# BST BS#1377: PART#1 OF mM 3E24LL9 ouusosH : HST BS 1377: Part 1:1990 (© etn standard ni, No part is puenon mayb petra ethane produced wou parila wing 81 British Standard Methods of test for ® Soils for civil engineering purposes Part 1. General requirements and sample preparation (Méthodes dessa des sols pour le génie civil : Partie 1. Caractéristiques générales et préparation dés échantillons Bodenuntersuchung fir Tiefbauzwecke “Tell 7, Allgaeine Anfurderunyer uiad Probeuwurbereltuny British Standards Institution Conia by We ist Sods ian Wel fag 2713 8878 1977 : Part 1 : 1990 Copy by he Bish Sines sia Ned Aug 27 1153361887 BST BS#1377: PART#L GL mM 3624064 O44S0S5 473 me Foreword ‘his Pat of 88 1377 has been prepared under the direction of the Rood Engineering Standards Polley Committe, 1 S revision ot ease 101 WS 1317: 1978 whieh i deleted by amendment. 8 137 wa fist ilished in 1948 and fist appeared in metre form in 197 BS i377 : 1975 which has now been withdrawn is replaced by the following Parts of BS 1377 71990: Part 1. General requirements and semple preparation Part. Chemical and electo-chemics! tests Part 4, Compactionreated tests Pare 8. Compresbity, permeability snd durability Part 8, Consolidation and permeability test ia hydraulic calls and with pare pressure measurement Part 8, Shear strength rss ftfecive stress) Pare 9 Init teat Pare 1 covers genera rauiraments, Pars 210 8 relate to laboratory tests on soll, and Prt S covers In-situ tests ‘The aistiction betwean laboratory and in-situ tsts is that ‘the former ae cari out on sll samples removed from ‘he ground whether the testing takes placein a eenal Inboratory in asite leborotory, orn te lel, whereas the lator ae performed on the soll niu Descriptions of txt methods have been broken down into reveal inge than wera ed pasty Whats an one test procedure i given for a particular ination, the one tered the definitive method should normally be used. I an alternative method Is used the ress shouldbe stated inthe tet reaort andthe Felevont facts Included. Examples of forms ara included in 'an appendix to each Pat an which to prepare th test Inanch of the methods the messurement of only ane value ofthe quantity concerned i dereribed ts recognized that in many practical application ts necessary to make numberof tests in order to obtain a representative value find an inceaton of ts reliablt. Guldsnoe on the number ‘of measurements required andthe Westmont of the results ‘obtained ie beyond the se ofthe pratent standard ‘Anew olaute har bean included on calibration. “he teen apes grey! hes Boon roped ry "parle onsity” with dimensions of desley In azardance with current 180 vs99e. For general information onsite investigation procedures, ‘xpoaly with repurd wsafety ureeauios,celeience ‘heuld be made to 8S 5650 1981, thas been azumed inthe dating of this British Standard thatthe exeeutlon oft provision x entrusted to spp bristly qualities and experiences peoste Compliance witha British Standard does not of taf confer immunity from legal obligations. ABSI BS¥i377) PART) OF Mm WheuLLa nuueose BOT mw oo 88.1377: part: 1990 Contents Poe Page Foremord Inside romcover 4.4 catraton ed sheen of tet Commies pene sectewe onat 2 441 Srcabity 3 Method 442 Exteel in-house ctraton 8 © nroduion 2 12s Salt % 1422 Extana caitadon 2 Z —— 4 ae23 In-house calibration oe 2 Termnalony, dfinions, symbols aa ia 4 a 8 sed 444 Gallente atecertngianmmne Fenty ith, See 8 ad $252 Thamomeers Simba and units 84643 | he meaner instrument & Chiestion of sis 9 4444 Tine te Stoning of vat 9 8888 Vottevte game i Destoton of eis 3 44:46 Foreemening deve is Clstieatin syste 9 4847 Presure gee u penne 2 448 Volume chong ncteators m deers 5 ee COaiSte RE antl cee Spreston for apparaus 8 tcuipment a Relvnt Btih Standards $4481 Diyhgorns ® renee § 4452 Connane temperature bath is tantacringwolrnces $ akas Tenses g Working tlrances 10 4854 Han as Q Sprcintion for general uxt apes 10.44.83 Spocen former 6 Mesrng intranets 10 458. Bowweshoter Hs Buena tod wate 10 440° Collyson an checking ot speci tet ‘Thememetes 1 scuipment 6 Leng messrerent instruments 5 Muni 6 10 51 Ditto is 12 3k Counted ter 8 Foroommenronent 10 83. Ghominls ndmercury 6 Frese gee 10 531 Chom repens te Valine change incentor i 832 tery ie serra Ha Sbhcetmars na seaans ie Ding ovene i 841 Contre 16 Constant temperature bth M842 Palin wox ie ty led 7 6 Environmental require 6 Dy iave shakers ae ‘Temperature contro! 16 Sel den M82 Temperate code 8 ee 17 Preparation of dita! senles Sample mo H fortatna 6 Bottle shakers — = od seibae 2 Seem ie conte th 724 Protas is a 12 722 Compaction toform ust pecinens 7 Hora 1B 1S? Samprapsonon @ ee 12 731 Aneunantot oll grouping ” ele ee 12 732 Masotsol qed fer esna ” ee 733 Motnore content drteminatin ” Raters we 124 Dryingat ac " 43.2 Treebilty of reference standards 2 738 43.3 Specifiealans for reorence standards 1 fd intent 2 433.1 Reference wage wz 7A) | 48.32 Reference thermometers 12 742 43.3.3 Linear measuring standards ae 4334 Provngcecstorfore menuroment 13. 744 Coy the ited Sonar bsivan eg 27 36197BST 8843377: PART#D OL MM LG2469 O4NSOS7 74L mM + + BS 1377 : Part 1: 1980 Poe Page 7.5 Prepaction of soilfor chemical tits 198.4 23 78 Proporation of samples for eompacton baa : 2 fale tee 2 as of elindrial sien from General 20 undisturbed block samp 2 Compaction tars in one-tte compaction 5.1. Initia preparation 2 mould yw 882 Unersalame a 7.93 Compscton ttsin CBR mould 20 853 Une of tube wth cutting edge 2% - 7.84 Limiting dersiy tents 20 854 — Eneapaintion 24 785 Calter bearing ratio test 2088 Propraonof ds or aque speci Ter Freparaton or on rorcompscvon from smpting tbe, : * to form wrt specimens 20 861 Geneal 2 234 Ganaral 20 862 Procure 2 172. Sollpreparation 20 87 Prpsraton of disor square specimen 353 Compaction erin 2 from blak spe 2 17 compacted sere han st 82.1 Ganwal a specimens 21 872 Procedure wing sho ji a = 1.28 Compected specimen of lar diameter 218.7. Procedure using ving ving % F38 Goalng sed vinoning oe ge eee 7 8 repartion of undisturbed semles for Bt Laboratory tess 25 — 2 92 Inekuaee 2 81 General 2 Ba Procedures 22 Anponda B12 Presrvaton of sample 2A Untot Brith Standends 2 82° Apparatus 2 82.1 Apparatus common wall procedures 22 Tables = 82.2 —_‘Raditional apperatsfor 83 2 ~ 823 Additional apparatus for 844 222 nnrurents ied a ferance standard 824 2 forcaletion 2 825 Bg Rofeares woah 2 6.20 Auutional appara fr 6.7 Ps 83° Preparation of evindsca specimen direct Rue eeeeetene ” ftom sampling tbe 23 5 asnof sample required foreach test B31 General 2 on cured xmpon 1° 022 Frnmoue 2 Compction of ge specimens for — 8-4 Preparation of eylindresl specimen of : ome oe 2 smaller diameter then sampling tube 23, 2 opi by the Bish tnd ston Wied fag 27 T1SS36 1907BST Bsvigz7: PART+1 Ol mw Methods 0 Introduction ng ueitan Standard consis of ning Pars are 1 conn seneal informotion relevent to all the other Pars. Parts 108 doreribe mathods of ust on sols fr civil engineering Dorp fo whic saps ed to Be takan for tet under the fllowing heeding. Part 2 Canfcation tots Part Chemical nd electrochemical teste Part 4, Compaction lated tests Part 8, Compresiilty, permeability and durability test. art 8, Consolation ana permesbity tet In hyurautc calls and with pore pressuremessurement art 7, Shear strength test (total stress) art. Shear iano tet effective test) Part @ pectie methods of tet which ae carried out sirectty on tho sll inst. Part 1, Genoral requirements and sample preparation. Port tof thle stndar! conta yea furan relating tthe tats, common ealiration and specie tation requirements and generlrequtements for test Ing laboratories and fed work. It also includes duals of procedures forthe preperation of dstrbed and undue ‘samples wire these ara eammon to more then ene type of test Pare 2, Cassifcation tests, Prt 2 describes tests forthe ‘losiication of ell according o moisture content, Aterberg limits, density, parle density and pate size ‘stribuion. No change in principle have been made in the test procedures, but some addtional tats aro included. In the praparation of cones sols for testing ove requre> ‘ment of using te soln It natural state, without drying, hha ben introduced. The main ditions and amendments sare as follows, (a) Moiture content. Determination ofthe saturation ‘malate content of chal hasbeen sddad, The aleohol method and the sand bath method have been deleted. {6 ia Finis. A ona-ooiat cone aanaration tet hasbeen added. {el Srinkego it, Thi on sdlton, and wo pro cedures are given. {0 Oud deny, Bewnrhto y Sle een hat been ade, (41 Parole density freviousy pectic gravity) ‘Tho pyknomoter Jot method hat buon reintroduced ss 2, (0) Putte size derbution fealmentation. Procedures hava tes rationalized and amended where necassary. Pretentment isnot now a egulrment. qeaces ouneose Las mw BS 1977 : Part 1 : 1990 Part 3. Chemical ond eecto-chemice teste Part 2 ‘seit chemical tart on slle and on water. Existing {est procedures have bean retained, with some mod ‘ication, and sditonal txt Kav been included for the determination of the following. (6) Love on tan (6) Carbonate conta. (e}Chlorie content. (i) Tot! siszolved solids. = ‘estshave also been ineludad ff the assessment of the corrsivty of sols these are the determination of the slectrcal resistivity and ofthe redox potential. In-situ rmathods of these two tests are oiven in Pat 9 Pare & Compactionrelted texts, Part 4 describes those tests that reer in some way to the compaction of sll ‘These include existing procedures for determining compa: of ron cohesva soll and tests which are related to the contra and behaviour of sol placed in-situ a fil, comprising the CBR test and two procedures lehich Rue Bae ad Than em the maseinenetion| {est and the chalk eushiog valve tert, both of whieh require uss of the sama apparatus, Attention his bean given to several methods of sample preparation appropriate to diferent sol types prior to compaction ets and the compaction of samples for the COR test Pare 5. Compressbily, parmeabily and durability tests Part § deerber tet procedutes in which the presence or tcl isthe significant factor, but without requiring the ‘measurement of pore water pressure. Tess include the ‘one-dimensional cedometar consolidation test which ‘exsrmining te swelling ond collopsingcnareteristics have been ade, Further adationa est procedures are as tollows. (2) Determination of sit parmeati method) (0) Determination of erasiilty and dispersive charctoriatcs af fine-atained cll {c} Determination of potential fost heave for which referanes is made vo BS B12 : Part 124 Pare 8. Consolidation and permeability test in hydraulic ‘icition to this standard, Ie Geserbes tots forthe deter= ‘mination of eonslidation and permeability peraeters ‘ting equlpment in whieh the measurement of pore water Dremu isan essential feature, These comprise the following. (2) Determination of consoldation properties In a hydeavie