown in Figure 3.8(a). The first equation state | js seca at ta yignal loo rapivivehowadn tote 2:8cp)rdisslln ge | for the remaining three equations are constructed as shown in Figure 3.8(C) 3,8(¢) respectively giving the complete signal flow graph of Figure 3.80. ( . s . id . (ya @ . — ° a) Figure 3.8 Signal flow graph The overall gain from input to output may be obtained by applying Mason’s gain formula. The relationship between an input variable and an output variable of a signal flow g is given by the net gain between the input and output nodes and is known as the overal of the system, Mason’s gain formula for the determination of the overall system gain is by _ EMA, = Fite where My = path gain of the Ath forward path 4, = value of A for that part of the graph not touch T = Overall gain of the system Tr (3.18) the Ath forward path