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MAX3940
The MAX3940 is designed to drive an electro-absorp- ♦ On-Chip Bias Network
tion modulator (EAM) at data rates up to 10.7Gbps. It ♦ 23ps Edge Speed
incorporates the functions of a biasing circuit and a
modulation circuit, with integrated control op amps ♦ Programmable Modulation Voltage Up to 3VP-P
externally programmed by DC voltages. ♦ Programmable EAM Biasing Voltage Up to 1.25V
The integrated bias circuit provides a programmable ♦ Selectable Data-Retiming Latch
biasing current up to 50mA. This bias current reflects a ♦ Up to 10.7Gbps Operation
bias voltage of up to 1.25V on an external 50Ω load. The
bias and modulation circuits are internally connected on ♦ Integrated Modulation and Biasing Functions
chip, eliminating the need for an external bias inductor. ♦ 50Ω On-Chip Input and Output Terminations
A high-bandwidth, fully differential signal path is internally ♦ Pulse-Width Adjustment
implemented to minimize jitter accumulation. When a ♦ Enable and Polarity Controls
clock signal is available, the integrated data-retiming
function can be selected to reject input-signal jitter. ♦ ESD Protection
The MAX3940 receives differential CML signals (ground Ordering Information
referenced) with on-chip line terminations of 50Ω. The
output has a 50Ω resistor for back termination and is PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
able to deliver a modulation current of 40mA P-P to MAX3940E/D -40°C to +85°C Dice*
120mAP-P, with an edge speed of 23ps (typical, 20% to
80%). This modulation current reflects an EAM modula- *Dice are designed to operate over a -40°C to +120°C junction
temperature (TJ) range, but are tested and guaranteed at
tion voltage of 1.0VP-P to 3.0VP-P.
TA = +25°C only.
The MAX3940 also includes an adjustable pulse-width
control circuit to precompensate for asymmetrical EAM
Applications
characteristics. SONET OC-192 and SDH STM-64 Transmission
Systems
DWDM Systems
Long/Short-Reach Optical Transmitters
10Gbps Ethernet
Typical Application Circuit
-5.2V
10Gbps
SERIALIZER 0.01µF MAX3940
CLK+ 50Ω CLK+
OUT 50Ω
0.01µF
CLK- 50Ω CLK-
2kΩ + +
VMODSET VBIASSET
- - -5.2V
-5.2V 330pF 0.1µF
-5.2V
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at
1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
10Gbps EAM Driver with Integrated
Bias Network
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
MAX3940
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VEE = -5.5V to -4.9V, TA = -40°C to +85°C. Typical values are at VEE = -5.2V, IBIAS = 30mA, IMOD = 100mA, and TA = +25°C, unless
otherwise noted.)
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
10Gbps EAM Driver with Integrated
Bias Network
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
MAX3940
(VEE = -5.5V to -4.9V, TA = -40°C to +85°C. Typical values are at VEE = -5.2V, IBIAS = 30mA, IMOD = 100mA, and TA = +25°C, unless
otherwise noted.)
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
10Gbps EAM Driver with Integrated
Bias Network
Test Circuits and Timing Diagrams
MAX3940
0V
100mV
1.0V
-0.5V
-1.0V
(a) DC-COUPLED SINGLE-ENDED CML INPUT
0.4V
800mV
0V 100mV
-0.4V
(b) AC-COUPLED SINGLE-ENDED (CML OR PECL) INPUT
0V 0V
VOUT VOUT
0V
VOUT mW POUT
VMODSET
(d) RESULTING OPTICAL OUTPUT
(b) MODULATING MODSET
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
10Gbps EAM Driver with Integrated
Bias Network
Test Circuits and Timing Diagrams (continued)
MAX3940
CLK+
VIS = 0.1VP-P TO 1VP-P
DC-COUPLED
CLK-
tSU tHD 0.1VP-P TO 0.8VP-P
AC-COUPLED
DATA-
VIS
DATA+
(DATA+) -
VID = 0.2VP-P TO 2VP-P
(DATA-)
DC-COUPLED
0.2VP-P TO 1.6VP-P
AC-COUPLED
IOUT
GND
ROUT
50Ω 50Ω
50Ω OSCILLOSCOPE
OUT
50Ω
50Ω 50Ω
50Ω
50Ω
DATA+
PATTERN ZL
GENERATOR
50Ω
DATA-
IMOD IBIAS
MAX3940
VEE VEE
-5.2V
0.1µF 300pF
VEE VEE
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
10Gbps EAM Driver with Integrated
Bias Network
Test Circuits and Timing Diagrams (continued)
MAX3940
VOLTAGE
GND
VBIAS
VMOD
VOUT
USABLE RANGE
VEE + 1.67V
BELOW USABLE RANGE
MAX3940 toc03
MAX3940 toc01
MAX3940 toc02
ASIP, INC.
