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Challenges faced in corporate and criminal investigations process in Tanzania

include:
1. Lack of technical expertise and skills in handling complex cases such as
cybercrimes and corporate crimes. Insufficient training and resources for Law
enforcement officers handling these types of cases.

2. Lack of coordination between different government agencies and departments in

investigating corporate and cybercrimes. Insufficient legal framework to effectively
prosecute and bring to justice those responsible for cyber and corporate crimes.

3. Inadequate tracking and management systems for cases, leading to delays and
inefficiencies in the investigation process.

How to address these challenges:

1. Suspect biometric registration linking to the National ID database: This will enable
the Law enforcement to quickly identify suspects and track their movements,
reducing the risk of escape and making it easier for bail process or prosecution.

I. Case tracking using technology (case management systems): An end-to-end

case management system will improve the efficiency and transparency of the
investigation process, making it easier to track progress and ensure that all
relevant information is captured.

II. Expand the use of technology in the investigation process: By using

technology such as digital forensics tools, case management systems, and
secure storage solutions, the Law enforcement can streamline the
investigation process and reduce the risk of errors and inconsistencies. For
example, the Law enforcement could use digital forensics tools to extract and
analyze data from suspects' devices, and use case management systems to
track progress and store all relevant information in a secure and organized
manner.

III. Enhance the training and development of Law enforcement officers:

Regular training and professional development opportunities for Law
enforcement officers will help them to keep up to date with the latest trends
and best practices in the field. For example, the Law enforcement could
organize workshops and training sessions for officers on digital forensics and
cybercrime investigations, or offer secondment to other organizations with
expertise in these areas.

IV. Develop a robust legal framework to support investigations: A clear and

comprehensive legal framework will provide the Law enforcement with the
tools they need to effectively prosecute and bring to justice those responsible
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for corporate and cybercrimes. For example, the government could update
the existing laws on cybercrime and electronic evidence, or introduce new
legislation to enable private investigations to effectively investigate and
prosecute cyber and corporate criminals.

V. Enhance collaboration between different government agencies:

Improved collaboration between different government agencies, such as the
Law enforcement, the judiciary, and the technology sector, will help to
increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the investigation process. For
example, the Law enforcement could work with tech companies to share
information and knowledge about the latest technologies and trends in
cybercrime, and at the same time collaborate with the judiciary to ensure that
existing laws and procedures are fit for purpose.

VI. Improve the standardization and interoperability of systems:

Standardization and interoperability of systems will ensure that the Law
enforcement are able to access and exchange information quickly and
efficiently, reducing the risk of errors and delays in the investigation process.
For example, the Law enforcement could adopt a common case management
system across the country, or standardize the methods used for collecting
and storing digital evidence.

VII. Invest in research and development: Investment in research and

development will help the Law enforcement to stay ahead of the curve and be
better prepared to tackle emerging threats in the field of cybercrime and
corporate crime. For example, the government could set up a dedicated
research and development unit within the Law enforcement service, or
allocate funding for research projects aimed at improving the effectiveness of
the investigation process.

VIII. Improve the quality of evidence collection: By improving the quality of

evidence collection, the Law enforcement will be better equipped to
prosecute those responsible for cyber and corporate crimes. For example,
the Law enforcement could adopt a standard method for collecting and
storing electronic evidence, or invest in tools and equipment to enhance the
quality of the evidence captured.

IX. Increase public awareness and education: Increased public awareness

and education will help to reduce the impact of cyber and corporate crimes,
and encourage members of the public to report incidents and provide
information to the Law enforcement. For example, the Law enforcement could
launch public awareness campaigns and provide training and education
sessions for members of the public on how to protect themselves from
cybercrime.

X. Enhance the efficiency of the court process: Improving the efficiency of

the court process will reduce the length of time it takes for cases to be heard
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and reduce the risk of appeals and reversals. For example, the judiciary could
adopt digital systems for case management and evidence presentation, or
introduce more streamlined procedures for hearing and deciding

2. On-the-job training using attachments or secondment to the private sector areas

like banking, telecoms, insurance, etc. by Law enforcement graduates: This will give
Law enforcement officers the opportunity to gain practical experience and knowledge
of the latest technologies and best practices used in the private sector, which can be
applied in their investigations.

