CENGR 4140

EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING

WRITTEN REPORT
(LIQUEFACTION)

Submitted by:

JOSYHLL LYKA ROSE VILLENA

BSCE 4-4

Submitted to:
ENGR. MARK JOHN MACANDOG
INSTRUCTOR
I. Objective

To give a visual representation of a liquifiable soil at ground motion condition.

II. Materials

• Any open container

• Sand

• Water

• Rock

• Mallet or hammer

• A piece of wood

III. Procedures

a. Fill your container with sand. The deeper the sand the better.

b. Pour water on the pan so it reaches just below the surface of the sand.

c. Place your rock into the top of sand.

d. Now gently, repeatedly tap the side of the container with a hammer.

e. Another activity. Submerge your piece of wood in the sand.

f. Now gently, repeatedly tap the side of the container with a hammer.
IV. Key Questions

What happened to the sand and rock?

The sand sinks as the ground liquefies, while the rock submerges. Repeated

hammering compresses and squeezes the ground's underlying particles, creating a

strong vibration that drives the water to rise above the surface and change to liquid. As

a result, the rock experienced excruciating settlement and the sand liquefied. Rocks

cannot be sustained in this sand and water mudslide. The chunk of wood, however, is

still in its original spot.

Was this the same as your prediction?

Yes, as liquefaction is covered in the lesson already.

V. Conclusion

Since water is practically incompressible, liquefaction may be an issue if loose

sands are saturated and located below the water table. Settlements and problems of the

bearing capacity can be caused by liquefaction. As a result, structures above and below

ground may have devastating repercussions. It can result in unbearable consequences

similar to what occurred to the rock. The weight and strength of the overburden soils

in seismic zones, on the other hand, are crucial for structures built below the water

table. A good example is the chunk of wood that was placed at top of the sand. Sands

close to the ground's surface that liquefy may lead them to float on uppermost part

of the surface.