consolidation eel. For samp ameter. either vertial or horizontal ada canbe ured. (0) Determination of consolidation properties in 2 ‘claeal ell under Iotropie conditions (eonsancinead Capa by the Bis Lando tuton Wel fag 27 115.6 1987BSI BSx13771 + -BS1377 : Pare 1: 1990 art 7, Shee srength ests (tote srss. Park 7 describes ‘methods for the determination ofthe shear strength of Soils in terms of foal tes, o (in te case of rained tiect shea ets) in terns of effective stress when equal to totl stress. test for determining unconfined compres: five strength using standard laboratory apparatus has been ror vary vote suty se etunawery eae se been added. Ditet shea tests using the shear box and the rng shesr apparatus have been added, and inctude the determination of dines and droined- residual sheor ‘rocedure har bron augmented by the sition ofa mult ‘tage method whichis appropiate under cartan conditions Pare 8, Shear serangeh tests effective stes) Part Bis & = inaloradction to this srandog, namely ie detent of effective stress shear strength parameters in the ‘onselidaed-drained and conoidated-undeieed wraxal compresion tess. Pare 9 Init tert. The methods deserbea in ms Yart = nl major aelions and have been formed into groups, ‘sccording to elthr the purpoe of the tet or the made (of execution These groups areas follows: Insita denty tats. The hand-coop rath has 7 boen deleted and substituted by anew test fr coer grained sols based on a wtereplacernent - method, termination of r-situ density of fine-grained, ‘mediom-geinad, and cose grained ros by attenution ‘of gamma rays Re been added which includes moisture content determination ‘Ista penetration tests, The spivbarel sampler ‘mathod has been revised to conform more Closely to Intemationsl practice. Two other test methods have been added as follows. . {a1 Determinajon ofthe penetration resistance ting fixed 60° cone and fetionsloeve (the static ‘one test CPT). (0) Determination ofthe dynamic probing resistance tring 2 90° cone fdynamie peahing, DP) Unita vertical deformation and strong rst. “Three text mothode have bean sed 3 follows {2} Determination of the vertical deformation and _Rrongth characterises of ol by the plat loading {) Determination ofthe settment characteristics ‘fei fo ily load foundations by the shallow pad maintained toad test. (c) Determination ofthe in-situ California Bearing Ratio (CBR). ‘Inclea coroavity tests. Two txt methods ere given as follows {0} Determination of the in-situ apparent ressvity ottal. (b) Determination of te inst redox potent, ofthe sil, PART#L 02 MM 1L246b9 0445059 519 mw 1 Scope “heart of BS 1277 specie gnc raqureont fo the tern ot sole fr civ eginuigpurpone and eros revit forte clraton ef wapet and te prepration of tert sample Sielnod on ts nid back eae 2 Terminology, definitions, symbols and unis. : 24 Terminolony For the purposes ofthis Brish Standard the following 2.1.1 ail An ssemblage of dscrete particles inthe form ‘of deposit, usally of minara composition but some tines of eraonie origin, which cn be separated by gertle ‘rater and air fad sometimes othe gazes). A sol commonly Consists ofa naturally occuring depart forming part of the tarts crust, Bu the term i also appied to made ground nein of place naturel sil or man-made motels txhibiting sei bahavour, 69. euthed rock, crusted bls furnace soa fiat, 2.4.2 cohesive sol Sil which because ofits ne grained Content wl frm 9 coherent mas at sultable moisture Granola sll consisting of parler Inaldualy by the naked aye ne id-afa hand ens, grave, sand, 22 Definitions Gefnilansspply- 22.1 sample. A portion of sll akan as boing represen tothe ofe particular deposit or stratum. 2.22 speclmen. A portion of asamp on which a test cared out. 2.23 sampling. The selection of representative portion cfamaters 2.24 quartering. The reduction in quantity ofa large Sample of matarll by cviding secular heap by diameters Senne ena ite omaving ‘be diagonally opposite quarters and thoroughly mixin ‘he twa remaining quarters together 0 sto obtain a uly Fepresntative half ofthe orginal mass. The proces it ‘repeated until asamoe ofthe eauled size i obtained 2.25 rifling, The reduetion in quantity of o large sample ‘of materia by dividing tha as into to approximately cus portions by patting the sample trough an appro Prey sled vere Ueder The proces repented uni sample ofthe required ie i obtained 2.28 dry soil, Sil that has ben died to constant mast 8 temperature of 105°C to 110°C, unless specified other Cony by he Bish Sends wstin Ned hig 27115338 1987Cyt 2.2.7 maleate content (Ww). The mats of water whe can be removed from the si, usually by heating at 105°C, txpressed a percentage ofthe dry mass, Tha tem verter tontant i also widely ure, 2.28 Hgul Kimit (). The rm ‘ined bythe liquid init est 229 plattl ae (wp) The mosture content at which ‘2 20l becomes too dy fo be In plastic condition, ‘Seaeormined by tho plate mitts 2.2.10 plasticity indax {fp}. The numerical diference btwn the liquid imit andthe plas limitof ol ure contant at which 2.2.11 non:pstie, A sll witha plsticty index of zero for one on which the plastic limit eannot be determined, 2.2.12 fly Unto Uy} Te rato of the aiferanee between most comtant and plas limit of a ol, ‘0 he platy indo te 2.2.19 shrinkage nit, Tho moisture content at which 2 {oll on being ered oases to shrink, 2.2.14 shnkage ratio (,). Tho ratio ofthe change in volume tothe corresponding change in moisture content hove the shrinkage lit Sample of sll when dried from shout its liquid limit, ‘pressed a poreentae ofthe nti lenath. 2.2.16 bulk deity (p). The mass of material (ineluding folid partes snd any contained water) per unit volume Including voids. 22.17 ry density (pg) The mas of the dry soil contained Tun volume of undried material 1002 ‘Volume of the slid particles in» sample of sol whee he Volume Includes any sale voids contained within the solid parties. 2.2.19 parila ditibution. The percentages ot te ‘arous gran size proton Ina sol ax detrmined by Sloving and sedimentation, 2.2.10 tastsivs A slaue complying with BS 410, 2.2.21 exbble fraction. Slld parts of sizes batvean 200 mm and 60 mn 2.2.22 gravel fraction. Tho tration ofa soll composed of Particle between the size of 60 mm and 2 mm. The gravel fraction ie ubsivided flows Costtegrivel 60mm to:20mm Fine gruel mm to 2mm he Bid Standards tun Wied fag 27 T1538 197 RST BCe1DI9" DARTS] OL mM TRPULLA NuuENEA Pan BS 1377 : Part 1 : 1990 2.2.23 sand fraction. Tha fraction of asl compoted of ‘oriles between the sizes of 2.0 mm and 0.8 rm, Th snd rection fe sUbaWod 8 fll: Cosne ind §— 2.0mm 08 mm Madium sand 0.6 mm 10.0.2 mm 2.2.24 silt faction. The faction of asoll composed of Particles between the ies of 0.08 mm and 0,002 mm. ‘Tesi ration ls subelvided as follons: Coane sit 0,06 mmts0.02. mm ‘Medium skt 0.02 men to 0.006 mm Fine itt (0.008 men to 0.002 mm 2.225 elay fraction. The faction of aol composed of pris sala in size than 0.002 mm. 2.2.26 fine fraction. The fraction of esl! composed of 2.2.27 voids. The spaces between slid particles of sl 2.2.28 voids ratio (e) The ratio between the volume of {olde ler and water) ad the volume of elid particles ina mate of sl en ay Pe 2229 porasy ln). The volume of void aie and water) nprenad es pacantage ofthe total volume of amass 2.2.30 saturation. The condition in which all the voids in {al ar empty ile with ate. 2.2.31 dagtes of saturation {S,) The volume of water ‘contained in tha vald spaces between sl particles, fexprened at 9 percentaga of the total voids: 6 * co) 22:32 compaction. Th proces of packing pales ore cosa ogee by rainy o os sete Ineang, hor ncreasing the dry density of the sol 2.238 optimum malitue content. The moisture content fat whlch a soeifed amount of compaction will produce themaximam dy dena. 2.2.34 maximum compacted dry density, The dry-densty ‘obtained uting a epeifed amount of compaction atthe 2.2.36 relative compaction. The percentage ratio ofthe fry density ofthe ell to te masimum compacted dry Sensty of esol when 2 eptifed amount of compaction ieund, 2.2.36 dry density/mosture content relationship. ‘Thcteltinship between dry density and moisture Toheone nf snl when a eciied ammount of comoaetion, isemplovedBST Aswya77e 85 1377 : Part 1: 1990 2.2.57 parcantage at vols (V,), The volume of sr woide in the sl eareed aa percep of te tol volume oe vee fon (226 MYT roo fh (Be wi)! os re Seitiyincun canon nator tov ey ‘constant pecantape afi voids The line canbe eau lated from the equation: [he oe where a iste dey density ofthe sol (Mal): 1, isthe volume of sr void in the sol expresed sea Derezntage ofthe ttl volume of the +, isthe pave density (Mon? W is the moisture content, exprested ata parentage of the mass of dry ik, ine. toe ons 2p 2.2.29 saturation fine (200 ar vo ‘nwing the dry denetylmolstare content soll containing no ai voids. tis ebteined by puting Vy = 0 in the equation given in definition 22:3 2.2.40 limiting densities. The dry densies corresponding {6 tm extrama sats or packing Wogest ana Genes at Which the patles of» granular sll ean be placed. 2.2.41 maximum demsity(pana.) The maximum ery eral atthe densest orctcnie sate of oackina of partes of granular 2.2.42 minimum density (Pann) The rinimam dry ansity a the loosast state of packing of dry parle: ‘which oon by suntined in remus 2.2.43 maximum (minimum porotity oF voids ito. “The porosity or voids ratio corresponding tothe minimum (rmaximum) sy density a fined above 2.2.48 “density index (1). Tho ratio ofthe difference + atwetn the maximum and actual voids ratio of si, to theifferance between te maximum and minimum -( festa) (Co Paa= Pain) Be ng to (CBR. The atl exreed 25a perentage of he force required to case a ceuar Piston of 198 mnt erento ara to penetrate the Sol fom the surfce at aconstant rte of nn, tothe tre vale friar pratron i dard apt of etched oc, The rato eterna 2: penetrations of 2.8mm and 8.0 rm, and Uv higher value suse Cop byte Bh nds tin Ve hg 27 TSS 1587 PART#L 0) MH ALPUbLS OUUSOHL 477 mm 2.2.48 panstration resitonc, The forearequited to ‘maintain a commant rate of penatetion of a probe, e.g 8 {CBR piston nto te 0 2.2.47 comolidation. The proces whey soit particles rps more lly texto prod af me by analestion nf rmsinind prceia Ite secemps by crainage of water trom the voids between solid articles, 2.2.40 pore water pressure (ig). The presture of the ‘ree ae wuts Bee soa partes = 2.2.49 excou pore prezure, The increas in pore water Pressure due tothe aplication af an external pressure 22.50 dares of consolidation (U], A measure of consi: ‘ation ata given time, expressed a a percentage efined by the equation: where iy se pore pressure a he time considered 1, is the inital poce pressure; Uy I the fina equilibrium pore pressure wien coneoidation i comalete. 2281 coefficient of volume comprestibility (m). ‘Toe change in volume per unit volume, par unit pressure change, 35 result of consolidation due to that presre “= 8, isa change in voids rato produced by a change in pressure; 5p lea ehange in pressure; 12 the vor ratio. 