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Business Ethics and
Social Responsibility
Quarter 3 – Module 2:
The Core Principles Underlying
Fairness, Accountability, and
Transparency in Business
Operation and Stewardship
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Business Ethics and Social Responsibility – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 2: The Core Principles Underlying Fairness, Accountability, and
Transparency in Business Operation and Stewardship
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.
Team Leaders:
School Head : Reynaldo B. Visda
LRMDS Coordinator : Melbourne L. Salonga
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Business Ethics and
Social Responsibility
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
The Core Principles
Underlying Fairness,
Accountability, and
Transparency in Business
Operation and Stewardship
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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
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What I Need to Know
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What I Know
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Lesson
The Core Principles Underlying
Fairness, Accountability, and
1 Transparency in Business
Operation and Stewardship
What’s In
Directions: Answer the following questions. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.
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What’s New
Activity 1
Directions: Read the text below and follow the given instructions. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
Miguel works as an accountant in a big corporation. For 2019, the tax payable
by his company to the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) is more than
Php 10,000,000.00 pesos. Since he is assigned to transact business with the BIR, he
connived with the revenue officer where they both agreed to lower the tax to Php
5,000,000.00 only. Then, the Php 2,000,000.00 was given to the collecting officer
and the Php 3,000,000.00 went to Miguel’s own pocket.
Supposing you work with Miguel at the accounting department and you
suddenly discovered what he did, what would you do?
Put check (/) if the action is acceptable. If not, leave it as it is.
_____ I will talk to Miguel and tell him that I will not report him provided that
he shares with me his part.
_____ I will immediately report him to the manager.
_____ I will not do anything because I do not want to be involved in the issue.
_____ I will share the information to my closest officemate, but we will never
disclose it to others.
Activity 2
Directions: Answer each of the following questions in two to three sentences. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Have you been blamed for something you did not do?
Explain what happened.
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Have you gotten a grade that you think you did not deserve?
Explain what happened.
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Have you lost somebody else’s property which you just borrowed? Explain
what happened.
__________________________________________________________________________
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What is It
To help the business organization get on the right track, there are three core
principles that should be implemented in its operation - fairness, accountability, and
transparency.
Fairness
This is the standard of judging which is exempted from bias or prejudice.
When someone displays fairness in making decision, he/she pleases all involved
parties and offers a solution that is beneficial to everyone. In business context,
fairness means balancing the interests involved in all decision-making including
those related to hiring, firing, and the compensation and reward system. Employees
think of their organizations as just when the rewards and the way they are
distributed are fair.
Examples of fairness:
1. A boss listening to both sides of the story before judging who is right
and who is wrong.
2. An employer giving 13th month pay to all his/her employees.
3. A person paying the right price for a product purchased or for a service
received.
Accountability
The most important aspect of preventing and detecting corruption is the
sound accountability structures. A civil society organization without proper systems
of accountability is fragile and open to rumors of mismanagement and abuse of
authority. Worst of all, lacking it will prevent the organization from enjoying full
respect and legitimacy in the eyes of its stakeholders, including those bearers of
duties that it intends to advocate with.
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Examples of accountability:
1. A cashier admits he/she lost the company’s collection and it is his/her
mistake.
2. An engineer who is assigned on a project is the one to be blamed if the
project did not meet the deadlines.
3. Employee A recommended his cousin to be their company janitor, but the
latter stole the cellular phone of their secretary. Therefore, Employee A may
be blamed for recommending his/her cousin and should pay or replace the
lost cellphone.
Transparency
Transparency, at the individual level, considers intrinsic or ethical salience as
an important feature of the relational dimension of a person. It is described as a
personal quality which is necessary to develop unity between and among individuals.
A transparent approach makes a person more honest and sincere in his/her
relationships, in communicating his/her points of view, and in working actively to
find shared meanings and goals.
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What’s More
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B. Directions: Cite two situations on how you can apply fairness, transparency,
and accountability in dealing with your teachers and family/parents. Copy
the table below and write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Transparency
Accountability
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What I Have Learned
Directions: Construct a short paragraph for each number below beginning with the
given phrase. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Rubrics:
Writing mechanics/Content 3 pts.
Grammar 2 pts.
Total 5 pts. for each number
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What I Can Do
Directions: Assume that you formed a non-profit organization during this time of
pandemic. It aims to accept donations from concerned individuals or groups and
distribute to those who are in need. As its founder, think of ways on how you could
show fairness to your members and to the beneficiaries, accountability with the office
properties and donations, and transparency in the transactions of your organization.
Describe briefly what you would do. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Plan of Actions:
Fairness
To Members To Beneficiaries
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
Accountability
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
Transparency in Transactions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Assessment
A B
1. transparency A. It is the explication and justification process.
2. reporting B. It is giving to a person what is due to him/her.
3. fairness C. This act should be done accurately to the
company’s investors.
4. decision-making D. This approach makes a person more
honest and sincere.
5. accountability E. An example of this act involves hiring of
workers.
Directions: Complete each sentence below by filling in the blank/s . Choose your
answers from the box and write them on a separate sheet of paper.
9. _________ is shown when one listens to the two sides of a story before
giving his/her judgment.
10. _________ is shown when one admits his/her mistake and is responsible
for it.
11. One exercises fairness when he/she pays the right amount for an item
purchased.
12. Transparency is shown when one hides the records from the other
shareholders of the company.
13. Bong is exhibiting transparency when he holds an open bidding for
company’s next project.
14. Lito should pay the money collection which he lost in the restaurant, being
the treasurer of the lending company where he works.
15. A boss may choose who among his/her employees will be given Christmas
bonus
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Additional Activities
Directions: Recall your On-the-job training experience. Were there violations on the
following principles? Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Explain your
answers briefly.
1. Fairness
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Accountability
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Transparency
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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Answer Key
References
DepEd 2016. DepEd’s Curriculum Guide for Business Ethics and Social
Responsibility, s. 2016
DepEd 2020. DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies MELC for Business
Ethics and Social Responsibility, s. 2020
Racelis, Aliza. 2017 Business Ethics and Social Responsibility. Manila: Rex Book
Store, Inc.
Rescorrection.com. 2020. Photography of a Person Pointing Something. Retrieve from
https://www.pexels.com/photo/photography-of-a-person-pointing-on-
something-684387/.
Roa, Floriano. 2011. Business Ethics and Social Responsibility. Manila: Rex Book
Store, Inc.
Shimazaki, Sora. 2020. Judgment Scale and Gavel in Judge Office.
https://www.pexels.com/photo/judgement-scale-and-gavel-in-judge-office-
5669602/.
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