MAX3940 toc05
MEASURED AT 1.25Gbps
840
160 WITH A 1010 PATTERN
PULSE-WIDTH POSITIVE PULSE (ps)
830
150 820
RETIMING ENABLED
810
IEE (mA)
140
800
130
790
120 780
RETIMING DISABLED
770
110
760
100 750
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000
TEMPERATURE (°C) RPWC+ (Ω)
6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
10Gbps EAM Driver with Integrated
Bias Network
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
MAX3940
(Typical values are at VEE = -5.2V, IBIAS = 30mA, IMOD = 100mA, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX3940 toc07
MAX3940 toc06
VMODSET IS RELATIVE TO VEE
4.5
3.0
PULSE-WIDTH DISTORTION (ps)
4.0
3.5 2.5
VMOD (VP-P)
3.0 2.0
2.5
1.5
2.0
1.5 1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0 0
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
TEMPERATURE (°C) VMODSET (V)
MAX3940 toc09
VBIASSET IS RELATIVE TO VEE
-0.2
25
-0.4
20
-0.6
PSNR (dB)
VBIAS (V)
-0.8 15
-1.0
10
-1.2
5
-1.4
-1.6 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10,000
VBIASSET (V) FREQUENCY (kHz)
MAX3940 toc11
-5
-5
-10
-15 -10
-20
-15
S11 (dB)
|S22| (dB)
-25
-30 -20
-35
-25
-40
-45 -30
-50
-35
-55
-60 -40
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 2 4 6 8 10
FREQUENCY (GHz) FREQUENCY (GHz)
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
10Gbps EAM Driver with Integrated
Bias Network
Pad Description
MAX3940
BP1, BP2,
BP4, BP5,
BP7–BP12,
BP14, BP15, GND Ground. All pads must be connected to board ground.
BP17–BP24,
BP26, BP27,
BP28
BP13 CLK+ Noninverting Clock Input for Data Retiming, with 50Ω On-Chip Termination
BP16 CLK- Inverting Clock Input for Data Retiming, with 50Ω On-Chip Termination
BP25 OUT Driver Output. Provides both modulation and bias output. DC-couple to EAM.
TTL/CMOS Modulation Enable Input. Set low or float for normal operation. Set high to put the EAM
BP29 MODEN
in the absorption (logic 0) state. Contains an internal 100kΩ pulldown to VEE.
BP30 RTEN Data-Retiming Input. Connect to VEE for retimed data. Connect to GND to bypass retiming latch.
BP31 BIASSET Bias Current Set. Apply a voltage to set the bias current of the driver output.
BP32 MODSET Modulation Current Set. Apply a voltage to set the modulation current of the driver output.
BP33–BP41 VEE Negative Supply Voltage. All pads must be connected to VEE.
BP42 PWC+ Positive Input for Modulation Pulse-Width Adjustment (see the Design Procedure section).
Negative Input for Modulation Pulse-Width Adjustment. Ground to disable the pulse-width
BP43 PWC-
adjustment feature (see the Design Procedure section).
Differential Data Polarity Swap Input. Set high or float for normal operation. Set low to invert the
BP44 PLRT
differential signal polarity. Contains an internal 100kΩ pullup to GND.
8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
10Gbps EAM Driver with Integrated
Bias Network
The input data is retimed on the rising edge of CLK+. If
MAX3940
ZL × ROUT
RTEN is connected to ground, the retiming function is dis- VBIAS ≈ IBIAS ×
abled and the input data is directly connected to the out- ZL + ROUT
put stage. Leave CLK+ and CLK- open when retiming is
disabled. To program the desired bias current, force a voltage at
the BIASSET pad (see the Typical Application Circuit).
Pulse-Width Control The resulting IBIAS current can be calculated by the fol-
The pulse-width control circuit can be used to compen- lowing equation:
sate for pulse-width distortion introduced by the EAM. VBIASSET
The differential voltage between PWC+ and PWC- IBIAS ≈
adjusts the pulse-width compensation. The adjustment 36.4Ω
range is typically ±50ps. Optional single-ended opera-
tion is possible by forcing a voltage on the PWC+ pad The input impedance of the BIASSET pad is typically
while leaving the PWC- pad unconnected. When PWC- 20kΩ. Note that the minimum output voltage is VEE +
1.67V (see Figure 5).
is connected to ground, the pulse-width control circuit
is automatically disabled. Programming the Pulse-Width Control
Modulation Output Enable Three methods of control are possible when pulse predis-
The MAX3940 incorporates a modulation current- tortion is desired to minimize distortion at the receiver.
enable input. When MODEN is low or floating, the mod- The pulse width may be set with a 2kΩ potentiometer with
ulation/bias output (OUT) is enabled. When MODEN is the center tapped to VEE (or equivalent fixed resistors), or
by applying a voltage to the PWC+ pad, or by applying a
high, the output is switched to the logic 0 state. The
typical enable time is 2ns and the typical disable time differential voltage across the PWC+ and PWC- pads.
See Table 1 for the desired effect of the pulse-width set-
is 2ns.
ting. Pulse width is defined as (positive pulse
Design Procedure width)/((positive pulse width + negative pulse width)/2).
