CIRKULATORNI SISTEM TEST

1. Navedi tipove telesnih tečnosti koje se sreću u životinjskom svetu____________________________

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2. Navedi ulogu koje telesne tečnosti imaju u organizmu______________________________________
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3. Navedi koja telesna tečnost je najsloženija i kod koga je zastupljena__________________________
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4. Navedi organizme kod kojih je zastupljena hidrolimfa______________________________________
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5. Navedi funkciju hidrolimfe___________________________________________________________
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6. Navedi kod kojih organizama je zastupljena hemolimfa____________________________________
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7. Navedi po čemu su karakteristični pigmenti koji ulaze u sastav hemolimfe_____________________
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8. Definiši šta su hemociti, u sastav koje telesne tečnosti ulaze i koja je njihova uloga ______________
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9. Definiši da li hemolimfa cirkuliše zatvorenim ili otvorenim sistemom krvnih sudova i da li postoji
grupa organizama kod koje vezano za cirkulaciju hemolimfe postoji
izuzetak__________________________________________________________________________
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10. Definiši šta se podrazumeva pod otvorenim sistemom za cirkulaciju__________________________
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11. Definiši šta se podrazumeva pod zatvorenim sistemom za cirkulaciju__________________________
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12. Navedi dve osnovne komponente krvi__________________________________________________
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13. Definiši sastav krvne plazme__________________________________________________________
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14. Definiši šta podrazumeva tehnika centrifugiranja__________________________________________
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15. Definiši na koji način se nakon primene centrifugiranja razdvajaju komponente krvi ukoliko se pre
samog postupka doda antikoagulans____________________________________________________
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16. Definiši na koji način se nakon primene centrifugiranja razdvajaju komponente krvi ukoliko se pre
samog postupka ne doda antikoagulans_________________________________________________
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17. Da li krv koaguliše u zatvorenom sistemu krvnih sudova____________________________________
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18. Kako se naziva supstanca koja ne dozvoljava da krv koaguliše u zatvorenom , nepovređenom
krvnom sudu već da normalno cirkuliše_________________________________________________
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19. Definiši šta su eritrociti (oblik, osnovna karakteristika, drugi naziv, gde se nalaze)_______________
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20. Navedi životni vek eritrocita__________________________________________________________
21. Navedi vrednost normalnog broja eritrocita u krvi_________________________________________
22. Navedi organizme kod kojih eritrociti imaju jedro_________________________________________
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23. Navedi organizme kod kojih eritrociti nemaju jedro________________________________________
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24. Definiši šta je hemoglobin, kakva je njegova građa i šta se nalazi u aktivnom centru hemoglobina,
gde se nalazi, i koja je njegova uloga___________________________________________________
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25. Da li organizam ima sposobnost samostalno da stvara gvožđe i na koji način gvožđe može da se
unese u organizam__________________________________________________________________
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26. Definiši odnos broja i veličine eritrocita_________________________________________________
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27. Definiši iz kog razloga je broj eritrocita kod muškaraca veći_________________________________
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28. Definiši šta je hemoliza______________________________________________________________
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29. Definiši šta je sedimentacija__________________________________________________________
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30. Navedi osnovne osobine leukocita (oblik, osnovna karakteristika, drugi naziv, gde se nalaze, na koji
način se kreću)_____________________________________________________________________
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31. Navedi gde nastaju eritrociti__________________________________________________________
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32. Navedi gde nastaju leukociti__________________________________________________________
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33. Definiši na koji način leukociti prolaze kroz zidove krvnih sudova____________________________
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34. Navedi osnovnu ulogu leukocita_______________________________________________________
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35. Navedi normalnu vrednost brojnosti leukocita na litar krvi__________________________________
36. Definiši šta predstavlja leukocitarna formula_____________________________________________
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37. Definiši odnos brojnosti leukocita, eritrocita i trombocita___________________________________
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38. Navedi kako se dele leukociti prema mestu nastanka i građi_________________________________
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39. Navedi osnovne osobine trombocita____________________________________________________
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40. Definiši ulogu trombocita____________________________________________________________
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41. Definiši na koji način se na mestu povređenog krvnog suda pormira krvni kolač_________________
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42. Navedi i definiši koliko linija odbrane postoji u organizmu__________________________________
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43. Definiši šta karakteriše prvu nespecifičnu liniju odbrane____________________________________
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44. Definiši šta karakteriše drugu nespecifičnu liniju odbrane___________________________________
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45. Definiši šta karakteriše treću specifičnu liniju odbrane (samo navedi vrste leukocita)_____________
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46. Definiši karakteristike neutrofilnih leukocita_____________________________________________
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47. Definiši karakteristike monocita_______________________________________________________
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48. Definiši karakteristike eozinofila______________________________________________________
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49. Definiši šta su ćelije „prirodne ubice“ i navedi njihove karakteristike__________________________
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50. Definiši šta su interferoni i navedi njihovu ulogu i karakteristike_____________________________
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51. Definiši ulogu B limfocita____________________________________________________________
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52. Definiši ulogu T limfocita____________________________________________________________