3. Recruitment to be on two tracks: career officers and special agent track: Career
officers will be responsible for day-to-day operations, while special agents will be
recruited based on skill-based and will serve on specialist units within the Law
enforcement service. This will allow the Law enforcement to focus on specific areas
of expertise and improve the quality of investigations.

Way forward in Improving Corporate and Criminal Investigations in Tanzania

1. Introduction:

The increasing frequency of corporate and cybercrimes in Tanzania has highlighted

the need for a comprehensive and effective system for investigating these crimes. To
address this issue, the government and law enforcement agencies need to work
together to improve the investigation process and bring those responsible to justice.
This way forward outlines a timeline for implementing the recommendations
described above.

2. Timeline:

I. Month 1-3: Conduct a comprehensive review of the current systems and

processes used for investigating corporate and cybercrimes in Tanzania. This will
involve consultations with key stakeholders, including law enforcement agencies,
the judiciary, and the technology sector. (ongoing) Presidential committee
formed to report back in may 2023

II. Month 4-6: Develop a detailed plan for implementing the recommendations
outlined in my previous response. This will involve developing a budget and
securing the necessary resources.

III. Month 7-12: Begin the implementation of the first phase of the plan, which will
involve enhancing the training and development of Law enforcement officers and
improving the quality of evidence collection. This will involve organizing
workshops and training sessions for officers on digital forensics and cybercrime
investigations, and investing in tools and equipment to enhance the quality of the
evidence captured.
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IV. Month 13-24: Continue the implementation of the second phase of the plan,
which will involve improving the standardization and interoperability of systems,
increasing public awareness and education, and enhancing the efficiency of the
court process. This will involve adopting a common case management system
across the country, launching public awareness campaigns, and introducing
more streamlined procedures for hearing and deciding cases.

V. Month 25-36: Evaluate the effectiveness of the plan and make any necessary
adjustments. This will involve conducting regular audits and evaluations of the
systems and processes used for investigating corporate and cybercrimes in
Tanzania, and making any necessary changes based on the findings.

Implementing these recommendations will require significant investment of

time, resources, and funding. However, by improving the investigation
process, the government and law enforcement agencies will be better
equipped to tackle the increasing threat of corporate and cybercrimes in
Tanzania and bring those responsible to justice. With a clear and
comprehensive plan in place, the goal of reducing the impact of these
crimes can be achieved within 36 months.

Benefits of the Proposed Plan for Improving Corporate and Criminal Investigations in
Tanzania:

1. Improved Training and Development: By providing Law enforcement officers with

specialized training in digital forensics and cybercrime investigations, the quality of
evidence collected will be greatly improved. This will lead to stronger cases and
more successful prosecutions.

2. Enhanced Evidence Collection: Investing in the right tools and equipment will
enable the Law enforcement to collect and preserve evidence more effectively,
making it more likely that cases can be solved and perpetrators brought to justice.

3. Standardized Systems and Processes: By adopting a common case management

system across the country, the investigation process will become more efficient and
streamlined. This will reduce the risk of errors and increase the quality of the
evidence collected.

4. Improved Public Awareness: By launching public awareness campaigns and

providing education about corporate and cybercrimes, the public will be better
equipped to identify and report these crimes. This will increase the number of cases
reported and reduce the impact of these crimes on the wider community.

5. Efficient Court Process: By introducing more streamlined procedures for hearing

and deciding cases, the court process will become more efficient, reducing the time it
takes to bring cases to trial and ensuring that justice is served more quickly.
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6. Consequence Management: By having a comprehensive and efficient system in

place, the impact of corporate and cybercrimes on the wider community will be
reduced, making it a safer place for everyone.

7. Increased Confidence in the Justice System: By effectively addressing the issue

of corporate and cybercrimes in Tanzania, the public will have greater confidence in
the justice system and the ability of law enforcement agencies to bring those
responsible to justice.
In conclusion, the proposed plan for improving corporate and criminal investigations in
Tanzania will bring a wide range of benefits, from improving the quality of evidence collected
to increasing public awareness and reducing the impact of these crimes. By investing in
such a plan, the government and law enforcement agencies will be better equipped to tackle
the increasing threat of corporate and cybercrimes and ensure that justice is served.

Joseph Michael Mnyune

Cyber-Risk and Investigations Specialist