2.252 coefficient of consolidation (ey). The parameter ‘which alates the change in excers pore pressure with Fespect wo time, tthe amount of water Gaining out of Siew von cig Emo k 2.255 time tector (7). The dimensionless parameter ‘hic is elated to time, ¢, the coefficient of consolidation, and he length of drainage path, used for defining ‘the theoretical rate of conslidation sur nee # 2.2.68 sostfcient of mondary compression (Ce. The ato atthe change in height to the init! helght of a consolidstion test pacimen over one log cycle of time uring the secondary compression phase: Cine = 22" over one tosis evele of timeht iy 2.2.86 normally consolidate sil ol whieh has bean subjected to an effective pressure geatr than the Dratant effective overburden prewure 2.256 overconslidated sol A oil which hes been Consolidated under effective presties greater than that de to the present effective pretut, 2.257 salina. The process opposite ta conwsidstion, ie expansion of esl on reduction of presure dus to water being drawn into the vies between pete. 2.2008 sweling presure The presure aquired to maintain constant volume, fe, to prevent sweling, when 9 sil hs 2.259 permasilty. The ability of x mate! t tow the stage ofa ful, (Also known as hyeraulle conductivity.) 2.2.60 hydrate gradient (]. The ratio ofthe difference in total head of water, 6, on sither de of slayer ofr, of flow, 1: 2.281 costilent of permeability (). The mean eecherge ‘locity of flow of water in soll under the ation ofa Unit hyaraulleeradint: we an be Bid Sonar tun SRS 17 BS 1977 : Part 1: 1990 here Qf the quantity of water dlacharged in time ¢ through weross-tectional rea A normal othe direction ‘oF tow, under Ryaraule gradient 2.262 piping. Movement of ol parses erred by water trading channels through the sol eeding to ugden collaot of sa 2.2.68 wroslon, Remove of sol particles by the movement of water 2.2.68 dlaversive (ordi lav. Clays tren who Indviel elioial parties readiy go into suspension In hse n A (0). The ctus stress in asi mass In oF presute or farce 2.2.66 effective stress (o'). The difference between the total vest, © , and the pore water presi, 2.267 shear resistance, The restance offered to deforma: tion bya sil when is eubjected to stress. 2.2.68 shear strength. The maximum shear recstance ‘hich asl ean ofer under defined conditions of eective ‘tee and drainage,BST BS¥L377: PARTAL M1 mM W2uEES OuUsOKa THT xm 8S 1377 : Part 1: 1980 23 Symbols and units ‘Ta following symbols aroused inthis sandord, The symbols ganerally conform to internation! usage. The units are those senerayus00, An asterisk nccates that no unit ses Tam sym Gre Moisture coment “ * Piet Bs x Sinks nit * * Panty index ft * Shrinkage aia a . But density, ° Malm? Orv desty be gin? ari censy x wigin? Qs desir atest Pu Main? Voids rato . : Porosity * * Degree of stration 3 & Porertge sir voie % * Maximo dry devsty Pome Matn? = iim dey denaity Pane Mom Maximum vis ratio com : © nium ves ot nn : Density index to : Catia bsting aio con x Mean patel lreter 2 so oc Bercenage by mass finer tan D s ~ Epa ne : minutes or cond Dynami viscosity of water 2 Pos Hea raat ? : Deoes of erstdaion v z Costin of valame comprciiity (ne dimensions ™ mt MN 4s, Gotan of eonatidean one dimensional & in /year Theoret sine fester % : Cectfiient of secondary compression Cie : Cootciencof volume compresiity (kote me nian Coetciet of eonstidaion (howopie) er mivyear centre o onsieevon (ei! ovtware rane) oe imeryeer Coefcient of eonoldson ri inward dairape) ea ier = Toualmsjor rinepal ses “ Wea “oral minrpinlpal seee % a ~ Namal steer & Pa Efectve malo principal stress, or Pa Etfectve minor principal stress og ia Prinpal sve ference (0,08) ira Maximum picpal ses ference (ooh Pore water pase oe ke ‘Shear esintance ' ee Masi san rtance ‘ tos kee Uneetined shear eveneth e Unconfined compresive strength % Cohesion intercept (effective stresses) é Ans * Residual coheson intercept . en nih ye Bh tnd we hog 7 SS 17“BST BS833777 PART#i Of im “ThauLES OuNEOLN aaa v et Remoulded shear strangth oe kPa. iain ; : Suess posh parameners: "fa (01'+ 05") - kPa pees : is Biielumeeaien oe con cate cr : wns ca tees eh ‘ in Friction ratio (CPT) ae 7 eee wen: Tota ten : : Termes “tnt : s Acme 4 ar Secs of we : hen ‘creat i 3 Classification of soils For the purposes ofthe test described inthis standard, soll shall be grouped as cofesiv or cohesionies, 4 defined in 2.1. Each of tees types eal be grouped as (01 Fine grained coils Sell comtsning not more ‘than 10 % ratained on 2m test save: (©) Mediurgrained soll. Sols contining mora than 10% rotsined on a2 mm test seve but not mere than (©) Coorse-grained soll Sells contsning more than 130% retained on 237.5 mim test seve, NOTE. Sle with mov then 10% of mati tne on» ‘37.5 mm art on cant way ane by he lioraory taf sda exc for tapas ae ‘hoagie mls can ed mg ‘ld be costed a opepten wih a cov by BERT, ory cor mae sho rock are nt covered by this So A sol shall be rgarded se belonging to the finest gralned ‘roup as appropriate under th above defiitions, 3.2 Deseintion af sate The visual deserption of sie shall comply with BS 6830, 33 Clasification sytem (tatsfcation System fer Engineering Purposes (BBC), Cony bythe Bh Sanders sin Ned hog 1S 17 1s deseribed in clause 42 of 8S 6930 : 1981, Thi shall be ‘supplemented by the laboratory clasfestion procedure {clause 43 of 88 6030: 1981) whan tet ret are known. 4 Apparatus 44 Gna 444 Specification fr gpparatus. The apparatus required foreach eet method shall bao sted in the appropriate clase of Parts 2109 of thi stander, Hem of general apparatus thet appear ln more than one Port ofthis standard shall be as specie in 4.2. ‘Avnoetus usa unly for one purpose i pteteg i the spproprias Part of thi standard, Esch item of apparatus call be cheaked before use to tnaara that i complies with its specifietion, calibration ‘Tequirements ana tne relevant general requirments gen fn this close ‘A plece of spparatus referred toa a calibrated itr shall have been ealibrated in azcordance with Ie specfeation tnd as dtsrbed In 4.4, where appropriate. 2 eleven Brith Standards. Tet sparatus and ‘equipment shall comply with de rlovantGritsh Stender, 4.1.8 Tolerancer 4.13.1 Manufacturing tolerancespst esvia77+ 1990 PART, BS 1377 : Part 44.3.1. Linsor dimensions. The manufacturiog tolerances ‘orlimite on the estentlal dimensions, marked "of apparatut Ue Yor the tets Pal be accordance with thore given fn ‘he deswings featured in de Parts of thi standard NOTE, Al other clmansios a ge for gua, {olorance onthe macs shall be within # 1S unles aes otherwise, 4413.2 Working tolerances Workiog tolerances shall not 20d twlce the manufacturing tolerance unes other requirements are specie. NOTE. Viorking toeranes apt 0 agosto town ina, 42 Specification for 42.1 Messuring instruments etl test apparatus ‘42:44 garancer ana wags. Ine earegores oF oaance listed in table 1 ate examples ofthe which cover the requirements ofthe test Inthe Brith Standard dance with 43.3. Ccpacty imam tor oraigt teeca @ ° 2 ‘200 | 0.001 0.008 ra0 | oor 0.06 'g 2 oa 03 5 os. 1 0 1 a 28 6 10 50 10 Fy tobe determined to the scauracy requited Tor the purpose ofthe test, which shall normaly be within 0.1 % ofthe mass being determined {cttraton of oatances sna compry win ata. ates shall be labeled showing lnitations of use with respect to ‘Be lower ond of ther range at determined by ealibraton. 42.1.2 Thermometers Thermometers covting te requlied working range and having the following gradua tone ae ruitble OL mM ILEUS OuNSOES O22 mm comply with lave 8 of 8S 593 : 1974, Calieation of thermemeters shall comply with 4.44.2. 42.1.3 Lenath measurement insrygnents AZ. Steel rule. An engineers ste! cule with cae Avision every 05 mm i suitable. 4.2:1.32 Topsquare, Anenginear’s steel wy-square is stab. 42.1.3 Vernier cali. Verner calipers for interna end Setar anc shall be stall be readable 100.01 mm of 0.002 ram or better, ‘depending on the resolution spelled in the tet method. Cllcation shall ben secordance with 4.4.43, 4.2.1.5 biatgouges. Dial gauges shall be readable to ‘of travel specified in the test method. Celloration shall bein accordance with 44.4.3, 42.138 Obolacoment transducers, Electrical transducers ‘ad or meaturing cplacement shall havea range of ‘wavel, readability and acuraey at least a good ot thet ‘pucifed forthe oquivalent dial gauges end shall be Callbrated in accordance with 4.8.43, 4.2.14 Timers Stopwatches and stonclocks readable to 1s shall be usa, orasuitaby placed wall clock with seconds hand, andirge enough 0 read to + from the ‘Work station Timers shal be calibrate in accordance 4.2.18 Volumetric gasware, For the purpose of this tendard,volumattic lesware complying with cats B of decordance with 4.4.5. 4.2.1.8 Force messurement. & sultable calibrate fore ‘measuring device shall be mounted ina reaction frame fied with 2means of enaating forces on the specimen lund test. The frame shal ba igi enough not to iepair ‘he requited sccursey ofthe force measurement in the tet rmathod The force meacuring device selected for a test procedure sexed in this standard shell be of range and sensitivity appropriate tothe strenath properties of tne material being tested under the conditions ofthe test. Resings of applied {ore utd fr extablshing toll parameters tall ie within ‘the cllbration range Force-messuring devices shall be with a8, 4.2.1.7 Pressure gouges. Bourdon tube pressure gauges uted 2% partot the instrumentation for the tests covered by this, ‘Handard del be of "et grade a8 defined in 8S 1780, Wsrated in secordance o2te ‘Tha working range of eithar type at instrament shall be osc spproprats tothe requtemants ofthe tert apparatst, {nd tey shal be readable t within 0.5 96 ofthe ful sce 10 Cony bythe Bh lands ton veg 27 TSE 1957reading for pressures exceading 10% of that realng ‘ond that hoy shoul tbe subjected to ody Somnus ‘routs nxcndag sou 75% of th alse rsa. ‘mana, oF presurewanedett of the spe ‘Connections and couplings shal comply with BS 1780 Pressure gauge shall be ealibrted in secordanee 42.1.8 Volume change indicators. A volume: change Indicator, e. burete oF tracer type, shall be epable ‘of messuring the volume of water draining into or cut of ‘specimen, at pressures up tothe meximum working rarsure, to th following readability: capacity upto 50cm? + to withint mL evity enersing 00 5 oat. NOTE, Tha razon of flow within he ndetor may be ‘evra sczramsdt alums change nese of fl ‘as cause, provide the table oan med fee ‘Botan roi nich our on rer Volume: change indieator shall be eabrated In sccordance with 448.8. 