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53. Definiši šta su pirogeni______________________________________________________________
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54. Definiši na koji način deluju antipiretici_________________________________________________
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55. Definiši proces primarnog imunog odgovora_____________________________________________
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56. Definiši proces sekundarnog imunog odgovora___________________________________________
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57. Definiši šta je imunitet______________________________________________________________
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58. Navedi navedi i definiši načine na koje stičemo imunitet i procese u organizmu prilikom sticanja
imuniteta_________________________________________________________________________
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59. Definiši šta predstavlja aglutinacija i u kojim slučajevima dolazi do ove pojave__________________
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60. Po čemui se razlikuju osobe A, B, AB, i O krvne grupe ____________________________________
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61. Navedi kombinaciju roditelja u odnosu na Rh faktor koji je najrizičniji za pojavu fetalne
eritroblastoze______________________________________________________________________
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62. Definiši šta je fetalna eritroblastoza____________________________________________________
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63. Definiši na koji način se može sprečiti fetalna eritroblastoza_________________________________
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64. Navedi segmente od kojih je izgrađeno srce riba i koja krv isključivo protiče kroz srce kod riba_____
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65. Kako je građeno srce vodozemaca_____________________________________________________
66. Kako je građeno srce gmizavaca_______________________________________________________
67. Kako je građeno srce krokodila, ptica i sisara_____________________________________________
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68. Definiši tok krvotoka u malom krvotoku i navedi koja krv se kreće kojim krvnim sudovima________
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69. Definiši tok krvotoka u velikom krvotoku i navedi koja krv se kreće kojim krvnim sudovima_______
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70. Navedi gde iz srca vodozemaca odlazi oksigenisana a gde dezoksigenisana krv
71. Navedi koja struktura u srcu žabe omogućava da se oksigenisana krv usmeri ka tkivima a
dezoksigenidana u pluća i kožu
72. Navedi na osnovu čega se razlikuju zidovi između pretkomora u odnosu na zidove između
komora___________________________________________________________________________
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73. Navedi koja komora ima najdeblji zid i zašto_____________________________________________
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74. Navedi kako se nazivaju vene kojima se dezoksigenisana krv iz tkiva vraća u desnu pretkomoru
srca_____________________________________________________________________________
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75. Navedi koji zalisci se nalaze između desne pretkomore i desne komore________________________
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76. Navedi koji zalisci se nalaze između leve pretkomore i leve komore___________________________
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77. Navedi gde se nalaze polumesečasti zalisci______________________________________________
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78. Definiši koju funkciju imaju polumesečasti zalisci_________________________________________
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79. Definiši kako radi srce_______________________________________________________________
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80. Definiši zašto se srce žabe i dalje grči neko vreme nakon što se izvadi iz organizma______________
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81. Navedi od kojih ćelija je izgrađeno srce_________________________________________________
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82. Definiši šta su predvodničke ćelije i koja je njihova funkcija_________________________________
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83. Navedi strukture u koje se grupišu predvodničke ćelije_____________________________________
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84. Nabroj grupacije predvodničkih ćelija koje se nalaze u okviru srca____________________________
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85. Navedi kako se naziva mesto (čvor) na kome se inicira srčani ritam i gde se on nalazi_____________
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86. Definiši šta izaziva Sa čvor___________________________________________________________
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87. Navedi pun naziv i gde se nalazi AV čvor_______________________________________________
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88. Gde se prenose potencijali iz AV čvora (navedi put AP od početka do kraja)____________________
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89. Definiši gde se nalazi i šta omogućava Hisov snop________________________________________
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90. Definiši da li je srce pod kontrolom nervnog sistema i ako jeste koji nervni sistem je u pitanju______
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91. Navedi gde je ostvarena veza između autonomnog nervnog sistema i srca ______________________
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92. Definiši koji deo autonomnog nervnog sistema je aktivan kada smo mirni i opušteni a koji kada smo
u strahu i napeti____________________________________________________________________
93. Navedi gde se nalazi centar koji reguliše rad srca i definiši kako on funkcioniše_________________
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94. Definiši da li pored nervnog sistema na rad srca utiče i neki drugi sistem i ako utiče navedi koji
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95. Navedi šta obuhvata jedan srčani ciklus_________________________________________________
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96. Definiši šta se dešava tokom grčenja pretkomora__________________________________________
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97. Definiši šta se dešava tokom grčenja komora_____________________________________________
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98. Definiši šta se dešava u pauzi srčanog ciklusa____________________________________________
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99. Definiši šta je EKG_________________________________________________________________
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100. Definiši šta je FKG___________________________________________________________
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101. Definiši na koji način se srce snabdeva kiseonikom i hranom__________________________
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102. Definiši usled čega nastaje infarkt srca____________________________________________
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103. Navedi faktore koji dovode do infarkta srca________________________________________
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104. Navedi tipove krvnih sudova___________________________________________________
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105. Definiši građu i ulogu arterija___________________________________________________
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106. Definiši građu i ulogu vena_____________________________________________________
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107. Definiši građu i ulogu kapilara__________________________________________________
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