Chapter 29 Latin American 8.

What was the ancient South

Revolutions 19th century American civilization who were
warlike and brusque, paid more
1. What is the vast region which attention to army training, and
includes Mexico, Central America, offer human as sacrifices to their
South America, and the West Indies? gods?
Latin America The Aztecs (Mexico)

2. Who misnamed Latin America, along 9. Who is the chief sun god of the
with North America, often called Aztecs?
“The New World”, into America? Huitzilopchtli
Martin Waldsenmuller
10. Who is the “white god” that when
3. When did Christopher Columbus the white Spaniards came, the Aztecs
discover America? greeted as gods instead of
October 12, 1492 conquerors?
Quetzalcoatl
4. In what century did South
American peoples revolt and throw 11. Who were the first people to
off their colonial bondage called cultivate tobacco and make chocolate
the Hispanic revolution inspired the from cacao? The Aztecs
Philippine nationalistic movement?
19th century 12. What was the glory of Aztec in
science and can be found in the
5. What is the civilization which National Museum in Mexico City?
was the earliest, outstanding for The famous Aztec Stone Calendar
its extraordinary development of the
arts and sciences? Did they occupy 13. In 1519, who was the Aztec
Guatemala, Honduras, and Souther emperor that was conquered by
Mexico? Yes Spaniards?
Mayas (1000 AD) Montezuma II

6. What civilization built many 14. Who conquered the Aztecs or

cities whose ruins can be found Mexico?
today in places like the Yucatan Hernando Cortes
Peninsula in Mexico?
Mayas (Yucatan) 15. Who were the outstanding people
for being a well-organized empire
7. Why were The Mayas the greatest and for great building projects like
native civilization in ancient roads to their cities and extensive
America? irrigation system that left many
(1)Developed writing ancient ruins today?
(2)Literature in prose and poetry The Incas (Peru, Andres)
(3)1000 Gods in religion
(4)First to cultivate mais 16. In the capital of the Inca,
(5)Calendar which was more exact Cuzco, what is the wonder that we
than Roman Calendar can still see today?
(6)Mathematics and astronomy Macchu Picchu
equal to Europeans
17. Who was the Spanish conquistador 26. Who was “The Liberator” of
whose forces capture the Incas? northern South America, Bolivia,
Francisco Pizzaro Ecuador, Panama, Colombia, and
Venezuela?
18. On November 15, 1532, who was Gen. Simon Bolivar
the Inca emperor conquered by
Francisco Pizzaro? 27. Who led the independence in the
Atahualpa Southern part who crossed the Andes
to help in the liberation of Chile
and Peru? Gen. Jose de San Martin
European Conquest and Colonization
(Spaniards, Portuguese, and French) 28. Where was the historic meeting
of Bolivar and San Martin on July
19. Who destroyed the Indian 26, 1822?
civilizations and carved out Guayaquil, Ecuador
colonial empires in Latin America?
Europeans (Spain, Portugal, France) 29. On December 9, 1824. Bolivar
defeated the last Spanish army. What
20. Who discovered the Pacific Ocean was the victory that marked the
in 1513 and opened the way to the finale of the Wards of Independence
Pacific coastland of Central in South America?
America? Battle of Ayacucho
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
30. Who achieved the bloodless
21. Who discovered Brazil? independence of Brazil and he is the
Pedro Cabral son of Emperor King Joao VI of
Portugal?
222. What are the 4 causes of Latin Don Pedro
American Independence?
(1)Race discrimination 31. What was the last Spanish colony
(2)Economic oppression to win independence?
(3)Influence of the American and Cuba
French Revolutions
(4)Napoleon’s invasion of Spain 32. Why America joined the War of
and Portugal Independence of Cuba?
(1)American sympathy for Cuba
23. What was the first country in (2)Military and economic interest
South America to become free from in Asia
colonial rule? Haiti (3)Blowing up of American warship
Maine at Havana Harbor on
24. Who led the freedom from Spain February 15, 1898
in Mexico in 1821?
Agustin de Iturbide 33. Who was the first president of
Cuba? Tomas Estrada Palma
25. Who became the first president
of Mexico because they want to be a 34. Who was the “Father of American
republic? Independence” who championed the
Guadalupe Victoria “liberation theology”?
Father Miguel Hidalgo
 (4)Plenty of raw materials and
35. What Mexican architects have markets for manufactured
perfected to make the buildings products
earthquake-proof? (5)Baking system
“Floating foundation” (6)Large merchant fleet to ship
goods and best navy to protect
36. Who was the Cuban physician that ships
discovered the cause of yellow (7) Damp climate that favored
fever? manufacture of cotton cloths
Dr. Carlos Finlay
3. Mechanization of the textile
37. Who is the Argentine industry - triggered the start of
physiologist who won the Nobel Prize the Industrial Revolution
for his study of internal glands?
Dr. Bernardo Houssay 4. Cotton cloth- first industry to
be mechanized
38. Who wrote the collection of
poems Azul who is a Nicaraguan poet? 5. John Kay - watchmaker, invented
Ruben Dario the “flying shuttle”
James Hargreaves - “spinning jenny”
to spin 80 threads at 1 time
Richard Arkwright - “water frame” to
Chapter 30 The Industrial Revolution double the speed of spinning jenny
18th century Samuel Crompton - “the mule” to spin
200 threads at once
1.When was the replacement of hand Edward Cartwright - “power loom”
labor by machine work? increased the demand of cotton
Industrial Revolution Eli Whitney - “cotton gin”