4.2.2 General apparatus 42.2.1. Drying ovens. Ovens used for drying sol shall Incorporate a temperature control which can beset to ‘maintain a selected temperature within the range 45 {© 110°C, Ovens shall be eaoable of meintainina she eoperatre required forthe txt to within 28-C as measured ata point In themida ofthe working pec. Each oven shall have provision for inserting calibrated temperature-lndiating davies, Drying ovens shall bo calibrated in accordance with 4.4.5.1. ‘ura water bath shall bs daep enough to enable the est ‘vessel tobe Immersed tothe specified depth. It shall be fited with a temperatura control uni, assisted by forced ite a ny point within the bath. Calibration shall te in accordance with 4.4.5.2 42.2.3 Tost slaves Tas seve shal comply with BS 410 Forte type of materiale covered by this tance, {ull toloranc sieves as dafinad by BS 410 are adequate Slaves with aperture slat ofS mim and above call be perforated plats square hole test sieves, Blow that size {ay salt Be woven war tes ive. CCettieatesisusd with sees by the manufecturer shall be retained throughout the worklg ves ofthe sieves Sloves used for particle sle anal shal be marked with ‘set reference and used only es constituent ofthat set When snow sive i incorporated into a sett al cle ‘tha set eforonce mark. CCaliration cheek saves shall he enrin tetin sccordance with 44.5.3 Con by ne ish landers itn we TS 17 “PARTS O1 mm UG24EL9 ONNEOLE 759 mw ‘8S 1377: Part 1: 1980 42.24 Sieve shakers, Mechanical seve shakers shall old surely a nest af rst lavas with thai ane rvs ‘hair design shall ensure that the tore material progresses cover th surface ofthe save while iti agitated, 4225 Sample dividers When somple dividers ace uted the wid ufato shall be Hoe os man 4.0-Umes he areHt sizeof particle contained In tha sample ta be divided. ‘The size of rifle box used shall be appropriate to tha largest lz of parte contained in the sample tobe 4.2.28 Hanger weighte Hanger weights ued for applying ‘force vertically to atest specimen shall normally be of thaslottad cart an aypa. They shall ba capable a bang Shall be clearly marked with fe mat. ‘Hanger weights shall be calibrated in accordance with 42.21 Sample moulds and tubes. Containers for holding of preperng sll serples, such a moulds, sampling tubes and spacimen-retaning rings, shall be corroslor-redtant ana eapabie of casting astoruon in norma operations! ‘Sampling tubes and rings that ara pushed into unditurbed ‘al for obtalning samole shall have an are rato (er Setined in note 2 t 8.2.3.2) 3 ow o pone conditent ‘with robustness, and notin exess of 20 % unless stated otherwise In he individual tart. “The intanal dimensions andthe mass of sample moulds tnd tet shal be checked in accordance with 448.5, 42:28 Dotlcators. Glos dsiecators shall be provided ‘with afi which can form an aright sel, Deseestor ines salt ee fed wl en sgh ‘oor, Shales shall be such ert allow “The desicant shall be of slt-inleating silica gal erytale. ‘A vacuum desiccator shall be covered by afety cape 4.22.9 Bottle shaker. A motorizad device to which bottles ‘orga Jars can be securely attached, giving anend-overeod “p i Soll in water. The motor sel be capable of rotating the ontiers continously a ha pele sans fr periods weomh. Rotary bottle shakers shall be calibrated in sczordan with 44.5.6, 42240 Contrfegsr. Cantituges shall comely with the safety ruiremente of 8S 4402 422.11 Vacuum systom. A vecuum source shal be apabe of producing e vacuum of 15 mm of mercury or Tower tau system, The eyrtm shal be fad with # callrato vacuum Inceatorresdsbleto-20 mm of mercury othe equivalent, of beter. "Cont 85 1977: Part 1: 1990 4.2.2.2 Hotplate, An elec hotplate shal be sited with Sradjustabie conte! tu pore baling or ivmering temperatures naterate contaes eure ot : 4.22.19 Wax bath, An electrically hested wax bath shall be fitted with an sofustable control to enable the wa t0 bbe maintained at temperature Just above ite meitiog paint NOTE. Exes Heng jf wax shoul rode, 4.2.8 Special apparatus Apparatus requted only for 3 particular laboratory of in-situ test shall be as specified Under the relevant wat method. Callbretion of thecs fame Shall comply with he general requirements of 4.46. 43 Laboratory reference standards 43.1 Reteroncestanderd for Infouse calibration. Where calibration of tost measuring instruments is cartiad out imhoure the laboratory shal hold reference standards or instruments that are used sley for cllration purposes fr requied By BS 5761, Reference standards or insbu ‘ents shall be retained gcurely ina suitable environment ‘wher net in use Reference standards and instruments shall be of on couracy greater than that of the working device #0 thet the erred accuracy of tort measurement I achieves. Recalibration of reference standards shal be at intervals hoc armatee than shown specified in 42.3.1 43.35 for bach typeof instrument Notwithstanding these intarvals, ‘penever a change in accuracy of reference instrument it suspeeted, or when a reference instrument hat been ‘eonted dlmantled,adiusted or overhauled, it shall be teealibroed before forthe ue, Instruments vied a reference standords for callration for the purpers of this standard shall be es summarized in table 2 Thay shall ba callbratd and cetfiated as speci fied in 6.3.2 and 43.3. PARTS? on mm 2L24LE9 ouucoL? LOS mm 4.3.2 Traceability of reference standards. Reference Slantaid ond itrmente shall have certfenion provided by the competent nations! Body, exp NPL", RIVML, of by 4 laboratory currently recognized for that purpose within the National Mesurement Sytem, eg. NAMASE show wecesblty to national standards 42.8 Specifications fr reterenee standard and instruments : 4.3.3.1 Rofornce weighte Reference weights uted for calibrating balances shall be appropriate to the category of bance, and shall be ofan accuracy at least ive times betta than he requled readily of sho balance Inthe appropriate range Reference weight hall be recalibrate at intervals not exceeding those specified in table. Table 3, Refarenco weights ange | Maximum eran nerd ‘< 2009 | Firteaibration ater2 years, ‘hen every 5 years > 2000 | Sears “4.3.8.2 Reference thermometers. Mereury-in-glass thermometers used as reference thermometers for calibrating laboratory working thermometers shall ‘comply wien 88 vs. neferenee thermometers shall be calibrated initially and then reealibrated after 2 years and thereafter at intervals not exceeding 5 years. Calibrated thermocouples and platinum-resistance thermometers used as reference instruments shall be recalibrated atleast once every 2 years 42.2 Linas masuurng standarde Gauge Blocks shall comply wih grade 1 or Better of BS 4311 snd shall be recaiteated at least once every 5 years. ‘sa? tneourants wee on raferance standard fr eaibration Meare quantity [texte BS rata Mase Reference weights TTempereture | Mercury-in-alass thermometers} 5.503 “Thermocouples Platinum-resistence thermometers Lenath {Gauge blooks sas Force Proving ings Elocteal force transducers 8s 1610 Hyreuic prev sing dead-weights Pratrure “Tes promure gsune 5 1780 ‘Navona eles an WaasteLabretory, Naina Pyles abortory,Tegton, Mihsex TW13 OLY ‘Hora Maoroment Accum Surv, NAMAS Exact, Natna Phys Laboratory, Ti 2 the Bid tnd aon Wied A 271336 1987a 4.3.3.8 Proving devies fr force measurement Proving tings or elated eletroa force wansducers ed for ‘allbvating laboratory worklngforee-messuring devices Shall be of grade 1.0 whan callratd in accordance with BS 1610: Part2.A range of proving davies shall be svilsble so that each foreo-measuring device can be falibrated eganst a proving device of sppropcate range and sensitivity. 4.98 Reference pressure gauges. A reference guge wed be of txt grade andshal ave a raslution a Teast as good 6s that of the working gouges. 1 shll be called atleast ‘once a yer. ‘1 dood wight wstng devioe cll be res fonce every B years 44 Calibration and checking of text equipment ‘AAA Traceability. All measuromants nocesary for tho Performance of tests covered by this standard shall be traceable, whore this coeapt Is applicable, to UK national, ‘andard of measurement through an unbroken chain of alloratios. Ine numberof links inthe chain sal be no sreatar than necessary to achieve the rouired accoracy. 442 External and inhouse calibration 44.2.1 General requirements. Gatoraion shall be cares ‘ut either by an external ergaization, or i-house by the laboratory's own sft nether car traceability to UK. national standards sal bo ahlaved. Sets used eal ein wl 69 2704, 0 welt tre vege le ina. and undor tha rlovan west method, where snpropriate ‘Allcalirated equipment shall be used only over he range temporature conta is peifed calibrations hall be caried out within the range of tmparature spect 44.22 External calraton. When calibration is cats ternal orgenization, traceability ‘hall bo established by tho issue ofa certiiata of eaibr- tion for the relevant item, The cotfcate ell include the following information, and shal be retained on file: {a} nme of calibrting organizatior {0) for whow eaibrate, and location: (cl deseinton of the instrument elibated,inluding (4) method of calibration; (el equipment used: (8) catheation caries number of dhe aferanes devon ‘geist which the instrument was eaibate, and te ‘woccabilty route th callraton was nt performed by @ laboratory ofthe National Mearurement System; (a) oa (6) caltation data and resuts; (0) date of eaitraion; (0 shenatute of oxrzo renonsibe forthe caltation. aight byte Bich tars stun Wel fo 27 TSS 1997 PART#? Oh mm SG24Gb9 OuuSOnA S20 BS 1377: Part 1: 1990 44.2.8 Inhouse calibration Calibetion shall be cated ‘out inhoute only by suitably qualified and experienced ‘taf In acordance with yitten procedures foreach item, Reference lstroments or jtandards aginst which working Instruments ar calbested shall comply with nd shall be ‘ep, used and maintained in accordance with 4.3. Caliation records shall Include the folowing, and shall, be rotalned on fle {a} deseiption of the instrument calibrated Including (6) method of calibration; (6) equipment used; [dh eabation certificate numberof the reference rounded perticle, of known pate size detbution, land having approximately 60 % retained onthe seve being chacked, to check each working test seve (i Je af master set, Check workioo test sever ‘againgts master set of siovesrotaned exclushely for ‘that purpase, Do this by deysioving atest portion of dey quart tan, preferably of rounded or sub rounded nates, which aves sporoximately 50% fetal on the tst sive blng checked, on both ste ‘of saves consecutively fora controlled period. ‘Compare the masts retained on seh sleva a esch ot Ie be necesoy tous a different test portion ‘win each sieve size Fer ether mathod sive shall be considered os fling ‘the paformance check when the correrponding masos fon indivi slovs of the sams rsh sie der by more ‘han 5% See neon apg by the Bh Sonar fon ved hg 27 S838 187 Fanha Tews TAT 88.1377: Part (sh Fete, Clearly mark tert sieves which fal messure mont or performance cheer Ether stead or te 31 protection sever wnerp appropriate, 445.4 Hanger weights. Hanger weights wed for applying force o test specimens in consolidstion and direct shear ‘ast, e.g slotaa manger weg, shal ba cllorated at est cence every 2 years. Caliraton shall be to within 0.1 % of ‘he mace bing meacured, cee eee Se re a ee Sey uemmeneeaicerewed oe eae cians ee ee eee {Stereo aca ees tn se eee ooieanaane A “sit alee it gata coed wait aaa naan 448 Collation and checking of special test equipment. The type of eneck needad on eorain tam of speci apparatus, ether to determine thelr performance during ater, oF to ensure that they meet the specified requice: ‘ents, osdatalled for each case, shall be carsied out at Fogult intorvle related to requency of ust. In addition, pretet check and adlustments shall be cred cut whore nacessary, as doeribed Inthe relevant procadurs 5 Materials 5.1 Distited watar Were gistlad water i specified in test materials esha! 2 ‘bs produced either by dstistion or by the use of eloneing apparatus. The lattor shall incorporate a devie for indicating when an unacceptable upper limit of cconductanes is reached. Distiled or deionized watar shall comply with the flowing eqiernents: {a} Non-volatile residue. Not more than 8 mg of total dissolved solids per litre of water when tested in accordance with clause 8 of BS 1377: Part 3 : 1990. (01 pH vole, Notlowerthan 6.0 andnothigher then 7.5. 