Programming the Modulation Voltage Input Termination Requirement
The EAM modulation voltage results from IMOD passing The MAX3940 data and clock inputs are CML compati-
through the EAM impedance (ZL) in parallel with the ble. However, it is not necessary to drive the IC with a
internal 50Ω termination resistor (ROUT). standard CML signal. As long as the specified input
voltage swings are met, the MAX3940 will operate
ZL × ROUT properly.
VMOD ≈ IMOD ×
ZL + ROUT Applications Information
To program the desired modulation current, force a Layout Considerations
voltage at the MODSET pad (see the Typical To minimize loss and crosstalk, keep the connections
Application Circuit). The resulting IMOD current can be between the MAX3940 output and the EAM module as
calculated by the following equation: short as possible. Use good high-frequency layout
techniques and multilayer boards with an uninterrupted
ground plane to minimize EMI and crosstalk. Circuit
VMODSET
IMOD ≈ + 37mA boards should be made using low-loss dielectrics. Use
11.1Ω controlled-impedance lines for the clock and data
inputs as well as for the data output. Wafer capacitors
An internal, independent current source drives a constant are required to filter the VEE supply. Connect the back-
37mA to the modulation circuitry and any voltage above side of the die to GND.
VEE on the MODSET pad adds to this. The input imped-
ance of the MODSET pad is typically 20kΩ. Note that the
minimum output voltage is VEE + 1.67V (see Figure 5). Table 1. Pulse-Width Control
Programming the Bias Voltage PULSE RPWC+, RPWC- FOR VPWC+ VPWC+ -
WIDTH RPWC+ + RPWC- = 2kΩ (PWC- OPEN) VPWC-
As in the case of modulation, the EAM bias voltage
results from IBIAS passing through the EAM impedance 100% RPWC+ = RPWC- VEE + 1V 0V
(ZL) in parallel with the internal 50Ω termination resistor >100% RPWC+ > RPWC- > VEE + 1V >0V
(ROUT). <100% RPWC+ < RPWC- < VEE + 1V <0V
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
10Gbps EAM Driver with Integrated
Bias Network
MAX3940
50Ω
50Ω 50Ω ROUT
50Ω 50Ω 50Ω
OUT
CLK+
VEE ZL
CLK-
D Q 0
POLARITY
MUX PWC
DATA+
1
DATA- IMOD IBIAS
50Ω 50Ω
MAX3940
VEE VEE
VEE VEE
VEE
10 ______________________________________________________________________________________
10Gbps EAM Driver with Integrated
Bias Network
MAX3940
GND
GND GND
VEE
VEE
______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
10Gbps EAM Driver with Integrated
Bias Network
Chip Topography
MAX3940
PLRT PWC- PWC+ VEE VEE VEE VEE VEE VEE VEE VEE VEE MODSET BIASSET RTEN MODEN
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
DATA+
OUT 1.6mm
GND
(63 mils)
GND
DATA-
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
(0, 0)
GND GND GND GND CLK+ GND GND CLK- GND GND GND GND GND
2.3mm
(90.6 mils)
12 ______________________________________________________________________________________
10Gbps EAM Driver with Integrated
Bias Network
MAX3940
Table 2. Bondpad Locations
PAD COORDINATES (µm) PAD COORDINATES (µm)
PAD NAME PAD NAME
NUMBER X Y NUMBER X Y
BP1 GND 51.2 933.2 BP23 GND 2028 108.6
BP2 GND 51.2 807.2 BP24 GND 2028 234.6
BP3 DATA+ 51.2 681.2 BP25 OUT 2028 574.8
BP4 GND 51.2 555.2 BP26 GND 2028 700.8
BP5 GND 51.2 429.2 BP27 GND 2028 856.2
BP6 DATA- 51.2 303.2 BP28 GND 2028 982.2
BP7 GND 51.2 177.2 BP29 MODEN 1953.8 1140.4
BP8 GND 51.2 51.2 BP30 RTEN 1827.8 1140.4
BP9 GND 231.8 -63.6 BP31 BIASSET 1701.8 1140.4
BP10 GND 357.8 -63.6 BP32 MODSET 1575.8 1140.4
BP11 GND 483.8 -63.6 BP33 VEE 1449.8 1140.4
BP12 GND 609.8 -63.6 BP34 VEE 1323.8 1140.4
BP13 CLK+ 769.4 -63.6 BP35 VEE 1197.8 1140.4
BP14 GND 895.4 -63.6 BP36 VEE 1071.8 1140.4
BP15 GND 1021.4 -63.6 BP37 VEE 945.8 1140.4
BP16 CLK- 1147.4 -63.6 BP38 VEE 819.8 1140.4
BP17 GND 1305.2 -63.6 BP39 VEE 693.8 1140.4
BP18 GND 1431.2 -63.6 BP40 VEE 567.8 1140.4
BP19 GND 1606.2 -63.6 BP41 VEE 441.8 1140.4
BP20 GND 1732.2 -63.6 BP42 PWC+ 315.8 1140.4
BP21 GND 1874 -63.2 BP43 PWC- 189.8 1140.4
BP22 GND 2028 -43.8 BP44 PLRT 63.8 1140.4
Package Information
For the latest package outline information, go to
www.maxim-ic.com/packages.
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
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