2. What is the summary of the New Sources of Power

Industrial Revolution? 6. James Watt - improved the steam
(1)Mechanization of agriculture engined that Thomas Newcomen
and industry invented, it supplied most of the
(2)The use of power (electricity power to run industry in England,
and steam oil) in industry and engine in locomotion
(3)Factory system Humphry Davy - safety lamp for
(4)Sensational development of coalminers
transportation and Alessandro Volta - power of
communication electricity
(5)Increase in big business Michael Faraday - electrodynamo
control of the economy
New Metals
Britain - The Industrial Revolution 7. Iron - soft metal use to build
began in the middle of 18th century machines
because Britain has Bessemer process - removing
(1)Abundance of natural resources impurities from iron and make it
like coal, iron, and water hard
(2)Skilled artisans Steel - hard iron
(3)Merchant and capitalist class
 come from peanuts, sweet potatoes,
Revolution in Transportation cotton stalks, and yellow pine trees

8. John L. McAdam - “macadamization” Internationalism - The Industrial

reinforced road layer of clay and
gravel then replaced by concrete
Suez Canal - links Mediterranean and
Red Sea
Panama Canal - links Atlantic Ocean
and Pacific ocean
Clermont - first steamboat, Robert
Fulton
Rocket- first steam train or
locomotive
Stockton and Darlington railroad -
first railway in the world
Gottlieb Daimler - first gasoline
engine and attached to buggy,
automobile was born
Rudolf Diesel - cheaper to operate
that a gasoline-powered machine
Henry Ford - Ford Motor company,
manufactured automobiles by the mass
production
Charles Goodyear- vulcanization
Montgolfier brothers- first balloon
Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright-
first airplane or aviation
Revolution made different nations to
understand each other by breaking
down the barriers of
misunderstanding between nations
Adam Smith - “Father of Capitalism”
“laissez faire or free enterprise”
The Wealth of Nations
Karl Max- “Father of communism” The
advanced ideal society is the means
of production would be held in
common, and everyone’s needs would
be met.
Communist Manifesto - Karl Max and
Friedrich Engels
Das Capital
Vladimir Lenin - Russian rebel,
inspired by Karl Marx, applied the
first communist state in Russia

Communication
9. Samuel Morse - first telegraph,
sent the first telegraph message
“What hath God wrought”
Cyrus Field - submarine telegraph
Alexander Graham Bell - wireless
telegraph

Agriculture Revolution
10. Jethro Tull - “seed drill”
Viscount Charles Townsend - crop
rotation
Robert Bakewell - scientific
breeding of animals
Luther Burbank - new varieties of
plants by inbreeding
Cyrus McCormick - mechanical reaper
George Washington Carver - American
black inventor, new products could