4 Unies othorwise specified in tat methods, do-aratod ‘ator shall consist of mains tap water from which disolved 4 by boling.or agitation underBSI aseua77: 1990 partan 81377 : Part 1 nora teary, bet for ome atl round water my be cimers, Oe sated tied purpce the ws of 5.3 Chomleae and mercury forming tre tat ive in this standord shal be of recognized anata! reagent quality. 5.3.2 Morcury, Mercury asd In test procedure shall be clean, WARNING. Marcy i azrdos nea, and spropit Dresutionary mesrure hui be ttn he sng Perence ‘ald be mad to current Govern eglaons ard to Guides ‘uveone (HMSO, June 1978), Operations involving te eof ma epour ot prereury shoul be era ot Beremowed rma 15.4 Soll containers and sealants 15.4.1 Containers. Containers into which sol samples are placed shall be of gos or plsties or corosion resistant ret NOTE, Th potential cone of tome rary cur ‘ond water soul be ten no aeeoue Contsners for undisturbed sable and for samales trom ‘which natura molstutecontans are tobe deterined, ‘hall be capable of belng sald to prevent los or gun of moisture ‘ample shall be of miro-rystalie rade, which hes lowe hrInkago anda low melting point. Wax shal not be heated ‘ore than is necessary to cause it to melt, and wherever Pomible« temperature controlled wox pot shall be uid, ‘Reeoating of wax shall be ult up in soueral thin ayes, ‘he fret two or three of which shal be applied by brush 6 Environmental requirements Ing constant emblen Inboraory temperatura during the in the limits specified. The syst shall be ‘enable of rettoring chang of emparanira nth ely fof the test, 09, due to opening and elsing of doors, to ‘comply with thse limite within a peti not exceeding Omir. A method of continua recording of the temper ‘ure sll be adooted fo ensure compisnee with these Timi NOTE, Te flloning wet emods ia thie tended a [eemination of swing nd colle chassis Cony by the Bich lnc tun Wed A 27 36 197, Py mm Le2uLes auugo7a OG me Beremintn of sorooie conto prope wing 8.2 Temparsate records Dally ratings of maximum and minimum sir temperatioe In testing areas sal be recorded, 7 Preparation of disturbed samples for ‘testing 7 Gane “hie sctlon overs the preparatian af disturbed samples ofl fram the samples recived fom the fed, and helt tlloeation for rebeequent rts. The preparation of tart. {pecmens of competed soil for strength, compresibity ‘and permeability tests also Included, Recommended procedures for obtaining samples from the ‘round in-situ sre described in BS 5930, to wich reference should be ma 72 Apparat 7.2.4 Procesing. The apparatus shall be as described In 724.8 107.2.1.12 for Intl processing of disturbed {testing os dasritadin 7.310 7.7 2A. A botnet, of 2ky capacity, readable to 0.1 g. 79.12 A balance, of 10 ka c¥0 7.2.13 A balance, eg. platform sales, of 25 kg capacity, eadabe 1059. 791.4 A mnanecthenaking un sogmontinns of en Without reducing the ste ofthe Inlvidval partes, fg, amorter anda rubber-heeded pestis ora suitable ‘mechanical davies which har an action no more severe thon that of a rubser-headed pete, 72:18 Tose ives, with aperture sizes 425 ym, 2mm, ‘Smm,20 mm, 7.5 mm, anda receWver. 12.1§ Orving overs, cspaple of meigtlning temperatures (of 45°C 1250"C and 108°C to 110°C. 72.1.7 Sample cividers 9. of the mulile-siot type (aif box). 7.2.18 A tay mode of corrosion revetant mets, large ‘enough for mixing the ial soil sample 7218 Amul 009. 72.0 A pslette koi, p rendable to V4,~ BST BSx3777 ‘721.11 Watertight corresionesstant containers or 72.42 An imolomant tor shredding sit cohesve sol 7.2.2 Compaction to form test spaciment. Additional Tpeorense tr the pronation of tet enecimens of Compactad soll es dered in 7.8 hall be selected from 7.2.2.1 to7.2.27, depending on the specimen sae and method used 4000 em? (the oneltre compaction mould} with detach able beteplate and extension, especie in 9.3.2.1 of BS 1977 : Part : 1990, 72.2.2 A25 kg metal ram, BS 1977 : Pare : 1980. 1.2.23 A 45 kg metal rammer, specified in 35.2.2 of 12.24 A cylindrical metal mould of internal dimeter 162 mm (the CBR mould), wth detachable baseplate and extension, 2 specified in 7.2.2.2 of BS 1377 : Parva : 1980. 7.2.25 Cylindrical wot moulds, fitted with aclamping device capable of holding the component pats sacurely opethor and maintsining the eylindial shape whan th tolls subjected to compaction. 7.2.2.6 A source of vacuum with a connecting length of vacuum tubing. 7.2.2.7. Tamping rod, oc spring loaded tmping deve, With aft circular end ofa dlameter botweon one-third ‘and half of the specimen diameter. 7.3 Initial propartion 7.1 Ascecsment of sol grouping. An astssment shall be ‘ade s to whether the sili tobe cesfied ex eohatve ‘Cr colestonless, end a fine grlned medium grained oF ‘coarse-grained, ar defined In clause 3. In doubtful cases or ‘where confirmation Is aquired, a portion ofthe semple thal be slaved through the appropriate seve or sees, Port 2: 1000, The sizeof somple used for thi shall comply ‘with table 4, pected in 33.22 of required for asesmantsioviog Lar of pra preant Intent repotion, (eimora han io nam ae ple ‘seminar veg rm ko <75but> 20 6 <2abut> 2 2 <2 on Capit by hei Slndards stun Wo fag 27133385 1987 7 ‘PARTS. Ay MM h2UGL9 OWNSO72 TS2 8S 1377: Part 1 : 1990 1.2 Mase of soll requiced for testing. The total mass of ‘sample rguied for testing after asesamant sieving depends ‘nth group andthe fet to be cated out but to tenaur representative sample the total mas shall ent Tes than the following minimum masses: rmeslure gana solis, coarse-grained sll “Tho actual mas of ssmplorequred shall be sessed by ‘iTowanc fr drying, wartoge and rlction of stones where required) by the numberof tst determinations to be cared out Ware the total mas of sample o calculated Ieee thon the minimum mat gan above for the appro: ‘rate rol group than tht minimam mass may ba taken. 1733 Molcure concent detamintion the mols content ofthe natural sols received, I required, fepreeanatveramplet ofthe minimurh masses gen In 7.42 shal be obtalned by fing or quartering iver samples are taken on ite for moisture content determination the ute of shallow trays for storing or arr Ingshll be avolded, The samples shall be kept covered or, preferably, soled excope when retail e atually being xvacte, 1724 Doying of cll. Sol ssl be died by 08 oF other ofthe following to methods: (a) Oven aryng. Drying to constant mas in an oven maintained ata trmparature of 105°C to 110°C. 1) Air drying, Partial crying a a terperature not ‘exeaading 60°C, In this method Isl bo perm ‘or the drying methods to range from expesue to air room temperature, to paral yng aa fan-assted ‘oven aia a tmperanare upto 90 "C- NOTE , Th i sould be tun or Hom tna tte 2 old lc ying Woven ie necessary to reduce the moisture content toa {eye suitable for processing, the soil shal be partly ere ata temperature not exceeding 80°C, unless drying at 8 Igher temperature le specified. No part ofthe sl shall be allowed to de out completly. [NOTE 2 Many ftv proades ele hat he a shows ota sowedttecome dry befor esting. Wte owe, {olstould be und in fo nate ee, Wy sam ole, earbe ‘henge ples aan Gia et T08 Ct TO, orn sme lpg ng elo salir or cern wept rn wen Seanad Fermox purpt te ol should be parle no more ‘ante wseuy to anbl fo be creed, otal 0 ‘uaa ate foro art yun wo det sug o wo tnarced lamps, and he tue of aiero-wave oven, sal be avoided fr sll contain= ing clay o organic mate. When reducing the water content toa derived Teel, check welghings shal bo made pelosi. ‘When ite not practicable tour the soln Its natura tate the reaton el bo tated andthe method of ering shall be reported 135 Mechenles processing CONTROLLED COPY Copy No.BSI BS¥2377: PART 01 MH 62469 0445073 999 mM _ BS 1977: Part 1: 1990 . Table 6 Mee of samp equied Wetton | Sate eur cont a 3509 we Extraon mortar contr of 2k 300 mt to $00 mt ould tae “ie | eae ut tte | 2he zoe | e009 ‘oe e war sinkae Pare aon Patel desi Parca size divibution (sei Part sis stbetin (era) Pari ss duetotin onan) Parton ertion acento Suits omtont = 83 a 33 - 53 ie cea reser roa compaction va “ 33 Compaction vat® os compaction at* a8 competion tt* a7 stximom sesny a2 extn density 3 sure conaton vate (MV) os ewinctrre onane $3 aitoribeoing| wa Paani = ‘8 a 100mm danstr et ewe srry 2 eT sa swe ft 5 8 ‘mora | ‘soe coup. | worn Te mass gve Tn reckon when We i nt staple fo eusng during empacton ie wot (97.38. sutton to give the sted macffnssrind materia thon a which undies ar ued, CONTROLLED COPY — Copy Non ; Copia bythe Bish Sndords wn We fag 27 TES336 1987,wy A Reference In BS 1277 Part? : 1990 Flow. BSt Axeta77 1.3.1 Breaking down of syregatins. Ate parti deving (itnecessary) In accordance with 7.3.4 aggregations of particles alle broken down in such a way ato wold {rushing the individual partes. Use an aetion that ino more severe than that applied by a rubber pest. All aggre tons of particles shall be broken down 0 that whan she Fampe it stevec on tne specea wer save aly tnataua! Particles shal be retained, fempscion I the songs somal nclr materia of aot ‘hatin of te pene 135.2 Subdividing. Mix the broken-down sample, thoroughly and subdivide it by quartering, by riffing or by other suitable means un representative subxampes of ‘the specified minimum masies (after suitable further preparation where necessary) ae obtained, AA Ganeral AAA These procedures shall apply to the tts other than ‘oiature content determination drelbed in Part 2 of his, Suandord, 74.2. For many clasfcation tts Ils fist ncesary to break the soil down oie contituent partite, When ory Ing and mechanical icgargaton are scceptabie, prepare the somple os daseribed in 7.34 and7.35, Break down aggregations of partis in such sway a5 to avoid erush- Ing tho indiviusl particles so that if the samples soved ‘on azmi test save, my inact Parle a Feaine, TAA For tests which require the use of sol ints natural stat, dicagregation shall be acloued by soaking in dtiled ‘TAA. Mx the broker-down sample thoroughly and subalvide i as dosribed in 7.35.2 unl roprecenatva subsamples of ve minimum maseas specified a 7.4.2 1074.5 are obtained. 7A2 Moisture conten este. The minimum maciet ofeach category of sol shall be follows. PRT TT me RTL nae 85 1977 : Part 1: 1990 44 Liquid imi one-point cone method 150.3 45 Ligue lint Paaprance method 200.9 46 Ligul limit ono pone Casagrande method ° 1008 53 Pati limit 09 6.3 Volumetric shrinkage (definitive smethod) 30g {6.4 Voluratie shrinkage (ebsicary rmathad! : Foe 85 Linear shrinkage 1608 No paris shall be crushed. All garegtions of particler shall be broken down so that only Individual particles are Tefton the 425 pn tet seve fee noe 1]. Th approx! ‘mats proportion by mess of material pasing the 428 yn test sore shall be determined fee note 2) {BIA siparto molar content artermation yl nse to Gryimatto be els 7.48 Partita density ets The minimum masses of ry so shal beat follows, Any patios largor than the stated siz shall be broken down to pass the test seve of that sz, ‘The sample shal be oven dried a 105°C to 110°C. NOTE. Ove dyin pete arf convnln, If thar it tes we bls at rl ehengs te pore Seay do fos of water of heaton th si shal ba tt nar) ‘alan ae the mano al ued determined by ove rng on Roe 82 Gor ae method the 578mm 838nallpyknomermuhed 1009 2m BALarepyinomermetiod —15kg 201mm ‘TAS Pantie sie tests. For seviog eats on cohesonlose Solls e892 and 9.3 of WS 13/7 Part Z2 1900), the sol ropaed as described in 7.24 and 7.2.5 shall be oven dried {3t T05"C to 110°C and subdided to give the minimum ‘masses spoctid In table 3 of BS 1377 : Part 2 1990, ‘fraited prvined ”praned FOF seGimentation tests, the soll shall wherever possible 3.2 Oven drying method 80g 3008 Ske 38.3 Saturation moistute content Lump of 7A. Plastlity and shrinkage tests. The miimum masses ‘of sil (by dry mas) passing #425 yn tert sive chal be 2 follows, coarer bartels are present in the iit ample they shal be removed by hand or by wating on 12.425 um test seve. The mixture of water and soll asing the wert tirdried ‘eterence la 83 1977 Put 2: 1990 ‘dinars 4.3 Liquid limit cone penetometar method 3008 be used in ts natural stata If parte ai drying necessary the method wad shall be reported. “The minimum masses of sol (expressed at dev mast shall, bese folowe. ‘2ASedimentation~hydrometer 2009 (Applicable method only to suis with more then 85Sedimentetion—pipate 60g “10% pausing ‘method ‘the 63 pen test 175 Preparation of sol fr chomleal and slctr-chemioal este VA Ss Copyright bythe Bish Snort 9 Neb ag 27 S86 187BST AS19797: papren. 8S 1377 : Part 1 : 1990 procedures are given under the respective test methods: ome progedures specify oven drying a temperatures lower than 108°C. 7.2 For preperng samples for chemical tet the min Finegrained soils 1009 Medium-gesined sols 500 9 Coarse-grsined soils 3 kp Soll orrosvty tests The quantity of sll equited Aepands on the see of the bout 5g 184 General 7.6.4.1 These procedures apply to the tests described inG9 1977 sures 1990, 1.8.1.2 Cohesive si shall not become dry before testing Woere the removal of tome water Is essential the sol shall be sir dried to provge te lowest moirture content regulad for compaction, . 1.8.2 Compaction texts in one-thre compaction mould 1.6.2.1 Soll requied for teats deed in 3.3 and 3.5 (OFS 1977 1 Pare 1900 shall be prepared 38 foloe 1.6.2.2 Prepare the toi x dexribed in 7.3, using» portion large enough to provide about 6 kg of material sing rushing during compaction, or about 15 kg of material fasting & 20 mm tart sive for sole suceptibe to euching uring compaction. ‘esi ie ole canara wom taf ‘mais toate sen ot he once’ rng Ree, 1.6.2.2 Ares down ssorostinns of oarticla en that if the sample i soved on a6 mm test sev. only ic cual partlelas ae retained = ror cohesive soils suggested methods are to shred the soil so that it.ean pags thrangh a 5 mim test, Sieve, or to chop it into pieces to pass a 20 mm test siovo; the method used shall be recorded. 7.83 Compaction ets in CBR mould 7.83.1 Soll require fortes deserbed In 34, 26 39d 3.7 (of BS 1377 = Pare 4: 1990 shall be prepare a follows. 7.8.3.2 Prepare the sll described in 7.3. wing a portion large enough to provide about 15 ka of material pasing 157.8 mm tent sive forsale not suceptibe to ershing ‘during eompsetion, or about 40 kg of materi pawing 8 137.5 mm cat see for soll ceptible to outing during compaction (es not t 7.8.22), Bresk down aggregations of particles so that, if the sample Is sieved om @ 20mm tat seve, only Individual partes ae retained. Cohesive sil hal be shredded oF chopped so that lepases the some seve Cony y te Bich Staors buon eth 2715338197 20 . OL me L2NLLS onncors 7h me 1.84 Limiting dense eet For thse tet, which ae ‘carvan nly am cohesion sail hn camp ll be fren ered a 105 °C to 110°C and subdlvided by rifling ‘ogve the minimum mes ited below. Referoce 0 BS 197 Prt 1990 Minimum ms, szomaxmumcunaty oF ands Bg 4.3 Maximum density of ervey = ‘ole wks 4.4 Minimum dency af ante = 96 445 Minimum density of gravely soll 10k 185 California bearing ratio test 7.655 1 Tha appropriate quantity of col reqited for testing im accordance with clue 7 of BS 1377: Part 6: 190 nal be removed fom he msn sample acta rmoisure unt required for etn. {or each ter. RUD this portion through ¢ 20 mm tr seve, vwaig the retained material and determine its proportion ofthe total sample. 7.85.3 If te we tobe performed on semoles orepared fiom containing parses larger than 20 mn, renane the fraction retalnad onthe 20 mm tert seve if doesnot exceed 25 % Ifthe fraction i greater than 28 %, the tst isnot apliabie. 117 Preparation of tet specimens of compacted sil 7.7.41 Genet The following procedure i forth prepara ‘pecimene when the etongth,compresibility and perme ty tests described in Part 8,6, 7 and 8 ofthis standard sre be eared ot on compacted sol ‘Sposiman preparation procedures whic elate ony t.one particule tet shall boar dscribedelauhore se pat of ‘the appropiate tet procedure. 122 Soil preparation 17.2.1 Prepare the initial sample a desorbed in 7.3. fit Is necessary to remove seme ofthe moisture in cede to. ‘break daw the soi, partly air ry it as doscribed in 7.3.4, [st raing the malt ele he ih value st which this com be achins 1.7.2.2 Remove any patctes large than the maximum sie specified in 77.29, i ncastary, by passing the rik Utrough te wescsove of he appropriate aperture 12 7.7.23 Subcivia tho soll by fing wo provide enough ‘atrial for compacting the sre test specimens and for moisture content determination. 12.24 Bring the sil othe der moisture content by ‘thorouphly mixing withthe appreprate amount of water, or by part sir drying as deserted in 7.3.PARTSa Ah 7.1.28 Taka ot eat to representative specimens for determination of the moisture content, and calults the 7.1.28 Place the propred soil ina sald contair and sore for at lait 24 8 before use be removed from the sol before preparing specimens for Type of wt ran Diret shear {ehearbox) no Consolidation 15 Compressive strength os (cylinder, WI = sbout 21 Parmaabity one where 115 nagne or specimen D= clameter of specimen 1.7.3 Compaction erteria, The degree of compaction can be related to either of two eters (a) Compsctve offre. The sll is compsrted at ‘sptcified moisture contant into 2 mould under the pplication ofa specified compact etfor. NOTE. Th eompactin tor wed ray aia ‘atom’ inane of thecampaction es dwoind in nd 33 Stns 1077 Pare 41900. (0) Ory density. Tha soli compacted or eomprasied at ‘toed moture content into 8 mould to achieve a ‘ecified dry density. Eithar method can be used for prepring compacted samples of one of the folowing ty from which one or more tert specimens of ae are tobe taken (86 7.7.4). (bythe tert specimen itl, whan of afl large lamatr, e100 mm (5077.8) “The degree of competion tobe applied to the sol and the metho of forming the test spectmans shal be specified PIA Oompated smple legac than tat epacnint 7.1.4 General. The prepared soli compacted into @ Conese eylindrest mould, from which test specimens ‘canbe prepared, ‘After compaction and curing the specimens are prepared in the seme way a from an undisturbed sample a des cribad in 840° 88, 7.7.8 Campection ‘DIA2A Compaction st specified efor, Compact the prapared sll nto he mould i ayes, 5 deerbed In 3.3 {¢3.8 of BS 1377 : Part 4 : 1990 depending onthe ‘aquired degree of compaction. Lightyscarity the top of ach layer Before ein tho nox. Wm ihaucha nuweo7 Cre BS 1377 : Part 1 : 1990 7.1.8.2 Compaction to specified density. The compac- ton protedure shall be such thatthe mass of sol to achive Ue vei deny jos fils Ue sould whe oly compacted, The requisite compactve effort and number ‘of blows per layer shall be determined by tal Weigh our mass of prepared soll which il give the equiaa Bute aensity nen it just Ts te MU, ‘Cormpact the sil int the mould in layers as decribad In 7-72. excopt tat the number of blows for asch layer shall be such that th woighed oll just fil the raould. ‘Any small eats sal be leg by presing in adetional sol at the sume moisture content. 1 the exces or defclnay of the compacted sample is ‘more than 2% ofthe volume ofthe maul, the soll shall be removed from the mould, broken Up, ned with ditional sol necesary and recompactad without lost ‘ot moisture. 7.3.5.1 Goneral, This procedures forthe preparation of a specimen ofthe same diameter es onelitre compaction ‘mould of CBR mould, using a spllt mould ofa height equa {5 twee the dlameter. 7.152 Compaction 72.8.2: Compaction at specified effort Compact the ‘epared sll inc te erred mould ayer, win Uwe Procedure duiribed in 3.3 or 3.5 of BS 1377: Pare4 "7000, depending onthe required degree of compaction, ‘but modified a follows. The numberof layers, andthe ‘with table 6, depending onthe ‘compaction. “Teo the ends ofthe spaciman flat and normal tothe ats ‘ll in [Tete 6, Compaction of age specimens for tian — 100 x 200 5 2s es ja 0s x 210 5 20 a fat 60 x 200 a ofa | 6 7.78.22 Compaction to specified densty. The procedure Shull bea dteribed In 7.7.42.2 but using the numb of layers shown in able 2 coi byte ish Sodas tte eg 7 TSE 187,BST aS¥1377: BS 1977 : Part 1: 1990 PART 7.1. Sealing anc trimming. Alter compaction, semples of cohaive aol shal be sealed and stored fora lest 24h, Fina vimnsing of specimans shall be as detribad for Undsturbed samples in clause 8 2 Preparation uf unutswurbed searnples for testing 8.4 Gonen 1. Proceoures. This clause covers the preparation ot test specimens from undisturbed samples of soil eceuad ‘rom the field, where the procedutes common 19 more than one typeof text. Procedures hat relate specifically 10 me preparation of samples for one rye of west sha! be 2 given in the relevant clauses ofthe appropriate Part of thiestander, Five procedures are described which dapand on the typeof ‘ndisturbed sample ane the purpose ofthe tr specimen, 1 follows: (a) eyintical specimen ofthe same diameter asthe sample tube (see 8.3) 1) eyllncriea! specimen, ost of specimens, of smaler lamerar than the sampling tube see 8.4); {eleyindriea specimen from a block sample (se 8.5); (2) oie or square speaimen trom a sample na sampling tute (008.8); {e) die of square rection from a block sample (228.7) “That nrcadira shal ako soaly tothe oreosation of specimens from samples of compacted soll made Up as deserted in elavse 7 8.1.2 Praseration of samples. Loss of moisture from tion, preparation and storage. 4, netting pian fe,aowes by sono fl but longer-term storage ie necesey, samples shall be well sled and stored in a room that reste and not subjected to vibration. Luring transportation, undisturbed sampies sat be pack + and sewed so 10 be fost free and cushioned against Fotting ane vibration, naairat'n'oe mentsaod ete Monat ania 2 Aoparaus 82.1 Apporator common to oll prmcadine 8.2.44 A sharp thin bladed trimming kate 8.2.12 Asealpel 2.1 Asoo, 8.2.1.4 Two wire-sos, one of plano wire about O4 mm in diameter andthe other a 02 MM UL24G69 O44SO7? 534 mm 8.2.18 A metal srate-edge trimmer, such 9a ste! strip about 300mm long, 25 mm wide and 3 nm thick, 82.47 a sroape uch asa nese oe Ingpos conden guste 0 OST 8.2.1.9 Vernier calipers, readable 100.1 mi, 821.10 A Mar gla plete, about 300 mm square and 8.222 Additions appsratu for 83 8.2.2.1 An extruder to suit tha sample tbe, and to which Itean be securely atached during extrusion. 82.2.2 Suitable supports, nesded for some sols, to prevent stordon of the sample a Its extruded, NOTE, Pati utr ot tharteanbe propery aligned and sapped 8223 A sult mould asembly, 9.2.2 Addins! spperstue for 8. 82:1 An extruder a8 In 82.21, 8.23.2 Thin walled tubet)forcutting the test specimens) ed to form a cutting ge atthe inne surface ofthe tube. ‘The ares ratio shall be kept as low as possible consistent withthe strength equiements of thespecimen tube, end it Ath hall nny svrant 99. The longth of he he shall be about 80% greater than the required Tength of the NOTE. The yond he la of ml cicas hee Dp te ove anata of bs: tlhe ie site of ecto da. 8.23.8 A ig for holding the specimen tube or tubes sccoratyon tie apie wu wl Ue nape Uwe ‘xtuded, Tha axis of each tubs hal be maintained lo ‘aul alignment withthe direction of extrusion. 8.23.4 An exruder to sult the spacimen tube, and to ‘hia ean be securely attached during extrusion. NOTE. The ae rads withthe samp ‘hay be ite wit an data fold te specie tube of 8.24 Aditional pparaus for 8:5 8.24.1 Thin-walled tubes sx dexeribed In 8.23 (for socimens tobe formed in a tube) 8.242 Ajip for firmly holding the thin-walled specimen ‘ube in alignment with ts direction of movement a itis pushed int the block sample for specimens to be formed ina ube 22 Cpt bythe Bh Stenarsestiaton Wed hig 7 1538187AST Rona: SARTAL OT 8.243 A soil ale (or specimens to be hand tenes, BAA A mite box 8.26 Adtitions apparatus for 88 8.25.1 A metal cuter fr holding or forming the test be chaulr or square in plan, depending onthe typeof test Detaled requirements ae given in the appropriate clause ofthis standard 8.25.2 A Jack and fame sutabe for extruding the soll ‘ertealy fom the sampling tbe, 8.253 Ap for holding th crclar or equae cuter ust bore te tap ofthe sampling tube. The jig shall be Aisigned to allow the sample to pas through and prlect be ed forthe came purpose, 8.2.8 Actions spparatu for 8.7. Ag fr fimly holding ‘thoplone ofthe cutter a right angles tots diretion of ‘movemont atts pustaa into the Bios sample 18.3 Preparation of evita spacimendrece from sampling tube {8.3.1 Ganorak When a specimen isto be prepared from an unditurbed sample containad in 2 tube ofthe same ‘Internal ameter asthe test speciman the procedure shall ‘be as follows, Th sample shall normally bs pushed out of the tbo ia tie same erection ay Ieentered. Remove the protective wax and any loose or disturbed material 82 Procedure 1832.1 If te end of the protective coating, eg. of wax, atthe lower end of the sampling tube is reasonably fat and parpenccular to the axl of the tube, no init prepuatin is necessary. Otherwise remove the protective coating ang trim the en ofthe sample to ohieve that condon, 8.3.22 Place an oiled paprdise next to the sample, fiat ait the farm af ha otra rar, tm potent ahasion between the sll and the extrude, 8.3.2.3 Fit tho ssmpling tube on to the extruder and attach the split mould asembly. 8.32.4 Extrude onough ofthe sample out ofthe tube to enable any loose and disturbed material tbe cut 8.25 Catude the sample wl Bas eed for testing contained within de spit mould, NOTE. Te es tured porton of he empl il normaly be etic yd on 8226 Cutoff the surplus col and trim the ends ofthe ‘estspeciman flat and fh with he ands of the elit ‘mould Protect the ends from lot of moisture ont the Se amr byte Bish tnd ston ed Ay 27 T5836 187, Ub2ubeS O4uSO7s WT BS 1977: Pare 1: 1990 8.3.2.7 Weap and ssl the surplus extruded sil Either ‘eke, wrap and sel any sol remaining in te tmpling ‘bs, of zeal itinside the tubes” 184 Praparation of elingrical specimen of smaller 84.1 General. Ths procedure spolie to fine grained ~ cohesive sol which canbe extruded into tubes with negligible disturbance, ‘The procedure shall be used when a specimen, or a set of (usually thre) specimens, sto be obtained from an _unditurbed sample f larger diameter than the test specimens. The method enables a set af specimens ta he ‘ken from one epth 8.42 Procedure 8.4.2.1 Fithesamolina tube om to the avtrter Ee ‘enough ofthe sample frm the tube to enable sn loose and disturbed material tobe cut off, leaving the end of the remaining sample flat and flush with the end ofthe tube 22. Clamp the thin-walled speciman tube of tubes seouely in the jig stached to the exeuder with tir euttng edges about 10 rm sway fom the and of the a sample tbe. The axis ofthe tues shall he in algnmant ‘with the dection of extron, 8.4.23 Extrude te sample drety into tuber, maintaining ‘uniform speed, As extrusion proceeds out sway excats 8.4.24 Cutoff she extruded soll remove the specimen ‘tubes from the ig and extrude the specimen from each tube Ss deserbed in 8. 8.8 Preparation of eylindieal specimen from undisturbed block same 85.1 intial preparation [NOTE 1. Tie preadure en ao be wad for iin specimens {rom acne arp of tgerdamatr thon tha pecinen, ‘oguired th tpecians Soul Toles noraan wha eck song shut be mean block sample, and cutout an approximately estengular rls of soil sight larger than tho Final dimensions of the specimen. The orenttion ofthe axis ofthe prim shall. be aoorocriate forthe tt to be cari, whan nace sary, and shall be recorded 8.5.1.2 Make tho ends of the prism plane and perallst ‘sing the mitre box, or by carefully trimming and check Ing with a sutecage ae ery-equate on the glass pate. 1.9 If a sol lathes to be used, proceed as described in 85.2. If the spaciman it tobe formed ine tube with 2 ‘cutting edge, proceed as discribed in 88.3 oF 8.5.: BST pseua7 1990 ~* 881377: Part 1 8.52 Useot sol athe 1552.1 Place we specimen n sot tae ang cur of ene ‘exces In thin layers. Rotate the apecioen between ech utuntl eylindrls! specimen s produce. Take eare to ‘void disturbance due to torsional effects 8.6.22 amove the specimen from the sol lathe. Cut to the required length and make the end plane and normal to the specimen axis to witha Ys © 8.5.3.1 Clamp the thin-walled tube firmly in holding Hi 8.8.3.2 Push the tube steadily into the soll carefully ‘rimming sway most ofthe eens sl for she in advance af the cutting gogo. Ensuro thatthe cuting edge Isl ays pares away the final lvar of excess material 50 that olds are not formed inside tho tube, Maintain ‘mation during tis operstion 8.5.33 When the tube contains a length of specimen ~ digi in excete ofthe required wiramed length, undercut ‘the spaciman so that the tbe ean be oxUacte, = 8.5.34 Remove the specimen frm the tube nd trim as sorerived in 8.3. 8.54 Encapsulation 1.5.41. Ganaral, With brite sis for which the preceding ‘methods oe not precticable, the following method may be [5 well fro cylindrical or ratangutor shape. 85:42 Method 8542.4 Cover the pices of sll with oaratfin wax ‘or wrap with thin elinging fl, to provide a waterproof costing. }, 88.2.2 Ploe the sample in a container. 0.2 onelitre compotion mould, end aueround with suteble pester, fg calle filer, mixed with water toa workable paste, so thatthe sample s completely encapsulated. Alternative, pack damp sand around the sample. 85423 Allow the plaster to st, but not to harden 854.24 Jock a sampling tbe witha sharp euting edge into the eneaproloted semple with» continuous steady 8.5428 Remove the sample from the tubs and wim i 2 dearibed in 8.3. 2.0 Preparation of dee or square specimen fron sanpting tube 8.6.1 General, This procedure is used for preparing either {squat eyindrieal specimen fora conscldation tet or Selina in an oedometer (ne close 30° & of [BS 1977 : Part 5: 1990), or» square specimen fora direct thse etn the small shoarbox apparatus (ee clause 6 of Port 7 ofthis tanard). The mould witha cuting edge PapTaL on me 303uLE9 ONNgo7] 307 me 852 Procedure {60.2.1 Fit ane sampling tube onto he extruder. Extrude ‘enough of the smpie from the tube tenable any lose and dvturbed materi! to be eut of, leving the ond of the remaining sample tat and loth with the end ofthe 8.6.22 Exwude s further short lensth 29. 20 mm to ‘30 mm, of the soll sample from the wbe for examioation, afte emovine the orotectvecoverina, 8.62.3 Cur off and remove the extruded length of ample “rim the end ofthe remaining sample flat and flush ith the end ofthe tube, 1.6.24 Secure the cuting rng rgily Inthe ig and mount ‘he assembly on th sample tube so that the cuting edge of the ring is 3 mm to 6mm above the top of the tube, cuting ring unt te tp ‘the ing, Ouring this operation trim away the sll from ‘he outside ofthe rog to reduce cton and to prevent 862.6 Cutoff the sample init ing tle below the cutting 26ge of the ring and remove the rng from tho ji. Wish very soft oils take care to entre thet the speaimen oes noise no al aut of, she ing. 8.62.7 Cut off the soll projecting sbove the upper end of the ring and trim the surface flat an flush with the ring, ‘heckina with ne reference stalcheedee, Avoid excestive Femeulding of the surface. £2.6.2.8 Place the trimmed surface on the fat gle plate ‘andim the other surface lash with the eurtinge¢ge a5 {ee ouside of the rng 85.2.9 If during the shove operation asm interferes with excusion and trimming, remove it ane fill the cavity with fine materi fom the paring. # 87 Preparation of else or squire specimen from block. sample 7.4 Genera. This procedure i sed for preparing a tast ‘pecan from an undisturbed sample reelved inthe form of en excavated block, nd may also bo used for 3 aie thats heen ata fer eng tb ‘Tha mous witha cutting edge Ino which the specimen ined trefercedl oa the cutting ring, whether fe cirular or square 18:72.1 Clamp the eating rng flemly in the helding ls 187.22 Push the rng steadily into the si, cratlly ingvanee ofthe cuting edge, Ensure thatthe cutting tie tua alaye para aay te lat slvr of excar sol {fo that voids are not formed nade te cing. Meinl the Cuningring whether screlarorsgusre. * Sig this operation. a oy 2 SF ssf) ih bythe Bs Sodas en eg 27 136 187,‘BST BSei5777 PARTH: Oy mM DEQNLGT OWNSOO O29 Ma 8S 1377 : Part 1: 1990 187.23 When the top surfaco of th spacimen protrudes 9 Reports slighty above the rng, saver th sci sightly blow tM. oratory ests ‘uttingadge so thatthe fll contained n he ng ean be removed intact, Reports giving laboratory tst ding and result 25 specified foreach tort procedure shall slugs the following ganeral 0.2.24 Ten he ecu nee! n8827 cs eee {a} sample identification reference or number, 7.2 if dwing he sbveoparatonasnalnclaion_seraont anaes ianenumbode 9 cre aoe eat wh fe etl tom ttn emer 8.2.3 Procedure using a driving ring {d) location end orientation of test specimens within 71 cutarouhiyeiclror mu peion of so heer arp ‘athens aeuninntonewertogt bens (ena ert ofl eg wei fb an Sryeieet een £4732 Pree oo pone ee on prions tat Ree erminecd careaniareese | Gass canes here oe Fe i ae eee wate eas tact mae 1.7.24 Place one prepored surface ofthe sample on the (g) unavoldsbe variations from specified procedure, sia plate, Ue the rng, placed onthe exposed fae, as With rearon ‘template while carefully wimming the edger ofthe sample. _(h) name of organzation carrying out the test. Pusn te rng down stowny andeventywitvour skinu, Data recorded in the laboratory report forms, such 35 ‘sing a driving rng placed on top, allowing th cuting edot hoe sat eu In a append to earn Pat of this standerd, te par aay the lar fraction of sol, Ensure hat the Aarpiephashth playsnleowehemdelig ss pecnin sa cloze fit nthe rng with no ves elt ‘he inne surface: Push he rng down unl Ws top eurfoce 92. ynatu edt ae Report giving in-situ test data and results as specified for 187.34 Remove the ceving ing and vim the top and_—_—_each test procedure shal include the following general bottom surface of te specimen fatand flush withthe Informatio fing ak decribed in 8.6.2.7 and 8.6.28. {@) text locaton, test number end borshole or pit 15 Ma smal inelusionfnterferés with the above ‘number where sppropriate; ‘rimming operations, removo It and fl the eaviy with (6) dae of test; cate emeseees (6) eatin of Ue il tate gone nas ‘ference to the fetorsolevant to the test method: (c) where possible, information onthe groundwater level {ot test level with respect to ground ave and the reduced lave of tha test, whore known (f) nme of organization which made te test {al waather and eniranmantel canitinne nf te af test, 09. i wet, sunny, froety. Data recorded in th test report forms, such as those set pendix A of Part 9 ofthis standard, shall be 25 api by he Bh Sands ton eos 27 186 187BST 8Sx13771 PART) O} MM TE24Eb9 0445081 Ths mm 88 1977 : Part 1: 1990 Appendix Appendix A. List of British Standards = Tho rtsh Standard refered to in Parts 1 to @Inclusve (of BS 1277 are shown inthe fliowing lis: = S89 Specification for direct acting incieating tlectrcal meaturinainsteumeas and thelr - teeestorier 1BS410 Specification for test sieves BS 609. Specification for laboratory thermometers S604 Specification for graduated glss measuring ylides = BST7I8._ Specification for density hydrometers BS733._Pyknometers Part Speitestion Part. Methods tor eabration ana we of pyknometers BS812 Testing agaregtes Part 124 Method for determination of frost = BS84G._ Specification for buretes 18§870 Specification for external micrometers $603 Methods of testing vulcanized rubber 1BS807 Spectiction fr dil gouges fr linear 1BS639 Specification for engineers’ squares (including cnlindsea and block squares) 1261184. Speciietion for natural rubber compounds BS1377. Mothodt of test for soils for ei engineering purposes Part Clossifiction tests Z Part Compaction related tests : Part Comprasility, permeability and crab tests ore Paneliatinn and otrmeabiity tests - inhydraie calle and with pore pressure Pare? Shear strength tests (total sues ) Part Shear etength tests (ofectve stress) Part Insiutste Capit by te Bed Sonat ston eh 27 150.6 187. as 1682 8S 1610, 8s 1739 851780 es 1782 8 1797 185 2000 as342s 933078 8s 4019 saat 8S 4372 ps4a02 as 5573 ws or as 5008 856231 as6a76 ‘Specification for one-mark pipettes ‘Matai tering machinas and force verifiction Pare” Specification for the grading ofthe forces applied by material testing machines Part2. Speciation for ue grading of equip ores applied by materials testing machines Specification fr iter flasks fkers ‘Specification for bourdon tube presrre and vecuum gauges Spaification for ana-mark volumetric faks ‘Schedule fr tables for use in he ealibration ‘of volumetric elasvare Methods of test for petroleum and its products Dart 48) Prowtration af Bituminous materiale Recommendation for design of gas vacuum vessels (including desicator for laboratory we) Specification for water fr laboratory use Specification for rotary core drilling equipment Part 1 Basie equipment Specification for metric gauge blocks Speciietion for sn laboratory eentifuges (Code of practes fr safety precautions inthe construction of large diameter boreholes for piling and other purposes (frerty CP 2011) Fteotremont ane eaioraan ystems ‘Spocifcation for principles of cesgn and construction of volumetie glassware for laboratory vse Specification for PVG Insulate eabes for switehgear and controlgear wiring Reagents for chemical analysis“per Devise BART OF we TeoULLa nuucoAe aT Previous page is blank Publications referred to esi as 1610 ss DB, Bm Sit 8a sie Se Soecfaaton fr tt see art 124 tha for determination of tow Nea ¢ [tds of en for sl for cl ennerogpurpones Gate far? Sher stenat et ft Eng Reemahice ‘tari ting machines an forse verification esipmant Pa pacino rig oe re pn maui ig macnat Part Sects forthe ring ot equlpman eed for the mln of tha forest pid by materiale ting mines ‘Bruen fr bourdon oe premier ost ‘Schedule for aan theclbrton of vluretsGlesore Souafeation frat for breton se pnsfenon for metic nae bloke peitcntion frat feguamart or boretory eran SEES ef itesaan see Secifction for pring of cen and construction of vue lanwae fr laberaton we (ode of pace for sie invertztions ‘Goa Nota MS 12, Has na Sooty Exact: Mvcury~ Masel wurvincet ‘Asal fro WSO Publton Conv, PO B0x276, London SMB OT. Con ye sh Sonar nition Med ig 21S 197Conight Wig 2 OST Ssea3977s PaRTa OF MM UBENBLT O44S003 030 mm be Beard of BS nd caveat on Fis pube in 108 iat bled in ete, 1975 CConmiee! th nena Cheotecne ‘te aerisitreasneling the provision ‘Grou he 1 Livery and Stoncardne Outen Mele qo Bape and gtr sve ven rb eband ramthe BS 1377: Part 1: 1990 ‘sinle rom 851 Enquiry Sexi st ton Kaye, alashane th morth by B81 Nea ch ese fo edt not 61 what Sly rer that Committees responsible for this British Standard “Tow praparnlon of Sri Sande was ened by te apirment a Tasport _Amenaments issued slice publivaivn ‘Amd No. Date of nive 25h | KB ZAS ASLEN British Standards Institution - 2 Park Street London W1A 28S - Telephone 01.629 9000 « Telex 266933 he Bish Sonat ation (S336 107 Lie. Sa OB6L: 1 HedBSI BS*1377: PART#) 02 MMH Lb24bb9 OWNSDAW 7 <—-@e AMD 8258 [toy — — a Amendmant Na. 1 published and effective from 15 January 1995 to BS 1877: Part 1 : 1990 es Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes Part 1, General requirements and sample preparation Revised text Foreword Delete lines 1, 2 and 8 of paragraph 2 and ‘substitute the following. ‘BS 1877 : 1975 which has now been withdrawn ia replaced by the following Parts of BS 1877 : 1990: e AMD 4258/January 1996 Clause 2.2.09 toral stress (0°) In line 1 delete ‘(o'' and substitute“) ‘asp s25819 5 Clause 2.2.66 effective stress (0) Inline 2 delete 'e"* and substitute‘. AMD s268/January 1905 Clause 4.2.2.9 Dottle shakers In line 3 delete ‘shall’ and substitute ‘can’ Delete the last line and substitute ‘Rotary bottle shakers shall be calibrated in accordance with AMD 5258/Jonuary 1855, Clause 4.3.8.2 Reference thermometers Delete the existing text and gubstitute the fllowing. “4.0.0.2 Reference doer munnetere. Mesonty-inglese thormometers used as reference thermometers for calibrating laboratory working thermometers shall comply with BS 893. Reforence thermometers shall ‘bo onkibrated initially and thon revalibrated after 2 ‘yours tnd thereafter at intervals not exceeding 6 years. Calibrated thermocouples and plitinum-resistance theemometora waed aa seference instraments shall ‘be recalibrated at least ance every 2 years AMD 8258/Jonnary 1095 ie —om— opi by he Bon tnd on Wed ig 27 E336 1987,OSE BawsaTeT PARTAI OD me aeEHEOT OWNSOsS GOD me Cluwe $442 Thennumeters e Dolete pursyeuph 1 and eubstitute the following, “4442 Thermometers. Mereury-in-glase theswlometere shall he ealibyated against a ruforonce standard before first use, They ehall be recalibrated at intervals not exceeding: Bycars." ANID #25W/Jamuary 1995 ne Clause 4.4.4.6.2 Insext the following note at the end of item (e) TE Where calibration fr use Below 20 ofthe sxe eine regized Une tir shen oe San sedan SiH TSI0 Ba an mis Clause 4.4.5.6 Bottle shakers Delete the title and substitute 44.5.6 Rotary bottle shakers.” Clause 5.1 Distilled water Delete the second sentence i paragraph 1 wad substitute the following. “The latter shall incorporate a device for indicating when an unacceptable upper limit of conductance is reached, Delete itom ta) and substitute the following. ta Non-volatile residue, Not more than 5 mg of total dissolved said pa lite of water whom tested in accordance with elause 8 of BS 1377 : Part 8: 1990.” Delete both item (e) and the note after item (e). AMD W258/Jonunry 1995 Clanse 5 2 Te-nerated water ‘At the ond of paragraph 1 after ‘eg. by boiling” ingert ‘or agitation under vaewurn’ Delete paragraph 2 and ite footnote. ‘AMIN #260'Janary 1995, Clause 74.2 Molsture eunvent tests In Tine 5 delete ‘20 g’ and substitute 30g. ASI) #258/Jan94y 1906, Capi by he th Slander eon Wd fg 27 TLS 187ART#L OL MM ILSHLLT Ow4sGea S47) mw Clause 7.0.2.3 s Dolete the last sentence and substitute the following, ‘Rawr onhosive eale suggested mothe are tw sliced ‘the soi’ go that it ean pass through a 8 mm test sieve, or to chop it into pieces to pass a 20 mm test sieve; the method used shall be recorded.” AMD 8258/Jeanary 1995, Clause 9.1 Laboratory tests ‘In item (e) delete ‘in accordance with clause 41 of 'BS 5990 : 1981’, Appendix A. List of British Standards Under BS 1977 daloto‘®" from Pasta 9 to 0 and delete the corresponding footnote. AMD $258(January 1895, Publications referred to Under BS 1977 delete "from Parts 2 to 9 and Aleta the corsesponding footnote, AMID e254/Jamunry 1095, he Bs Standort ation FSIS 1987